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Fluoroscopy 89 Study Guide
Questions
The California Control Regulations states that any person who violates any part of the provisions of these regulations is guilty of a __________. - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Misdemeanor
X-ray Supervisors and Operators (RSO) may:
- expose human beings
- supervise the activities of technologists who hold the fluoroscopy permit
- expose human beings to x-rays only within the scope of their professional licenses - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ ALL OF THEM
Certified Radiologic Technologists (CRTs) may:
- use fluoroscopic equipment for fluoroscopic positioning and exposure if they have a permit
- report any diagnosis to a patient if ordered to do so by a licentiate of the healing arts
- NOT use any title implying the right to practice any of the healing arts - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ ALL OF THEM
Which records must be kept for x-ray machines?
- when a new machine is acquired
- when a machine is transferred or sold
- when a machine is destroyed or disposed of
- each required calibration, survey and test - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ ALL OF THEM Individual dosimetry records for occupational workers must be kept:
- for one year
- for three years
- indefinitely
- for the length of a person's employment or education - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ 3. indefinitely
Night/low light vision uses the _______ of the eye. - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ rods
The ability of the eye to resolve separate and distinct objects is called _______________ - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ visual acuity Analog conventional fluoroscopy is (more,less) noisy than digital fluoroscopy unit as they have a (lower, higher) SNR - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ more; lower
A (low, high) SNR will result in a loss of contrast resolution - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ low
What does DAP and KAP stand for? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ DAP: Dose area product KAP: Kerma Area product (T/F) DAP and KAP assesses the absorbed dose risk of an exam compared with the area irradiated. - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ False, only DAP does this
How many questions total are part of the fluoroscopy permit exam? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ 90
What is the ARRT exam category for Content A? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Radiation Biology and Physics
What is the ARRT exam category for Content B? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Exposure Reduction
What is the ARRT exam category for Content C? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Equipment operation
What is the ARRT exam category for Content D? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Image eval, quality control, patient considerations
The newer term for brightness gain is _______ which measures image intensifier performance. - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Conversion Factor (CF)
formula for CF on # In mag mode, the FOV is _______. - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ decreased
A patient's radiation dose is (increased or decreased) by ______ times, when switching from a normal 9" mode to a 6" magnification mode. - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ increased by 2.25 times
Formula on handout question 27.b
- kVp is automatically increased
- the area used for the output phosphor is decreased - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ 2 (T/F) a warped image occurs due to the curvature of the input phosphor. This is called pincushion distortion - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ True
Veiling glare (increases or decreases) contrast because of light scatter in the image intensifier and an increased "background signal". - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Decreases
(T/F) the circuit that interfaces with the x-ray generator to adjust the kVp and mA:
- is known as Automatic Brightness Control, Automatic Exposure Control or Automatic Exposure Rate Control (T or F)
- keeps the light output constant and stable to the II output phosphor (T or F) - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Both True
Radiation not serving any useful purpose that combines both leakage and scatter radiation is called: - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ secondary radiation
A raster patter is a TV scanning pattern that scans in a series of (horizontal or vertical) scan lines - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Horizontal
Flicker in the television picture is avoided by:
- using interlaced scanning
- synchronizing the video signal between the camera and the monitor
- scanning the odd lines, then the even lines
- all of the above - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ 4) all of the above
Grid ratios are generally (higher or lower) with fluoroscopy units as compared to general diagnostic table grid ratios - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Lower
(T/F) Cine films sizes include 16 mm, 35 mm, and 70 mm. - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ false, 70 mm is for spot film
(T/F) patient exposure in cinefluorography is greater than exposure received with other recording systems such as videotape recording. - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ True
(T/F) HLC is a type of fluoroscopy is used for cardiography and interventional radiography. - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ True
(T/F) An audible signal must be heard when the high level boost is "on". - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ True A dead pixel appears as a _________ on an image intensified fluoroscopic image on the video monitor - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Black spot
Under what conditions should an unexposed border be visible on the image receptor?
- (T/F) for automatic collimating devices it should be visible at all heights above the tabletop.
