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NewtonDesk . com e———— “<< Name + Representation + Values : Hock GuorE: 6. @SX10 2" Ts Chongenericlectron__.@= Vco2rx1o ce Peemitivityepiyacuuny—-€.= 8.25 x10? CNTs ferimenbility of wacwums —- Mo= un x10" NN /Ar KeUlomb'siconstant—- K = Vune, =4x1oINm*/c%s Foradeynesnstant? ——F =qcuescjmo)> IMASS oP TAMTRIECHOAT——-me = 9.1 x10 kg y? ag 6126 XK 10" 27 kg IMoSSTSPIO NeWEONG ——- My = 1.6744 X10727 kg ® (Atomic mass unit} ss y= = 66 x{o2! Ky o— &, [Prcornicemaoss WAIT WH MeVE our = 931.49 Mev [c2 [Stephan- Boltzmann const.) .o- = ark b wine et ‘i e (Ryaberg Constant) R= 1.097 X10'my! © é © |Gohrimaeten) __. p&y = 9.27 x10" T/T) spr @ (Bohr Reais} —_____.9,=0.529 X10 om & A) @ (Speed of light} sac . 3x10% m/s o~ HA {Se @ Cue aay @ Electric Field: re @ Electric Potential: wor) = are m3 (scalar Quantity J] @ Electrostatic Energy. Y--1 ad [atcreichive force ] ie UNEo @ Electric Dipole Moment : pee os aa “4 e- = fe > iy @ Potential of. o Dipole: Nr) = a pt pCosg pee (small elipole ) 4NEo Se VUr) TD. H@@e +H H®e@eo He 4 - Slabs in parallel : Ceq = Sef". + Az ka) Parallel . Steady State: t20o Vo = & =Imale © CeO ec @©eooe HE Isolated Spherical Capacitor: C= 4néeR + —w . Cylindrical capacitor: C= 2NGol + | 4 pa bn(re [n) z Energy Stored in Capacitor. y = $Qv= SO Go p RST Capacitance of ppc in medium: ¢ = kKesAld Kz dielectric const. Combination of Capacitors : CG Ceq Series combination? = Fifty om os 7 wile Shae ter Cea at NSY c farallel combination: Nope t th = les . e 4S Force between plates of parllel plate'C': fi i bed Energy density in field E: U/y = +€0 €% gangs Capacitors with more than one Dielectric Slabs: aly | he Slabs in Series”: Coa e Es Ret Series a. - 2. ti Ny <— aA £ = equivalent : oe re ie As : K free Space of adtelechic Az Charging and discharging ofa Capacitor ‘ SBE von Desk. come Charging Equation: Ve = V/e = e(1-€ tRC) Time constant T= Real. Discharging eq) + vy. = % ~tiRe EOE c= Smee” Girrent: I= ae = Nenva Current density: j= Tiqo=c€ = Neva [Naz drift velo.] iF speed: vq -eBt = Be P : ie nea Resistance of a wire. R = {2 = OG ‘ € Specific resistance or Resistivity: f= «m= + conductivity ofawire: g = (Ne*T)/m. Temperature dependence of Resistance: R= Ro (1+ XAT ) of Resistivity. S= fo (14+ x aT) X= Temperature. coeff, Ohm's Law: Ver or V=1R + General form Microscopic form: Ji Eo eNewtonDesk. come q. e ee w. W. H@® @C8©0COFHOH HO Kirchhoff's Lows: Tivo laws : The junction Law: Dincaeet =o or Tincoming = Loutgoing The Woop lauds Diigop AVI =O oF Potential gain = Potential loss Combinations of Resistance in circuits: oon es Series combination : Req = Ry tRo We Parallel combination: 1 2 1 44 ANA Req Ry AD “R Electric Power: P = y2R = Vig = ty “ st Heat dissipated or Transferred: H = pt = I2Rt =V7tig = VI+ Electromotive Force (EMF) : In dosed ckt : Veuttery = © - TT internat wheat stone Bridge. Ri Ra Balancing condition: Poe Re 20 Ro Ry R3 Ry = Conversions of Galvano meter : dda As an Ammeter : hee re fl Y > ++ -L@—__— a ee eae lg G = (1-tg)S ' 5 \ tei WWh—_@p—$ 1 t ane eee es : As 4 Voltmeter: = ae Voltmeter Vag = ly (R+G) Newton Desk .com > Rei . ees Pelher Heat eltier Effect. emf e ae - reed Seeback Effect : ~—>Newton Desk. com & Mermo-fm: e=aT+tb1? fe 1. Thermoelectric