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Institution of Saint Thomas Aquinas
Olympiad Decree of 2026
IOTraining
Institutional
Olympiad Training
________________________
MAIN REVIEWER
BOOKLET
Official Institutional Olympiad Training
IOT-ISTA
CONTENTS
- HISTORY……………………………..………….…………………………………… Social Studies - Philippine History …………...…………………..…..……………… - Spanish Colonization…….……………………. - American Colonization….…………………… - Japanese Colonization.……………………… - List of Presidents…….………………………. - Dates and Events….………………………… - Miscellaneous……..…………………………. - Philippine History 2. ………...…………………..………………… - Pre-colonial period………………….……….. - Spanish colonization (1565–1898)............... - Philippine Revolution and key figures……... - American period and Commonwealth……... - Japanese occupation………………………... - Post-independence to present……………… - Asian History ………………………………………………………. - Ancient Civilizations…………………….…… - Dynasties and Empires……………………… - Colonialism in Asia………..…………………. - Major Wars in Asia……..……………………. - World History ………………………………………………………. - Historical Periods……..……………………… - Major Revolutions…….……………………… - World Wars………….………………………… - Cold War…………….…………………………
- GEOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………………. - Physical……………………………………….. - Political…………………...…………………… - Map Skills………………………………………
- COUNTRY………………………………………………………………………. - Government and Civics …………..…………………...………… - Philippine Government…………………….… - Basic Political Concepts………….….……… - International Organizations…………….…… - Economics …………………………………………………………. - Supply and Demand…………………….…… - Types of Economics….……………………… - Inflation, GDP and Trade……………….…… - Philippine Economy Basics……………….… - Global Trade Systems……….……………….
- CULTURE AND SOCIETY…………………………………………….. - Philippine………………………….… - Asian………………………………… - Global……………………..…………. - Arts and Literature ………………………………….…………… - Philippine…………………. - Asian……………………… - World……….…..………… - Visual Arts/Music………...
- CURRENT EVENTS AND GLOBAL ISSUES………………. - Major Global Events…………………..….… - Middle East and International Conflicts…...
- COUNTRY………………………………………………………………………. - Government and Civics …………..…………………...………… - Philippine Government…………………….… - Basic Political Concepts………….….……… - International Organizations…………….…… - Economics …………………………………………………………. - Supply and Demand…………………….…… - Types of Economics….……………………… - Inflation, GDP and Trade……………….…… - Philippine Economy Basics……………….… - Global Trade Systems……….……………….
- GEOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………………. - Physical……………………………………….. - Political…………………...…………………… - Map Skills………………………………………
Evolution (basic principles) Ecology (ecosystems, food chains, energy flow)
4. EARTH SCIENCE………...……………………………..……………
Structure of the Earth (crust, mantle, core) Plate tectonics Rocks and minerals Weather and climate Natural disasters (earthquakes, volcanoes, typhoons) Water cycle
5. ASTRONOMY……………………………………………….…………
Solar system (planets and moons) Stars and stellar evolution Galaxies and the universe Earth’s motion (rotation and revolution) Eclipses and phases of the Moon
6. GENERAL SCIENCE AND APPLICATION…………..………
Scientific method Measurement and SI units Scientific constants (e.g., speed of light, gravity) Laboratory safety Applications of science in everyday life
Math
[Catalinuhan 2018] Reviewer.pdf
1. Algebra
● Polynomials ○ Factorization techniques ○ Roots and relationships (Vieta’s formulas) ● Inequalities ○ AM-GM inequality ○ Cauchy–Schwarz inequality ○ Rearrangement inequality (basic idea) ● Functional equations ● Sequences and series ○ Arithmetic and geometric sequences ○ Recurrence relations ● Exponents and logarithms ● Symmetric expressions ● Systems of equations ● Algebraic manipulation and identities
2. Geometry
● Triangle geometry ○ Ceva’s Theorem ○ Menelaus’ Theorem ○ Law of Sines and Cosines ● Circles ○ Power of a Point ○ Cyclic quadrilaterals ● Angle chasing ● Similarity and congruence ● Coordinate geometry ● Transformations ○ Reflection, rotation, homothety ● Area methods ● Special points ○ Incenter, circumcenter, centroid, orthocenter
________________________________________________________
3. Number Theory
● Divisibility and prime numbers ● Prime factorization ● Greatest common divisor (GCD) and least common multiple (LCM) ● Modular arithmetic (congruences) ● Diophantine equations (integer solutions) ● Remainders and residues ● Fermat’s Little Theorem (basic use) ● Euler’s Totient Function (introductory level)
4. Combinatorics
