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Using fluoroscopy to position patients prior to taking routine radiographic films is______ by the State of California, Radiologic Health Branch - correct answer ✅Prohibited (T/F) Persons who have been instructed in the safe operation of fluoroscopic equipment must demonstrate competency at their place of employment before they can operate fluoro equipment - correct answer ✅True Radiologists must hold: - correct answer ✅Radiology supervisor and operator license Physicians must hold: - correct answer ✅Fluoroscopy supervisor and operator license (directly/ indirectly) Fluoroscopic x-ray output, and patient dose, is _______ proportional to the mA used. - correct answer ✅directly
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Tube current for regular, non-digital fluoroscopy typically ranges between ___ to___ mA. - correct answer ✅1.0 - 5.0 mA During non-digital spot filming, the mA utilized is typically: - correct answer ✅Over 100 mA During digital spot filming, the mA utilized is typically between ___ to ___ mA: - correct answer ✅1-100 mA As field of view is reduced with tighter collimation,
- image will become brighter
- image will not become brighter
- image quality will be improved
- image quality will be reduced - correct answer ✅2 and 3 Fluoroscopic table tilt for fixed units is ____degrees to the upright position and ___ degrees in the
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- can be operated by the foot switch - correct answer ✅2 and 3 The blurring of the image as the fluoroscopic camera is moved rapidly during a procedure is called _________
correct answer ✅Tube Lag A fall-off in brightness at the periphery (edges) of an image is called: - correct answer ✅vignetting Which of the following are true?
- x-ray tube may be energized by removing the interlocking mechanism
- the fluoroscopic tube can be energized when in the parked position
- Must be interlocked in order for the fluoroscopic tube to be energized
- none of the above are true - correct answer ✅3. Must be interlocked in order for the fluoroscopic tube to be energized
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Fluoroscopic exposures should be "on" and then "off" as compared to a "continuous on" time as doubling the exposure time will (increase, double, or triple) radiation dose to the patient and operator. - correct answer ✅double The bucky slot cover and protective curtains/drapes must have a minimum of ______ mm of _______ equivalency for adequate protection - correct answer ✅0.25 mm; Lead The cumulative manual-reset timer may not exceed _______ minutes - correct answer ✅ 5 (T/F) When the fluoroscopic time has exceeded a predetermined time, the cumulative manual-reset timer must produce an audible signal and interrupt the x-ray beam - correct answer ✅TRUE Excessive lighting in the fluoro room:
- helps perceive dim images brighter
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output phosphor - correct answer ✅1 to 2 inch The electrons in the II tube are sped up by: - correct answer ✅the anode The anode maintains a high potential difference of about: - correct answer ✅25,000 volts (or 25 kVp) The increased brightness of the output phosphor is due to which of the following?
- flux gain
- minification gain
- smaller size of the output phosphor
- additional energy of the electrons when they are sped in up in the II tube - correct answer ✅ALL OF THEM What is the brightness gain of an Image intensifier that has a 14 inch input phosphor, a standard image
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intensifier and a flux gain of 100? - correct answer ✅19,600 brightness gain. Formula on # Brightness gain ________ image intensity and quality as the tube ages. - correct answer ✅diminishes The newer term for brightness gain is _______ which measures image intensifier performance. - correct answer ✅Conversion Factor (CF) formula for CF on # In mag mode, the FOV is _______. - correct answer ✅decreased A patient's radiation dose is (increased or decreased) by ______ times, when switching from a normal 9" mode to a 6" magnification mode. - correct answer ✅increased by 2.25 times
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lower overall quality - correct answer ✅True Which of the following statements concerning a dual mode unit in the 6 inch mode with ABC/AEC/AERC are true?