- (T/F) when the screen carriage is positioned 14" above the tabletop and collimators are fully open. - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Both True The intensity of the x-ray beam at the tabletop of a fluoroscope should not exceed ______ of operating tube current at a setting of 80 kVp - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ 2.2 rads/min for each mA
Gray (Gy) calculation: - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ mA x Gy/mA-min x minutes of exposure How do you convert from Gy to rads? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Gy x 100 ex. 0.264 Gy= 26.4 Rads the source-to-skin for mobile fluoroscopy units requires a minimum distance of ______cm or ______ inches - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ 30 cm; 12 inches
During mobile fluoro, the max permissible dose rate of ____ rads/ minute may not be exceeded at 30 cm from the input surface of the fluoroscopic image assembly - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ 5 rads/minute
(T/F) When mobile equipment is routinely used in operating rooms in a fixed location, appropriate structural shielding must be provided for these room. - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ true Which of the following statements concerning the spacer on mobile fluoroscopic equipment are correct?
- functions as a lock
- it should never be removed
- at every facility where they use fluoro equipment - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ 3 only
(T/F) Radiographers may use fluoro equipment only under the supervision of a Fluoroscopy Supervisor and Operator. - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ True Using fluoroscopy to position patients prior to taking routine radiographic films is______ by the State of California, Radiologic Health Branch - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Prohibited (T/F) Persons who have been instructed in the safe operation of fluoroscopic equipment must demonstrate competency at their place of employment before they can operate fluoro equipment - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ True
Radiologists must hold: - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Radiology supervisor and operator license Physicians must hold: - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Fluoroscopy supervisor and operator license (directly/ indirectly) Fluoroscopic x-ray output, and patient dose, is _______ proportional to the mA used. - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ directly
Tube current for regular, non-digital fluoroscopy typically ranges between ___ to___ mA. - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ 1.0 - 5.0 mA
During non-digital spot filming, the mA utilized is typically: - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ Over 100 mA During digital spot filming, the mA utilized is typically between ___ to ___ mA: - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ 1-100 mA
As field of view is reduced with tighter collimation,
- image will become brighter
- image will not become brighter
- image quality will be improved
- image quality will be reduced - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ 2 and 3
Fluoroscopic table tilt for fixed units is ____degrees to the upright position and ___ degrees in the Trendelenburg position. - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ 90; 30. The exposure rate measured at the panel or tabletop shall be as low as practicable and may not exceed ____ rads per minute. This converts to _____ Gyt.
- Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ 5 rads ; .05 Gyt
Which of the following are true?
- x-ray tube may be energized by removing the interlocking mechanism
- the fluoroscopic tube can be energized when in the parked position
- Must be interlocked in order for the fluoroscopic tube to be energized
- none of the above are true - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ 3. Must be interlocked in order for the fluoroscopic tube to be energized Fluoroscopic exposures should be "on" and then "off" as compared to a "continuous on" time as doubling the exposure time will (increase, double, or triple) radiation dose to the patient and operator. - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ double
The bucky slot cover and protective curtains/drapes must have a minimum of ______ mm of _______ equivalency for adequate protection - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ 0.25 mm; Lead
The cumulative manual-reset timer may not exceed _______ minutes - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ 5
(T/F) When the fluoroscopic time has exceeded a predetermined time, the cumulative manual-reset timer must produce an audible signal and interrupt the x-ray beam - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ TRUE
Excessive lighting in the fluoro room:
- helps perceive dim images brighter
- may result in an increase in technical factors
- enhances visualization of the black and white TV images
- helps properly adjust the overall luminescence of the TV image - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ 2. an increase in technical factors
Which of the following can adjust the mottle level of an image?
- changing mA
- changing kVp
- changing exposure factors
- increasing the number of available photons - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ ALL OF THEM
What is the brightness gain of an Image intensifier that has a 14 inch input phosphor, a standard image intensifier and a flux gain of 100? - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ 19,600 brightness gain.
Formula on # Brightness gain ________ image intensity and quality as the tube ages. - Correct Answer ✔️ ✔️ diminishes
