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Three fluid mechanics laboratory experiments conducted in the fmm3701 course. The first experiment focuses on determining pressure losses in tubes based on mass flow, the second experiment involves creating a fan characteristic diagram, and the third experiment deals with calibrating an orifice flow meter using a reference measuring nozzle. Detailed information on the experiment setup, procedures, data collection, calculations, and conclusions. It serves as a practical guide for students to understand the principles of fluid mechanics and gain hands-on experience in experimental techniques. The experiments cover topics such as pipe friction, fan performance, and flow rate measurement, which are essential for understanding fluid dynamics and its applications in various engineering fields.
Typology: Exercises
2024/2025
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Experiment 1
Pipe friction
Aim of experiment
Determine pressure losses in tubes depending on the mass flow
Preparing the experiment
Experiment set-up
- Attach the pipe section with desired diameter to the measuring nozzle and intake connection using union nuts. Note: the longer end is the abatement section for the inlet and must be connected to the measuring nozzle.
- Connect the pressure measuring points to the differential pressure manometer as shown. θ 34mm: Measuring range 0…25mbar – θ 24mm, θ 16mm: Measuring range 0…600mbar
- Connect pressure measuring points to the measuring nozzle to the negative connection of the velocity display.
Procedure
- Switch on the fan and set the desired flow via the speed.
- Record the velocity c from the measuring nozzle and the pressure loss ∆P.
- Set new flow rate via speed and repeat the measurement.
- Repeat the series of measurement for other pipe diameters.
Experiment Data
Diameter 34 mm Diameter 24 mm Diameter 16 mm Velocity c in m/s
Pressure loss ∆P in mbar
Velocity c in m/s
Pressure loss ∆P in mbar
Velocity c in m/s
Pressure loss ∆P in mbar
Experiment Results
Diameter 34 mm Diameter 24 mm Diameter 16 mm Mass flow m in kg/s
Pressure loss ∆P in mbar
Mass flow m in kg/s
Pressure loss ∆P in mbar
Mass flow m in kg/s
Pressure loss ∆P in mbar
Calculations
- Calculate mass flow rate
- Draw graph of mass flow rate vs ∆P for all three diameters
Conclusion
- Evaluate the experiment and draw your conclusions
Additional information
The pipe friction factor can be determined using the following equation: ג
= (p 1 – p 2 ) *
Tm = average temperature
Data
Head Ps in mbar Velocity c in m/s
Results
Head Ps in mbar Velocity c in m/s Mass flow m in kg/s Hydraulic output Phyd in W
Calculations
- Mass flow
- Hydraulic Power output
- Plot graph of mass flow vs Head Ps
Conclusion
- Evaluate the experiment and draw your conclusions
Experiment 3
Flow Rate Measurement with Orifice
Aim of the Experiment
Creating a calibration curve for an orifice. The measuring nozzle is used as a reference.
Preparing the Experiment
Equip orifice holder with desired orifice disk
- Disassemble the orifice holder by loosening the four screws in the center.
- Place the orifice disk with the desired diameter in the center of the recess.
- Reassemble the holder. Ensure that the orifice disk is centered, and the sealing rings
are seated properly in the grooves.
Calculate
- Flow rate and Differential pressure in Pa
- Flow rate orifice and Pressure ratio
- Expansion factor
- Draw graph (Orifice calibration curve) for Measured value of orifice vs Volume flow Q
(measuring nozzle)
Conclusion
- Evaluate the experiment and draw your conclusions