P: de ~ q4 oT aT Neutral Heme Tyee ou Inversion Temp: Ti = -201b % T @ | Thornson Effect. e= au =o AT a4 @ @ ts Hi. I. faraday's Law of Electtolysis : mass deposit m = Wik = 7 eat ZL = dechochemjcal equivalent.5 E= chemical equivalent . Meter Bridge: wheatstone bridge principle. Zero deflection | balancing condition: X = RL / ) Potentiometer : ae Potential gradient of meter V = (2) i EMF of unknown ckt: E =(ue\* 5 sa a Internal resistance of reR (h 4 ') ankasin 7 battery in unknown cht: NewtonDesk-com @ Motion of charge In Magnetic field » I. Straight tine: widens: “VxB=0 or ViiR v TL. Uniform circular motion: r= ge for Vie Ogg W. Helicalpacthi(shown)2 rm v. ‘ = nM ae B Pacth-(shown) + 1. Oe ag ae rth > Pitch; P= Vu e ~ NewtonDesk. com @ Alternating current : T= To tinwt+o) ; w= 2H /T @ Aiternating Voltage? v= Vo sin (wt+ ~) > w= WT @ Average current in Re: Pa siaeypeee Cy voltage average: Yo aT i Me ae 8 r) WT & @ tHaif average voluues : Lo-T/2 5 half ycle} i T. (gERERES: Ly, = 210 (ae Sean's . Te MOORE? Vay = ovefRyib 01637 Vo L @ Root Mean Square value: a— : : I, Citrrentprisy Tims = To lps = 0-JotTs ee es DL. Voltage PMS: Vis = Vols =0:70T Vo @NewtonDesk.com > 2 @ Energy dissipated across’ in ACciramit: = Inms AT @ Energy loss across Gpaciter and Inductor: Ec = £,-0. [stored ) @ Reactance Cequivalent Resistance) » I. Gopacitive Reactence » Xe= ie -«sL. Undluctive Reactances x, = wl @ Impedance ( equivalent resistance of circuit)’ B = €/1 @ Phase of current and voltage in phasor Dingram: ,. caps cure j V © Ahead Potential T. for Gopacitor : >. =+Ki2 Kee 90° tT. For Inductor: , =-n/o + at >—>V , ‘q0° Ne Go" IR I. for Resistor : bp = 0 : @ Copacitive circuit (R-C) Series : eee I. Current’. I.= Lo sit +p) : 1 te | Ve T. Potential: V = Vo sinwt 5 where D ia re ‘ pe o No = Te [Roa V=Vo Sigurt Valo ; = z A BEF No 3 Te Ir. ‘Phase é tan Crags WL. 'Tinpedance: z Me = [Re @ Inductive circuit CA-L) Series: x * Le current HL as CoS Wt ATCA) TD. Volkage: v= Vo costot +6) — vit) where , Noiseds R24 w uz WH Phase ~ p= tan! (Bb) beeen neste (ds @ ick circuit (series): Lee 3. eGieeeite? T = I, cosut até) ave) Be Inductive’ okt? XL > Xc OS) TL) Resonance condition? current: T= Vo Sin (wt) i= ee = | () Impedance: Z = R © Phase: 9= 0° \ Sa 1 | @ Tronsformer : Mutual Incducton ¢ Ny - No poF tan Ce oa Chet lo ) a of &M waves in Vacuum 2c = i Angles q 2t= Lr SCOSFKHOSOCOHHOCOHHOFHOHHES enne Uy Newton Des i com - 8 Point source ! Spherical waveform eee Line Source: Cylindtical woueform cae ek cos . Source ak c+: Plane Paralle| waveform TOYS Hun gen's law. Every point on wovefront is Source for secondary wae front . = 7 IN R lows of reflection of Light > Two Vaws > CS Incident , Normal and Reflected rays Ue on same plane . Plane mirror: Tes a ss distance of object and image: W=y C oS Hoe Type + Image type is virbial, erect ee Spherical mirrors : Rocius of curvature ‘Rie Concave Mirror: £ = - Ajo Re \ t +R) Convex Mirror: f= + Ajo <-f Lo PoE Mirror Equation : beard Sencane. Comes. Magnification i Spherical mirrors; M=-Vi/u = bt/h, Tmoge type in cpherical mirrors: UW = negative always. Real: v o Enlarged: hi >he ikea hi Dm =(4-1)A SIN TAIZ Graph of Deviection ‘p' and angie*t’ Maximum Deviation? for Grazing incidence Dei or grazing emergence .