● Counting principles ● Permutations and combinations ● Pigeonhole Principle ● Inclusion–Exclusion Principle ● Binomial theorem and Pascal’s triangle ● Recursion and counting strategies ● Casework and systematic counting ● Basic graph theory
5. Probability
● Basic probability rules ● Conditional probability ● Expected value (basic)
6. Proof Techniques
● Direct proof ● Proof by contradiction ● Mathematical induction ● Construction and examples ● Bounding and estimation
7. Advanced Topics
● Advanced inequalities (e.g., Jensen, Schur) ● Generating functions ● Inversion in geometry ● Complex numbers in geometry ● Advanced graph theory
Theology
I. Divine Revelation…………………………………………………… II. The Bible (Deeper Study)…...…………………………………….. III. The Church Today……………………………..…………………… IV. Liturgy…………………………………………………………..…….. V. Liturgical Objects, Vestments, and Ministers……….…...……. VI. The Sacraments……………………………………….…………… VII. Key Prayers and Doctrines……………………….……….…….. VIII. Important People and Events…………………..………………. IX. Moral Teachings……………………………….………….………..
________________________________________________________
during Quezon/ sa kanya ipinangalan ang
EDSA (Epifanio Delos Santos Avenue)
- Trinidad Tecson-Mother of Biak-na-Bato
- Julian Felipe-Composer of the Philippine
National Anthem
- Insulares- Spaniards born in the
Philippines
- Jose Rizal-Founder of La Liga Filipina:
- Florante at Laura - (awit) "katiwalian ng
mga kastila"
- Manuel Quezon - Ama ng Wikang
Pambansa
- Constancio de Guzman - lumikha ng
awit na "Ang Bayan Ko"
- Ferdinand Magellan - named the
Philippines "Islas de San Lazaro'
- Ruy Lopez de Villalobos - named the
Philippines "Las Islas Filipinas"
- Miguel Lopez de Legazpi - known as El
Adelantado and first governor of the
Philippines from 1565 until his death
- José Rizal - the national hero of the
Philippines
- Jomalul Kiram II - last sultan of Sulu
- Julio Nakpil - husband of Gregoria de
Jesus after Andres Bonifacio
- Felipe Agoncillo - first Filipino diplomat
- Gov. Gen. Eulogio Despujol - Spanish
gov. gen. who ordered the deportation of
Rizal to Dapitan
- Emilio Aguinaldo - created the designs
for the Philippine national flag
- Gabriela Silang - wife of Diego Silang,
continued the revolt against the Spaniards
in the Ilocos region after Diego's death
- Simeon Ola - last general of the
Filipino-American revolution to surrender to
the Americans
- Ignacio Villamor - first Filipino president
of the University of the Philippines
- General Antonio Luna - greatest general
of the revolution and editor of La
Independencia
- Graciano Lopez-Jaena - founder and
first editor of La Solidaridad
- Pedro Paterno - negotiator/mediator of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato and helped prepare the Malolos constitution.
- Leona Florentino - first poetess of the Philippines. Her poems were given international recognition at the Exposicion in Madrid in 1887 and in Paris in 1889
- first written novel of rizal ans: NOLI ME TANGERE (Touch me Not)
- place where the novel Noli Me Tangere was published ans: BERLIN (1887)
- city where the novel the El Filibusterismo was published ans: GHENT (1891)
- a supporter of the propaganda movement and rizal's best friend ans: DR. FERDINAND BLUMENTRITT
- the first poem written by rizal ans: SA AKING MGA KABATA
- Pen name used by Rizal in his writings in La Solidaridad ans: LAON LAAN/ LAONG LAAN
- spanish governor who SIGNED the death sentence of Dr. Rizal ans: GEN. CAMILIO G. DE POLAVIEJA
- a translation of Rizal's farewell poem written by Andres Bonifacio in tagalog ans: PAHIMAKAS
- Place where Dr. Rizal conceived the idea of establishing Liga Filipina, a civic association composed of filipinos ans: HONGKONG
- The priest who baptized Rizal ans. FR. RUFINO COLLANTES
- Philippine president who made December 30 as Day of National Mourning in Rizal honor ans: EMILIO AGUINALDO
- The complete name of our national hero. ans: JOSE PROTACIO RIZAL MERCADO Y ALONSO REALONDA
________________________________________________________
- Jose Rizal was fondly called ____by his
family and friends. ans:
PEPE
- What does filibustero mean? ans:
ONE WHO IS AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT
- Jose Rizal died at the age of ____ ans:
35
- The title "El Filibusterismo" means ans:
SUBVERSIVE
- The novel, Noli Me Tangere is about
ans:
RELIGION, LOVE, SOCIETY
- The novel, El Filibusterismo is about
ans:
POLITICS & REVOLUTION
- Question: What is the name of the
oldest stone church in the Philippines,
located in Bohol?
