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GENDER &

SOCIALIZATION

CHAPTER 5

EDWARD ANGELO MENDILLO AXL JAN REPLAN LUIS ALFONSO GUAB

GENDER & SOCIETY

GROUP

KURT LEWIN

GENDER & SOCIALIZATION

Kurt Lewin was a German-American psychologist, known as one of the modern pioneers of social, organizational, and applied psychology in the United States. During his professional career Lewin applied himself to three general topics: applied research, action research, and group communication. Lewin's theory proposes that individuals and groups of individuals are influenced by restraining forces, or obstacles that counter driving forces aimed at keeping the status quo, and driving forces, or positive forces for change that push in the direction that causes change to happen. www.google.com/

LIFE OF KURT LEWIN (1890- 1947)

GENDER ROLES AND SOCIALIZATION

IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SOCIAL INTERACTION EDCUATION & GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE SCHOOL

METHODOLOGY

GENDER IN GOVERNMENT AND LAW

INTRODUCTION

THE PRACTICE OF LAW SEXISM IN LANGUAGE LESSONS

GENDER & SOCIALIZATION

GENDER ROLES AND SOCIALIZATION

GENDER & SOCIALIZATION

GENDER ROLES AND

SOCIALIZATION

INTRODUCTION FAMILY Family is the primary social unit of human life. Gender roles are taught from infancy through primary socialization. Stereotypes such as, "The color blue is for boys and color pink is for girls." is a long common example of how family affects one's identification of gender role. Family sets a social norm that the father is the head of the family and the one who provides the financial needs of the family. While the mother is responsible for the taking care of the children in everyday and maintaining the home for the family through household chores, etc. However, sometimes children oppose gender norms by behaving in ways contrary to opposite gender. And with the modern life today, these norms are more being forgotten. As the world is progressively evolving to a equal world for both men and women. Changes in gender roles are more likely recognized by an individual in his/her adolescence. Where an individual goes into a stage of transition from being a child to a teen, and ultimately being an adult – physically, psychologically and emotionally

IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT SENSE OF IDENTITY stage which individuals ponders the questions: Who am I and what I can be? Considers the roles that they will play in the adult world

GENDER & SOCIALIZATION

Adolescents define themselves in accordance with their values, thoughts, and opinions. It is in this stage where they begin to conceptualize on what they would want to become as a result of their choices in exploring possibilities or opportunities in socializaion. To socialize, researchers have adopted three (3) general approaches to understanding identity development, namely: sense of identity has to do with who you think you are and how you perceive yourself. It has to do with your sense of self-worth and how you define yourself. Self-esteem is how you value yourself.

2. SELF-ESTEEM

period in which more time is spent with peers – period where they find people who are true to them to find stability in the world

3. RELATIONSHIP

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SOCIAL INTERACTION OVERVIEW

• Different cultures of individuals affect how males and females communicate with other. In most cases, females tend to self disclose intimate particular facts more often and communicate with fondness and confidence than males. Conventionally, males and females communicate with people of their own gender in different ways. Men usually talk on subjects of common interest while women build friendships based on mutual support. However, both genders establish opposite gender relationship on aspects of closeness, acceptance, trust, and love.

GENDER ROLES AND

SOCIALIZATION

COMMUNICATION STYLES NUMBER 1 NUMBER 2 Men tend to talk more than women in public situations but women tend to talk more than men at home.

GENDER ROLES AND

SOCIALIZATION

Women are more inclined to face each other and make eye contact when talking, which men are more likely to look away from each other.

COMMUNICATION STYLES NUMBER 3 NUMBER 4 Men tend to jump from topic to topic, but women tend to talk at length about one topic.

GENDER ROLES AND

SOCIALIZATION

When listening, women make more noise such as, "mm - hmm" and "uh - huh" which men are more likely to listen silently.

COMMUNICATION STYLES

GENDER ROLES AND

SOCIALIZATION

NUMBER 5 Women are inclined to express agreement and support, while men are more inclined to debate.

EDUCATION & GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SCHOOL

The school is the second home of children where in they

learn how to deal and adjust with people of different

qualities and family orientation. Teachers equip them

with knowledge and skills in preparation for life. Parents

maybe lazy and don't have enough time to teach their

children the standards of good behavior. Hence, the

school exists to reinforce what parents have failed to do

in educating the young men and women with essential

knowledge, skills, and tolls to live a good life and

comfortable life. The varied experiences that they

engage in school life would serve as a foundation for the

development of strong character and respectability.

Since children spend more time in school, traditional

expectation continues to practice. Hence, teachers

believe that boys are good at mathematics and influence

them to pursue further education towards computer

science or engineering. On the other hand, girls are

assume to be more compassionate and caring for others,

and are encouraged to go from home caring,

dressmaking, and other less analytical skills like social

work, nursing, or engage in teaching profession.