—£'L= Fo* or ce =qGo" Dispersion through © Prism: Mred & Mviclet Dispersion angle: = Dy-Dy = (My -MryA [Dv > Dr] Angle of mean Deviation: Dm = Dut Dr = (Hutte -1) 4 Dispersive power of glass: P _ (Av- Lin) 4 Combination of Prisms: (Hetle _ 4) ombination Tisms* Achromatic Combination: Condition! $,= >, eNewtonDesk. come Net deviation: D = Dm, - Dmg Non- devioction of Direct = vision Combinatsn? condition. Dm, =Dm. Net angle of dispersion: gb = b,- b> trol: Refraction fold spherical Surfaces: s tcf a EB. Magnifiation: Len f VER (OR et: = _ oh siaenanstimames - Case, «] a rie Apporant Shift due to medium: x= + (1- Ho |p) XO + Shifted OW Oe from observer T. X20: Towards observer. Displacement of lens Method : Object - screen fixed ot'D. . Focal length of lens: £ = abinal ee LL = Shift of lens] 4D Combinations of lenses and mirrors: 3°¢-rnagso +E0ze sg) a ses f lenses with minor tks ge 2% ers a) ae ON OOXO : UML. Ratio of Maximum and Minimum Amplitude : fe = @ Fresnel's Biprism : — ' ‘ Pepa i. Fringe width: a i IL. Source distance 'd’: o = 2a(u-loc Serntd W. Deviation: & = (u-1)6 8 Tw. Interference’ Condition : eae aa ={ NA construchve ; st | 2nK constructive (Mt) A destructive (QNH)N Destructive @ Lloyd's Mirror Experiment : Newton Desk. come S Fringe width: uo = BA $ A Interference condition? jee Soa) Seen ees | nA destruchve D >| we (N=$)A_ constructive e NewtonDesk. com @ Diffraction from single sUt of 'b! width: | 6 NY MAMA! bsiNe ~ bE/py = NA b alee @ Resolution: sine = 122A/b @ Malus law: x = To tos2a <—p UI : ; mM ~~ ove? @ Motion of fluid drops under gravity & viscocity: @ ili ratio of electean: © = Ee es Newton Desk. Come T. Stoke's force. — = STN Ny T under qrauity : CRNA HSE TM. (Buoyant force by air on drop: B= A rs (d=4)¢- @ Photoelectric Effect : @ DeBroalie wavelength: I. | Photon's Energy: E=hv =he/A Azh/p I. Photen's Momentum: pahia = b/¢ TM. ;Maximurn K-E: of Ejected Photo- electron: Kmax = hv - >= eV, DL. Threshold frequency in’ PE ejection: Y= fh ve wt NX. Stopping Potential : Vo = he (+) -~$ gi? @ Effect on the current by: - ° -4,| “b/c YA T. Intensity: ( o¢ Intensity L ae € t TE. Potential’: as vt; it t Tr. Frequent: Lmaoc f* oA Wa Tit, freq t 5 Vo decreases Wa Wee V ve 0 ve He 4H FH A oO Ces OCHA HORE H Number of Photoelechons emitted! persecond: IA yx - efficiency of plate A: Area of plate AP 00 T : Intensity of light T= P/ume> Ri Plate- Source diistane Radiation Pressure: p= - a + : Perfectly” Absorbing sur face Perfect lect : 2) i erf y reflecting Surface : Prog = 22 Rutherford's Model (Geiger- Marsden): Impact Parameter eee aS Cot & = ie cot 2 © Newton Decl. come 0 eh Bosc 8 © Cos(O/2.) _ Minimunn distance: of Approach: "min = Sir Bohr'’s Atomic Model for one-electron species: Radius of Bohr eorbit: ry = _n2h? = 0.53 4x kK Me C72 : . ty. Mlle ie i Velocity inte nt Bohr Orbit > Vn = aske zs TP ms Energy inn: Bohroorbit’: En = “an ometiz’ = ~18.6 22 Mato gute 1. n Energy differenceia ni=ns orbits: AE = 2,1¢ x10 %72 i a) T es Sifebecccl. also, = Z(t, ni ) [a~atsal Binding Energy : BEn = - en = 13 6. ZF ev Lonisation Energy: Te, =-E, = 136 22 eV = 218KI0#22.5 No. of Spectral lines? 