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The concepts of historical biogeography, focusing on the fossil record and the assessment of disjunct distributions. It also discusses the importance of systematics and the role of phylogeny in understanding the sources of population and the sequence of separation. Examples of darwin's finches and the vicariance and dispersal models.
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Historical Biogeography:
Fossil Record:
e.g. How assess disjunct distribution?
a) Once widespread, now relictual…
e.g. Tapirs - fossil record shows local extinction
b) Breakup of Gondwanaland...
e.g. Marsupials - S. Am., Aust. Antarctica
Systematics very important when fossil record incomplete (always!)
Errors are common…
e.g. Age/Area Hypothesis:
Centre of Origin = Maximum Diversity
But, Adaptive Radiations
(colonizing spp. adapt to fill niches)
Results in lots of diversity in relatively new arrival
A B C parent pop’n
xyz
x xyz z
x 2 x 1 yz 1 z (^2)
y x 1 x 2 z 1 z (^2)
z y 1 y 2 x 1 x (^2)
e.g. pipid frogs, lungfish
e.g. antbirds, edentates
e.g. mountain lion
e.g. cattle egret
In given env’t, max # spp in a community:
“ evolutionary species equilibrium”
Ecological: tropics aseasonal (?)
niches narrower? high primary productivity more spp. can maintain viable pop’n size
Historical: temperate not recovered from glaciation
not enough time to cold-adapt adaptive requirements limit types of taxa