Answer: Baclayon Church
- Question: What is the traditional Filipino
dress for men called?
Answer: Barong Tagalog
- Question: What is the epic poem of the
Maranao people, which narrates the
adventures of
the hero Bantugan?
Answer: Darangen
- Question: What year did the Philippines
host the Southeast Asian Games for the first
time?
Answer: 1981
- Question: When did the EDSA II
revolution occur, leading to the resignation
of President
Joseph Estrada?
Answer: January 2001
- Question: Who was the Spanish
explorer that first arrived in the Philippines
in 1521?
Answer: Ferdinand Magellan
- Question: Who is considered the first
Filipino saint canonized by the Catholic
Church?
Answer: Saint Lorenzo Ruiz
- Question: What was the name of the movement founded by Andrés Bonifacio aimed at gaining independence from Spanish rule? Answer: Katipunan (Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan)
- Question: Which Filipino general was known for leading the defense of Bataan during World War II? Answer: General Douglas MacArthur (though he was American, he played a significant role; for Filipino, General Vicente Lim)
- Question: Who was the first Asian and Filipino to win the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature, and Creative Communication Arts? Answer: Carlos P. Romulo
- Question: Who is the national scientist known for his contributions to the development of the modern Philippine orthography and Tagalog-based Filipino? Answer: Lope K. Santos
- Question: Who led the first successful circumnavigation of the Earth and was killed in the Philippines? Answer: Ferdinand Magellan
- Question: What was the first Philippine Republic called? Answer: The Malolos Republic
- Question: What was the name of the revolutionary movement founded by Andrés Bonifacio? Answer: Katipunan
- Question: In what battle did the Filipino revolutionaries achieve their first major victory against the Spanish forces Answer: Battle of Pinaglabanan
- Question: Who was the first Filipino to head the executive branch of the Philippine government under American colonial rule?
________________________________________________________
Answer: The victory of the EDSA People
Power Revolution
During Spanish Colonization
- Question: Who was the Portuguese
explorer that reached the Philippines in
1521 while in service of Spain?
Answer: Ferdinand Magellan
- Question: What year did Spain officially
colonize the Philippines?
Answer: 1565
- Question: Who was the first Spanish
Governor-General of the Philippines?
Answer: Miguel López de Legazpi
- Question: Which Filipino chieftain
converted to Christianity and was baptized
as "Carlos"?
Answer: Rajah Humabon
- Question: What was the name of the tax
system imposed by the Spanish on the
Filipino natives?
Answer: Tribute (Tributo)
- Question: What was the name of the
revolt led by Francisco Dagohoy in Bohol,
which lasted for 85 years?
Answer: Dagohoy Rebellion
- Question: Who was the Filipino secular
priest who led a mutiny in Cavite in 1872,
leading to his execution and those of two
other priests?
Answer: Mariano Gómez (along with José
Burgos and Jacinto Zamora, collectively
known as Gomburza)
- Question: What was the name of the ship
used by Ferdinand Magellan when he
first arrived in the Philippines?
Answer: Trinidad
- Question: Which island did Ferdinand
Magellan land on first in the Philippines?
Answer: Homonhon
10.Question: Who was the Filipino chieftain
who resisted Spanish forces in the Battle
of Mactan, leading to the death of
Magellan?
