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LESSON PLAN: LESSON 1.1 – FORCES AND MOTION Page 1 of 6
ENERGY FUNDAMENTALS – LESSON PLAN 1.
Forces and Motion This lesson is designed for 3rd (public, private, STEM schools, – and 5th grade students in a variety of school settings home schools) in the seven states served by local power companies and the Tennessee Valley Authority. Community H, after school programs, and others) are encouraged to use it as well. This is one groups (Scouts, 4- lesson from a three informed view of energy. As their understanding of energy grows-part series designed to give students an age-, it will enaappropriate,ble them to make informed decisions as good citizens or civic leaders. This lesson plan is suitable for all adapted to meet a variety of class sizes, student skill levels types of educational settings., and time requirements. Each lesson can be Setting Lesson Plan Selections Recommended for Use Smaller class size, higher student ability, and /or longer class length
The “Modeling” Section contains teaching content.While in class, students can do “Guided Practice,” complete the “ might select from “Other ResourcesRecommended Item(s)” and any additional guided practice items the teacher.” NOTE: Some lesson plans do and some do not contain “Other ResourcesAt home or on their own in class, students can do “Independent Practice,”.” complete the items the teacher selects from “Other Resources” (if provided in the plan) “Recommended Item(s)” and any additional independent practice. Average class size,student ability, and class length
The “Modeling” Section contains teaching content.While in class, students complete “Recommended Item(s)” from “Guided PracticeAt home or o” section.n their own in class, students complete “Recommended Item(s)” from “Independent Practice” section. Larger class size, lower student ability, and/or shorter class length
The “ModelAt home or ing” Section contains teaching content.on their own in class, students complete “Recommended Item(s)” from “Independent Practice” section. Electrical Safety Reminder: an adult should be present when any recommended activities or worksheets are being completed at Teachers should remind students that electricity is dangerous and that home. Always obey instructions on warning labels and ensure one has dry hands when touch electronics or appliances. ing
Public School System Teaching Standards Covered State Science Standards AL GLE 3.4.1GA S4P3 4 th 3 rd KY SC-P-ET-U-1MS GLE 10.a 5 th 3 rd NC 3.P.1NC 5.P.1 35 rdth VA 3.2 3 rd Common Core Language Arts/Reading KY 3.RI.1,2, and 8AL RI.3.1 and 2 3 rd 3 rd GA ELA.CC4.RI.1,2,and 8 4 th CCR.R.10 5Integration andth Knowledge of Ideas-Cluster 7, 8, 9 NC 5Key Ideas and Details-th Cluster 1,2, 3 NC 3rd Common Core Mathematics 3.OA.A.3-Al, KY, NC4.OA.A.3-GA 4 th 3 rd
Performance Objectives
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
Describe force.
Understand and describe types of forces, including gravitational
force and frictional force.
I. Anticipatory Set (Attention Grabber) Essential Question How do objects move? Videos Forces and Motion Video (1 min 27 seconds): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MztWyY9z1jY Force and Motion Video (3 min 53 seconds) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8iKhLGK7HGk Energy and Work Videos (many to choose from): http://www.neok12.com/Energy-and-Work.htm
II. Modeling (Concepts to Teach) Additional Information http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Physics-Tutorial/Newton-s-Laws Forces A force is defined as a push or pull. When a person writes, for example, he or she exerts a force on the pencil because the person is pushing or pulling it across the paper. Two equal forces acting in the same direction If two people are pushing a table across the floor in the same direction, the two forces are added together. Adding these two forces together is called the net force. In the case of the two people pushing the table, the net force is unbalanced. When there is an unbalanced force there is a force that changes an object’s motion or causes it to
LESSON PLAN: LESSON 1.1 – FORCES AND MOTION Page 2 of 6
SEPARATE FORCES NET FORCE
LESSON PLAN: LESSON 1.1 – FORCES AND MOTION Page 4 of 6
acceleration , when an object decreases its speed/direction (velocity) it is called deceleration. Measuring Forces Forces can be measured using a spring scale (force meter). Spring scales contain a spring connected to a metal hook. The spring stretches when a force is applied to the hook. The bigger the force applied, the longer the spring stretches, thereby resulting in a larger reading. The unit of force is called the Newton , and it has the symbol N. So
*Gravitational Force The force of gravity is a result of a massively large object, such as the earth or moon, attracting to it other objects that have mass. By definition, an object’s weight is due to the impact of gravitational force. This is NOT to be confused with an object’s mass or size. An object’s weight changes depending on the gravitational pull exerted on it. A person’s weight on the moon is less than their weight on Earth because the moon is less massive and exerts less gravitational force. Their mass, however, never changes.