- patient dose is reduced
- has a reduced flux gain
- kVp is automatically increased
- the area used for the output phosphor is decreased
correct answer ✅ 2 (T/F) a warped image occurs due to the curvature of the input phosphor. This is called pincushion distortion
correct answer ✅True Veiling glare (increases or decreases) contrast because of light scatter in the image intensifier and an increased "background signal". - correct answer ✅Decreases
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(T/F) the circuit that interfaces with the x-ray generator to adjust the kVp and mA:
- is known as Automatic Brightness Control, Automatic Exposure Control or Automatic Exposure Rate Control (T or F)
- keeps the light output constant and stable to the II output phosphor (T or F) - correct answer ✅Both True Radiation not serving any useful purpose that combines both leakage and scatter radiation is called:
correct answer ✅secondary radiation A raster patter is a TV scanning pattern that scans in a series of (horizontal or vertical) scan lines - correct answer ✅Horizontal Flicker in the television picture is avoided by:
- using interlaced scanning
- synchronizing the video signal between the camera and the monitor
- scanning the odd lines, then the even lines
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Which of the following are characteristics of Charge- coupled Devices (CCD's):
- have replaced traditional video camera tubes in modern fluoroscopy units
- useful in high speed imaging which eliminates lag
- solid state technology which lowers power consumption
- useful in cardiac imaging - correct answer ✅ALL OF THEM Pulsed fluoroscopy uses short bursts of radiation (< msec or less) to significantly (increase, reduce) exposure to the patient and personnel in the x-ray room. - correct answer ✅Reduce Radiation dose may be changed by ____% when switching from the continuous fluoroscopy mode to pulsed mode - correct answer ✅22%
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With HLC, the max tabletop dose rate for high-level fluoroscopy is ___rads per minute when not using recording devices. - correct answer ✅20 rads (T/F) HLC is a type of fluoroscopy is used for cardiography and interventional radiography. - correct answer ✅True (T/F) An audible signal must be heard when the high level boost is "on". - correct answer ✅True A dead pixel appears as a _________ on an image intensified fluoroscopic image on the video monitor - correct answer ✅Black spot Under what conditions should an unexposed border be visible on the image receptor?
- (T/F) for automatic collimating devices it should be visible at all heights above the tabletop.
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During mobile fluoro, the max permissible dose rate of ____ rads/ minute may not be exceeded at 30 cm from the input surface of the fluoroscopic image assembly - correct answer ✅5 rads/minute (T/F) When mobile equipment is routinely used in operating rooms in a fixed location, appropriate structural shielding must be provided for these room. - correct answer ✅true Which of the following statements concerning the spacer on mobile fluoroscopic equipment are correct?
- functions as a lock
- it should never be removed
- it is used to maintain the correct 12" source-to-skin distance - correct answer ✅2 and 3 are true. All individuals below are authorized to operate fluoroscopy equipment on human beings in California:
- Licentiates (physicians) who possess a valid Radiology Supervisor and Operator certificate (radiologist)
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- Licentiates (physicians) who possess a valid Fluoroscopy Supervisor & Operator certificate (orthopedist, cardiologist, etc.)
- CRTs who hold a valid Fluoroscopy Permit
- Limited permit x-ray techs - correct answer ✅1,2, and 3 Individuals who hold fluoroscopy permits are required to provide their certification document to their employer:
- at every facility where they are employed, even if no fluoro unit is available at the site
- are required to visually display the original permit/certificate in full public view
- at every facility where they use fluoro equipment - correct answer ✅3 only (T/F) Radiographers may use fluoro equipment only under the supervision of a Fluoroscopy Supervisor and Operator. - correct answer ✅True
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Which records must be kept for x-ray machines?
- when a new machine is acquired
- when a machine is transferred or sold
- when a machine is destroyed or disposed of
- each required calibration, survey and test - correct answer ✅ALL OF THEM Individual dosimetry records for occupational workers must be kept:
- for one year
- for three years
- indefinitely
- for the length of a person's employment or education - correct answer ✅3. indefinitely A fluoro permit renewal must be filed _____ days prior to the noted expiration date - correct answer ✅ 30
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What is a radiation safety officer (RSO)? - correct answer ✅officer responsible for safe use of radiation and regulatory compliance (T/F) X-ray tube housing must be of a "diagnostic" type and provide leakage radiation at < mRads/hour at 1 meter. - correct answer ✅True (T/F) The fluoroscopy supervisor shall document, in writing, clinical training completion documents to all certified radiologic technologists in California who have successfully completed the competency based clinical education for the facility where they utilize fluoroscopy - correct answer ✅True The time required by the eye for recognition of an image is called __________ time. This time equals _____seconds - correct answer ✅integration ; 0. Conventional (older) fluoroscopy uses __________ or night vision while image intensified fluoroscopy uses