Answer: Lapu-Lapu 11.Question: What was the Filipino native class of laborers or workers in the encomienda system called? Answer: Indios 12.Question: What was the name of the book written by José Rizal that exposed the abuses of the Spanish clergy in the Philippines? Answer: Noli Me Tangere 13.Question: Which agreement in 1571 established the foundation of Spanish Manila as a walled city? Answer: Establishment of Intramuros 14.Question: Which Filipino leader was known for his resistance against Spanish rule in Mindanao and was called the "Grand Old Man of Philippine Revolution"? Answer: Sultan Kudarat 15.Question: What was the name of the labor system that required Filipino males to render forced labor for public works for forty days a year? Answer: Polo y Servicio 16.Question: What is the name of the traditional Filipino boat used by the Spaniards for trade and transportation? Answer: Balangay 17.Question: What is the Filipino term for the local chieftains during the pre-colonial Period? Answer: Datu 18.Question: Who was the leader of the Silang Revolt in 1762? Answer: Gabriela Silang (after Diego Silang's death) 19.Question: What significant Philippine legal code was influenced by Spanish colonial rule and is still used today? Answer: The Civil Code of the Philippines 20.Question: Who was the Filipino priest who wrote the pamphlet "Ang Sampung Utos ng mga Prayle" criticizing the Spanish friars? Answer: Father José Burgos
________________________________________________________
AMERICAN COLONIZATION
- Question: When did the United States formally acquire the Philippines from Spain?
Answer: 1898
- Question: What was the official language of instruction in schools established by the Americans during their colonization?
Answer: English
- Question: What was the name of the legislative body established by the Americans in the Philippines in 1907?
Answer: The Philippine Assembly
- Question: Who was the Filipino leader who founded the Nacionalista Party, the first political party in the Philippines?
Answer: Manuel L. Quezon
- Question: What was the name of the political party that advocated for immediate and complete independence from the United States?
Answer: The Nacionalista Party
- Question: Who was the American president who signed the Tydings-McDuffie Act into law, paving the way for Philippine independence?
Answer: Franklin D. Roosevelt
- Question: What was the name of the first public university established by theAmericans in the Philippines?
Answer: University of the Philippines (UP)
- Question: What was the name of the Filipino revolutionary who served as the first
President of the Philippine Republic during
the Philippine-American War?
Answer: Emilio Aguinaldo
- Question:bWhat was the name of the province in the Philippines where the first
The Filipino Republic was established by Emilio Aguinaldo? Answer: Cavite
- Question: What was the name of the Filipino-American soldier who received the Medal of Honor for his bravery during the Korean War? Answer: Benigno S. Aquino Jr.
- Question: Who was the Filipino statesman who served as the first Senate President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines? Answer: Manuel Quezon
- Question: What was the name of the American legislation that provided for the establishment of public schools in the Philippines? Answer: The Philippine Education Act of 1901
JAPAN COLONIZATION
- Question: When did Japan invade and occupy the Philippines? Answer: December 1941
- Question: Who was the President of the Philippines during the Japanese occupation? Answer: Manuel L. Quezon
- Question: What was the name of the Filipino guerilla leader who fought against the Japanese occupation forces? Answer: Colonel Wendell Fertig
- Question: What was the name of the prison camp where American and Filipino prisoners of war were held during the Japanese occupation? Answer: Camp O'Donnell
- Question: What was the name of the battle that marked the beginning of the Japanese invasion of the Philippines? Answer: Battle of Lingayen Gulf
- Question: Who was the Filipino journalist who documented the
________________________________________________________
○ The first Filipino president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines under American rule. ○ first president elected through a national election
- Jose P. Laurel (October 14, 1943 - August 17, 1945) ○ The only pres 2nd republic among Philippine presidents to assume office during the era of the Japanese occupation of World War II, ○ Jose P. Laurel is the only Filipino president in his time to have been shot outside of Combat. ○ Declared Martial Law and war between the Philippines and the U.S./United Kingdom in 1944
- Sergio Osmeña (August 1, 1944 - May 28, 1946) ○ Sergio Osmeña was the second president of the Commonwealth. ○ During his presidency, the Philippines joined the International Monetary Fund.
