formulas for trig test, Cheat Sheet of Mathematical finance

formuals you may need when taking trig

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2025/2026

Uploaded on 02/11/2026

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TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
Fundamental Identities
tan๐œƒ = sin๐œƒ
cos๐œƒcot๐œƒ = cos๐œƒ
sin๐œƒ
csc๐œƒ = 1
sin๐œƒ sec๐œƒ = 1
cos๐œƒ cot๐œƒ = 1
tan๐œƒ
sin2๐œƒ+cos2๐œƒ =1
1+ tan2๐œƒ = sec2๐œƒ
1+ cot2๐œƒ = csc2๐œƒ
Even-Odd Identities
sin(โˆ’๐œƒ)= โˆ’sin ๐œƒ csc(โˆ’๐œƒ) = โˆ’csc๐œƒ
cos(โˆ’๐œƒ)=cos๐œƒ sec( โˆ’ ๐œƒ) = sec ๐œƒ
tan(โˆ’๐œƒ)= โˆ’tan๐œƒ cot( โˆ’๐œƒ) = โˆ’cot๐œƒ
Sum and Difference Formulas
sin(๐›ผ+๐›ฝ)= sin๐›ผcos๐›ฝ+cos๐›ผsin๐›ฝ
sin(๐›ผโˆ’๐›ฝ)= sin๐›ผcos๐›ฝโˆ’cos๐›ผsin๐›ฝ
cos(๐›ผ+๐›ฝ)=cos๐›ผcos๐›ฝโˆ’ sin๐›ผsin๐›ฝ
cos(๐›ผโˆ’๐›ฝ)=cos๐›ผcos๐›ฝ+ sin๐›ผsin๐›ฝ
tan(๐›ผ+๐›ฝ)=tan๐›ผ+ tan๐›ฝ
1โˆ’ tan๐›ผtan๐›ฝ
tan(๐›ผโˆ’๐›ฝ)=tan๐›ผโˆ’ tan๐›ฝ
1+ tan๐›ผtan๐›ฝ
Cofunction Identities
cos(90ยฐ โˆ’ ๐œƒ) = sin ๐œƒ
sin(90ยฐ โˆ’ ๐œƒ) = cos ๐œƒ
tan(90ยฐ โˆ’ ๐œƒ) = cot ๐œƒ
Double-Angle Formulas
sin(2๐œƒ) = 2 sin ๐œƒ cos ๐œƒ
cos(2๐œƒ) = cos2 ๐œƒ โˆ’ sin2 ๐œƒ
= 2cos2๐œƒ โˆ’1
= 1 โˆ’2sin2๐œƒ
tan(2๐œƒ)=2tan๐œƒ
1โˆ’ tan2๐œƒ

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TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

Fundamental Identities

tan๐œƒ =

sin ๐œƒ

cos ๐œƒ

cot ๐œƒ =

cos ๐œƒ

sin ๐œƒ

csc ๐œƒ =

1

sin ๐œƒ

sec ๐œƒ =

1

cos ๐œƒ

cot ๐œƒ =

1

tan ๐œƒ

sin

2

๐œƒ + cos

2

1 + tan

2

๐œƒ = sec

2

1 + cot

2

๐œƒ = csc

2

Even-Odd Identities

sin

= โˆ’ sin ๐œƒ csc( โˆ’ ๐œƒ) = โˆ’ csc ๐œƒ

cos

= cos ๐œƒ sec( โˆ’ ๐œƒ) = sec ๐œƒ

tan(โˆ’๐œƒ) = โˆ’ tan ๐œƒ cot( โˆ’ ๐œƒ) = โˆ’ cot ๐œƒ

Sum and Difference Formulas

sin

= sin ๐›ผ cos ๐›ฝ + cos ๐›ผ sin ๐›ฝ

sin

= sin ๐›ผ cos ๐›ฝ โˆ’ cos ๐›ผ sin ๐›ฝ

cos

= cos ๐›ผ cos ๐›ฝ โˆ’ sin ๐›ผ sin ๐›ฝ

cos(๐›ผ โˆ’ ๐›ฝ) = cos ๐›ผ cos ๐›ฝ + sin ๐›ผ sin ๐›ฝ

tan

tan ๐›ผ + tan ๐›ฝ

1 โˆ’ tan ๐›ผ tan ๐›ฝ

tan

tan ๐›ผ โˆ’ tan ๐›ฝ

1 + tan ๐›ผ tan ๐›ฝ

Cofunction Identities

cos(90ยฐ โˆ’ ๐œƒ) = sin ๐œƒ

sin(90ยฐ โˆ’ ๐œƒ) = cos ๐œƒ

tan(90ยฐ โˆ’ ๐œƒ) = cot ๐œƒ

Double-Angle Formulas

sin(2๐œƒ) = 2 sin ๐œƒ cos ๐œƒ

cos(2๐œƒ) = cos

2

๐œƒ โˆ’ sin

2

= 2 cos

2

= 1 โˆ’ 2 sin

2

tan( 2 ๐œƒ) =

2 tan ๐œƒ

1 โˆ’ tan

2