Fgrav = m * g where g = 9.8 N/kg (on Earth) and m = mass (in kg)
*Frictional Force Friction is the name given to the force that acts between materials that are moving past each other. Friction happens because of irregularities in the surfaces of sliding objects. Some surfaces have more irregularities than others and therefore cause more friction when objects slide over them. The friction force works against the applied force and must be overcome in order to move an object from rest. In addition, the friction force also slows a moving object so that it will eventually come to rest. If friction were absent, a ball moving horizontally would move forever.
FORCE METERS
REMEMBER What is an unbalanced force? What is a unit of force called? How is force measured? (Class discussion) UNDERSTAND Explain force using your own words. (Class discussion) APPLY Apply your knowledge of a decelerates. (Class discussion)^ force and explain how something moves, accelerates, and ANALYZE Explain an unbalanced force. What is the result of a force being applied to an object? What kind of force creates a net force? (Class discussion) EVALUATE How must our force overcome frictional force to create a net force? (Class discussion) CREATE How would you create movement? (Class discussion)
LESSON PLAN: LESSON 1.1 – FORCES AND MOTION Page 5 of 6
100 N is a bigger force than 5 N.
III. Checking for Understanding
Teachers can ask students these questions to determine understanding of concepts. IV. Guided Practice Ideas Recommended Items Newton’s First Law Using Balls (see below) Experiments Newton’s First Law of Motion Experiment Using Balls : http://www.metrofamilymagazine.com/July- 2012/Simple-Science-Experiments-Newtons-First-Law-of-Motion/ Games Forces in Action Game: http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks2/science/physical_processes/forces_action/play/ Activity Rolling a Ball: Teachers ask students to apply force to ball, putting ball into motion. Teachers start a game of tug-of-war and add students on each side to help demonstrate pull force and net force. Practice that uses math/reading standards: Math: Equation for force (Force = Mass x Acceleration) http://www.softschools.com/quizzes/science/force_mass_acceleration/quiz389.html
WORKSHEET FOR FORCES AND MOTION LESSON 1.
Find Push & Pull Forces at Home Objective: Students will be able to understand and describe force, acceleration, and deceleration.
1. What types of forces can be used to open your bedroom door? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ **2. Draw and label an example of a force being applied to push an object (use arrows to explain howforce is moving):
- Draw and label an example of a force being applied to pull an object (use arrows to explain how forceis moving):**
WORKSHEET: FIND PUSH & PULL FORCES AT HOME (FOR LESSON 1.1 FORCES AND MOTION) Page 1 of 2
NAME: _______________________
4. Explain the difference betweenacceleration anddeceleration. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ **_______________________________________________________________________________________
- How does friction interact with objects?** _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________
WORKSHEET: FIND PUSH & PULL FORCES AT HOME (FOR LESSON 1.1 FORCES AND MOTION) Page 2 of 2
ANSWER KEY FOR WORKSHEET: FIND PUSH & PULL FORCES AT HOME
1. What types of forces can be used to open your bedroom door? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Draw and label an example of a force being applied to push an object (use arrows to explain howforce is moving):
Example
3. Draw and label an example of a force being applied to pull an object (use arrows to explain how forceis moving):
Example
4. Explain the difference between acceleration and deceleration. **_________________________________________________________________________________
- How does friction interact with objects?**
_________________________________________________________________________________
Ex. Pull the handle to open the door or push the door open.
ANSWER KEY FOR FIND PUSH & PULL FORCES AT HOME WORKSHEET FOR LESSON 1.1 Page 1 of 1
Ex. Friction works against the applied force and must be overcome in order to move an object at rest.
Ex. Acceleration = object increases its velocity; Deceleration = object decreases its velocity