9.40%): No.of Lines = (92-4) Cnn) Atomic Line Spectrum : . ‘Lyman RSE Npe 1 TU. Balmer Series: n,= 2 Paschen Series n, = 3. W. Brackett-series: n, = 4 PfundSeriesS:: ny = 5 QA: NAV 5 Bs Nees, Quomization of Angatlor Momentum: t= nh Photon Energy in. state transition: _ - Emission of Photon: €,-€,= hv E2 hv hv Ep Absorption of Photon? Ag = hv g, [= oe = X-ray Spectrum + Amin = be cgapeer eee Moseley's law: We = a(Z-b) ke X-ray Diffraction: 2d sine = nA Heisenberg Uncertainty principle: Ap Ax > .b = —— oe, , W. No. of Nuclei decayed til y's W=No(I- © wr Probability of Survival’ of Nucleus » ees Ne Se a 2s = SUL Probability a Disintegration of Nuclei : Paes Ni ENE Re a VS at No Classi ficaHon on the. basis of Conductivi Metods /candiets ts’: Se ae io 2m 3 Semiconductors: P~ j9- Band gap in different materials: Metals : Ey = Ces EW ~ dev Cor @ ce Tv Ww. @ LT. 1. ® ty eNewtonDes k. come =At x Ps & ° fo a 4 pea a ee fa iy — TH 107-108 Sm! - 106 QM, GR Jo®= 1078 sm vs o) \ T ‘Uletors : i & (o's io! Epis vom ane ae 10" Sayenive mo overlapping bands } Semi-Condictors : Eq <3eV IL. Insulators: Eg > eV Intrinsic Semiconductors: Ne =Ny,= N; > T= Tetty AE T= OK 2 nj =05 T=0 5 Cinswhtor- Ukel Extrinsic Semiconductors : N- type semiconductors: Ne >> Ny, } eq wlibdum concentraton: @ De I. P-type Semiconoluctore: Ny >> Ne = Nye @ P-n janction Diode: py Ns ener HMA) pest I. forward Bigg: + ——Pt-—- : Limit T= Ts (exp (vel QVr) - 1) o OM 4 | ce y IL. Revetse Bias: --—}>}—-+ 5 Ne 4 Vr = Ket / rea 8 enn i. cen —— ee lh fas ie f f Slope = 1 TT. fotential barrier ak pn junct”: 8 : eG Vo= KT tose (3a Ne He Ne) : (Ha) . Number density of tntrinsic carriers : Ni = nye Pal2kT @ Electrical conductivity of Extrinsic se: T= " = (Ne Me +, Mh) @ Conductivity of Intrinsic semiconductor: or = en (Me +Mh) @ Mobility of electrons and holes: Hes, = etacn” @ Variation with temperature : 1. concentration! n= AT? € 5 ©3/2kT I. Mobility: WoST"™ (Ger merce ,2-5 : Si] ho= het \ H@ HOHE HHeHevv vv VV vv vH @ 6 P-n JuNCtion Diode as a Rectifier ? AC> De converter Half wave Rectifier : VY) = 40.6 Fo Kms outpur current Nolt: Trms user LeOd, 4 Vems= Ye be DC output currenct /Vatge:” WOT lesaek © Tass Tele MESS WV SV. Full wave Rectifier » Maximum Secondary voltage : Ne = {2 Vrms Me Rech fication Efficiency: n= 81.2 Jo ’ Rms Current 5 voltage output i Tems = 22 5 Vems De volues : Dde = 2Tof/q ; Nae = Veja ve Form factor of a Rectifier : £ = Lrms (iE de Hoth wave + f= 1.97 IL. Full wave: Fa 1M Special purpose p-n junction Diodes : Zener diode: Reverse bias; T,=f ~le 3 Vr OS ws 2B Digital Signal: € ca : 5 QntiT ant > OT PENtT/2 NewtonDesk. coms Antenna: Length: ; Hertz Ankenna: L2cA/2 TE Mareoni Antenna) C= 214. Effective Power Radioted by Antenna: pee (L)" Amplitude Modulation: m (4) = Am Sintomt a) Ac sinWwet Amplitude Modutation Index: prs Am | Ae . Mocluloted wave Equation: Cm (t) = (Act Am sinwnt) sinwet tu. Power of AM wave? Carrier: Po =. ae Total: Pe= & (1+) Wr. Current of AM wave: Ty = era & Frequency Modulation : CAG pe SHEE 5 Em (t)= Am sinwmt F#HeeHO ad He aun TD. WV. Modulation Index: mp = Smox _ +kAm [em = an] Sy Pea Vn aa. Modulated wove Equation: £(t)< fo Sin( wet + 6 Sinead) ‘ , “y v e Deviation in Frequency. $= V-Ve = kAm Sinwme. ° Max. Frequency: Vmox= Vet KAm “Max deviation? Sma= i KAm Band width: B = 200m 31 = No of sideband pairs. Demodulat'on of Amplitude Modulated wave : : Te 
