Gender Socialization and Learning, Lecture notes of Sociology

The various ways in which gender is learned and reinforced through social interactions, media, toys, clothing, and parental influences. It delves into the differences in aggression, cooperation, developmental vulnerabilities, and mental aptitudes between genders. The document also discusses the concept of the 'culture of poverty' and how it can perpetuate socioeconomic disparities. It provides insights into racial socialization, the history of adoption policies, and the role of education in addressing inequality. A wide range of topics related to gender, socialization, and their impact on learning and development, making it a valuable resource for understanding these complex social dynamics.

Typology: Lecture notes

2024/2025

Available from 09/20/2024

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Learning gender
- Interaction and learning
- Friends
- Education
- Media
- Toys
- Games
- Parents
- Clothing and cultural artifacts
Learning gender through parental interaction
- Gendered parental descriptors
- Sad vs. mad
- Delicate and soft tiger vs. strong and coordinated
- Sweetie vs. tiger
- Rougher play for boy infants
- Girls in certain colors and restrictive outfits
- Domesticity, motherhood, and fashion toys
- More concern for injuries of daughters
Learning difference through clothing
- Problems dressing…
- Fingernails and activities
- Clothing and movements
- Women are powerless, childish, sexual and/ or focus on frivolous concerns
Reinforcing difference
- Women are sexual
- Garter belts
- Lingerie
- Push-up bras
- Thongs
- Daisy duke shorts
- Tube shirts
- Form-fitting pants
Reinforcing difference
- Men have dress shoes
- Women have
- Pumps
- Flats
- Wedges
- Platforms
- Stilettos
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Learning gender

  • Interaction and learning
    • Friends
    • Education
    • Media
    • Toys
    • Games
    • Parents
    • Clothing and cultural artifacts Learning gender through parental interaction
  • Gendered parental descriptors
  • Sad vs. mad
  • Delicate and soft tiger vs. strong and coordinated
  • Sweetie vs. tiger
  • Rougher play for boy infants
  • Girls in certain colors and restrictive outfits
  • Domesticity, motherhood, and fashion toys
  • More concern for injuries of daughters Learning difference through clothing
  • Problems dressing…
  • Fingernails and activities
  • Clothing and movements
  • Women are powerless, childish, sexual and/ or focus on frivolous concerns Reinforcing difference
  • Women are sexual
  • Garter belts
  • Lingerie
  • Push-up bras
  • Thongs
  • Daisy duke shorts
  • Tube shirts
  • Form-fitting pants Reinforcing difference
  • Men have dress shoes
  • Women have
  • Pumps
  • Flats
  • Wedges
  • Platforms
  • Stilettos
  • Men have pants
  • So do women but they also have skirts
    • Minis
    • Mid length
    • Knee length
    • Thigh high
    • Ankle length
  • Men have socks
  • Women too have socks
    • Anklets
    • Thigh highs
    • Pant socks
    • Panty hose
      • Sandal foot
      • Control top Description of sex differences
  • Aggression, verbal and physical
  • Males slightly more
  • Starting at age 2
  • About 5% of the variance
  • Cooperation and compliance
  • Females slightly more (3%)
  • Starting at age 2
  • Developmental vulnerability
  • Males have higher rates of
  • infant mortality
  • Prenatal and perinatal- diseases and disabilities
  • men don't have chromosomal redundancy thus leaving them with more deficits (colourblind) Description of sex differences
  • Activity level:
  • Males greater (starting in infancy)
  • Developmental vulnerability
  • Boys have more
  • Psychological disorders
  • Learning disabilities
  • Speech defects
  • Hyperactivity
  • Emotional problems
  • Mental retardation Differences in mental aptitude
  • 1954 brown vs board of education
  • Today:
    • 66% of black and 70% of latino/a students attend schools that are more than half non white
    • One third of black students attend schools that are 90% non-whites Learning class an interactionist explanation:
  • “Culture of poverty” Oscar lewis 1965
  • There is a self-perpetuating subculture among some poor people that helps trap them in poverty
  • Poor parents impart norms and values that hinder success within the dominant culture
  • Values and norms that are imparted in kids, that hold them back from being successful later on in life
  • The poor are:
  • More permissive in raising their children
  • More fatalistic
  • Fatalism → not your fault, just your fate. Did this to give kids more self esteem.
  • Less likely to defer gratification
  • Less trusting of authority
  • Less likely to be interested in formal education Children aged 5 to 7
  • Moved 3+ times age 0-
  • Not poor: 20%
  • Poor: 28%
  • 4 hours + tv per day
  • Not poor: 15%
  • Poor: 29%
  • Fewer than 10 books
  • Not poor: 5%
  • Poor: 27% Exam 2
  1. Which of the following is true about oscar lewis’s views on the culture of poverty a. Parents of poor children consciously reject and refuse to pass on mainstream values.
  2. The phrase wine, women and song was used to illustrate that when women are thought of, they are often a. Trivialized
  3. To be a “recognized” indian in the united states means that a. there is a formal political relationship between the tribe to which you belong and the U.S.government
  1. The fact that new yorker if often taken to mean jew and urban can mean black, is a reflection of what the author refers to as a. Code words
  2. An example of the process of assimilation would be a. a Mexican immigrant enrolling in English class
  3. The effort to replace such terms as mankind, freshman or chairman to refer people all sexes as human or first year student or chair, reflects what a. The avoidance of exclusive language
  4. The concept that refers to the societal process that creates members whose values, behaviors, attitudes and perceptions correspond to those deemed by that society as a appropriate is called a. Socialization
  5. The work of anthropologist margaret mead suggested that a. definitions of "natural" gender tendencies are not universal
  6. Symbolic interactionists would try to solve inequality through a. education
  7. In the culture of poverty, one of the values passed on by poor parents is a. Enjoy it while you've got it
  8. Claiming that the toys you played with, and how you were dressed as a child, effected how you act and feel about yourself today, comes from which of the following theoretical orientations a. Symbolic interactionism
  9. Children of color are likely to be exposed to a. Three types of socialization
  10. A symbol is a. Anything that carries a particular meaning, which is recognized by people who share a culture
  11. A good example of the use of a qualifying adjective would be a. He was a smart black man
  12. What is the lifelong social experience by which individuals develop human potential and learn culture a. Socialization
  13. Taking together the cases of anna, isabelle and genie, provide strong evidence that a. Social experience has a crucial role in forming human personality
  14. Harry harlow's study of racist monkeys was used to illustrate that a. love/attachment was more than the fulfillment of biological needs, attachments can be formed even if they are harmful, interaction needs to occur before a certain age if monkeys are to develop normally, (all of the above)
  15. Peer influence is an influence that comes from a. a group of individuals who share some characteristic or set of characteristics, people who recognize themselves as a distinct group, people who are recognized by others as a distinct group (all of the above)
  16. What is one of the “real” differences between the sexes a. Boys have more mental health problems
  1. About what percentage of tv characters during primetime television are hispanic a. 3
  2. Black americans represent about what percentage of people actually writing the news a. 7%
  3. Which of the following is an example of the use of the passive tense a. The continental railway was built (To depersonalize minorities)