EDUCATION

GENDER & SOCIALIZATION

EDUCATION & GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SCHOOL

With some exceptions, boys and girls differ in ways on

how sexes behave at school and in class. Their

differences include physical behavior, style of social

interactions, academic situations and choices. They are

occasionally being influenced by parents, peers and TV

commercials and likewise teachers who are the

frontliners of the students exert effort towards gender

role differences.

Males are more to speak up in class when called out

although not knowledgeable. They also tend to ignore

comments from the opposite sex as well as contributions

to a group project or activity.

On the other hand, females are more motivated than boys

to perform well in school and some even downplays their

academic ability in order to be likable by both sexes.

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SCHOOL

GENDER & SOCIALIZATION

GENDER IN GOVERNMENT AND LAW BY CLAUDIA ALVES Thesis Defense Presentation Template INTRODUCTION Individuals continue to develop their social interactions with the larger group of society. With government, they familiarize themselves with the laws and perform social duties and responsibilities in their communities with dedication. Respect for government officials is emphasized and constituents are strongly encourage to be courteous and friendly to government servants since they exist to help manage society in enforcing the laws of government for security, moral and social well-being.

GENDER & SOCIALIZATION

THE PRACTICE OF LAW Law and justice in the society play the role in fostering and hindering gender equality differences on women and men's social, economic and political provisions which affect the way they experience law in their lives which adversely affect their productivity. Traditions handed down from generation to generation would remind us the principle of "equal pay for equal work". Sad to say that for years, gender inequality has been practiced in the society which deprived women from employment opportunities due to unsubstantial reasons such as women are weak, emotionally unstable, give birth and frequently go on maternity leave in which their absence hinder the company's production. With these organizational biases, women are prevented from reaching their potentials in the workplace.

GENDER ROLES AND

SOCIALIZATION

THE PRACTICE OF LAW Republic Act 7192

• also known as, “Women in Development and Nation Building Act.” approved on November 18, 1992. Declaration of Policy. — The State recognizes the role of women in nation building and shall ensure the fundamental equality before the law of women and men. The State shall provide women rights and opportunities equal to that of men. To attain the foregoing policy: (1) A substantial portion of official development assistance funds received from foreign governments and multilateral agencies and organizations shall be set aside and utilized by the agencies concerned to support programs and activities for women; (2) All government departments shall ensure that women benefit equally and participate directly in the development programs and projects of said department, specifically those funded under official foreign development assistance, to ensure the full participation and involvement of women in the development process; and (3) All government departments and agencies shall review and revise all their regulations, circulars, issuances and procedures to remove gender bias therein.

GENDER ROLES AND

SOCIALIZATION

SEXISM IN LANGUAGE Language is one of the most powerful means through which sexism and gender discrimination are perpetrated and reproduced. The content of gender stereotypes, according to which women should display communal/warmth traits and men should display agentic/competence traits, is reflected in the lexical choices of everyday communication. As a consequence, language subtly reproduces the societal asymmetries of status and power in favor of men, which are attached to the corresponding social roles. Moreover, the hidden yet consensual norm according to which the prototypical human being is male is embedded in the structure of many languages. Grammatical and syntactical rules are built in a way that feminine terms usually derive from the corresponding masculine form. Similarly, masculine nouns and pronouns are often used with a generic function to refer to both men and women.

GENDER ROLES AND

SOCIALIZATION

SEXISM IN LANGUAGE However, such linguistic forms have the negative effects of making women disappear in mental representations. Although the use of gender-fair linguistic expressions can effectively prevent these negative consequences and promote gender equality, there are even more implicit forms of gender bias in language that are difficult to suppress. By choosing terms at different levels of abstraction, people can affect the attributions of the receiver in a way that is consistent with their stereotypical beliefs. Linguistic abstraction, thus, is a very subtle resource used to represent women in a less favorable way and thus to enact gender discrimination without meaning to discriminate or even be aware that this linguistic behavior has discriminatory results. In order to reduce gender bias, it is necessary to change people’s linguistic habits by making them aware of the beneficial effects of gender-fair expressions.

GENDER ROLES AND

SOCIALIZATION

QUIZ

GENDER & SOCIETY

GROUP

German-American psychologist, known as one of the modern pioneers of social, organizational, and applied psychology in the United States. His theory proposes that individuals and groups of individuals are influenced by restraining forces, or obstacles that counter driving forces aimed at keeping the status quo, and driving forces, or positive forces for change that push in the direction that causes change to happen. primary social unit of human life. three (3) general approaches to understanding identity development three (3) general approaches to understanding identity development three (3) general approaches to understanding identity development

7. are taught from infancy through primary socialization.

8. also known as, “Women in Development and Nation Building Act.”

9. period in which more time is spent with peers – period where they find people who are true to them to find stability in the world.

10. the second home of children where in they learn how to deal and adjust with people of different qualities and family orientation.

11. On the other hand, __________ are more motivated than boys to perform well in school and some even downplays their academic ability in order to be likable by both sexes.

THANK YOU

EDWARD ANGELO MENDILLO AXL JAN REPLAN LUIS ALFONSO GUAB

GENDER & SOCIETY

GROUP