- Manuel Roxas (May 28, 1946 - April 15, 1948) ○ He was the fifth Philippine president but was considered as the third and last president under the Commonwealth era making him the next first leader of the Third Republic of the Philippines (R.P.). ○ Short-lived as he served for some reason, he only assumed office for a very short period of 1 year, 10 months and 18 days to be exact. ○ inaugurated as the first president of the new Republic after World War. ○ reconstruction from war damage and life without foreign rule began during his presidency
- Elpidio Quirino (April 17, 1948 - December 30, 1953) ○ 2nd president of 3rd republic ○ Elpidio Quirino served as vice president under Manuel Roxas. ○ When Roxas died in 1948, Quirino became president.
- Ramon Magsaysay (December 30, 1953 - March 17, 1957) ○ Man of the Masses, ○ 3rd president of the 3rd republic, President of the Philippines from 1953 to 1957. ○ He had been President Quirino's secretary of defense who was instrumental in suppressing the HUK rebellion. ○ As president, he persuaded Congress to pass the Agricultural Tenancy Act (1954).
- Carlos P. Garcia (March 18, 1957 - December 30, 1961) ○ 4th president of 3rd republic, ○ A lawyer, poet, and teacher, ○ Carlos P. Garcia also served as a guerrilla leader during the ○ Pacific War. ○ Born in Bohol, Garcia served as vice president under Ramon Magsaysay ○ And as secretary of Foreign Affairs for four years. ○ He was among the founders of the Association for Southeast Asia (1963), the precursor of the Association for Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). ○ He became president when Magsaysay died in 1957. ○ known for "Filipino First Policy,"which favored Filipino businesses over foreign investors. ○ He was the first president to have his remains buried at the Libingan ng mga Bayani
- Diosdado Macapagal (December 30, 1961 - December 30, 1965) ○ 5th president of 3rd republic, Born in Lubao, Pampanga, Diosdado Macapagal ○ was a lawyer and professor. ○ His daughter Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was the 14th, and second female, president of the Philippines. ○ It was during his presidency that Independence Day was moved from July 4 to ○ June 12, the date when General Aguinaldo proclaimed Philippine independence in Cavite.
- Ferdinand Marcos (December 30, 1965 - February 25, 1986) ○ 4th republic Born in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, ○ Ferdinand Edralin Marcos was a lawyer and Senate President for three years. ○ He was president for 21 years.
________________________________________________________
○ He ruled under martial law and his dictatorship was known for its corruption and brutality. Marcos was removed from office after the People Power Revolution. ○ first president to win a second term ○ declared Martial Law on Sept. 22, 1972
- Corazon Aquino (February 25, 1986 - June 30, 1992) ○ 1st president of 5th republic, ○ President of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992. ○ With Salvador Laurel as running mate, ○ She led the opposition that overthrew the authoritarian government of Marcos, who went into exile after the successful People's Power revolution of 1986. ○ She first established a revolutionary government under the Freedom Constitution, later replaced by the Constitution of 1987, which served as the basis for reestablishing democracy ○ first woman to be president of the Philippines or any Asian country ○ restored democracy ○ abolished the 1973 Marcos Constitution and ushered in the new Constitution of the Philippines
- Fidel V. Ramos (June 30, 1992 - June 30, 1998) ○ 2nd president of 5th republic, ○ A military general in his time when the former first female president resumed power over EDSA ○ Revolution, ○ The popular name for this Philippine president is FVR. ○ He was the chief-of-staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines during Cory's regime before he became president. ○ A civil engineer by college career, Ramos is a PMA bred elite. ○ He brought back economic growth and stability in the country in spite of the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997. ○ He is the first and only non-Catholic (protestant) president of the Philippines. ○ oversaw Philippine economic growth
- Joseph Estrada (June 30, 1998 - January 20, 2001) ○ 3rd pres. Of 5th republic, ○ Erap para sa mahirap is his popular slogan. ○ Joseph Ejercity Estrada is the first film actor to become president of a country next to Ronald Reagan. ○ His presidency was controversial. ○ During his years in office economic growth was slow and he faced impeachment proceedings. ○ He was ousted from the presidency in 2001. ○ He was later convicted of stealing from the government but was pardoned. ○ He ran unsuccessfully for president in 2010
- Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (January 20, 2001 - June 30, 2010) ○ 4th pres. Of 5th republic, ○ President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2004. ○ She served as vice president under President Estrada and became president when he was forced to step down for malfeasance, through the People's Power II revolution. ○ PGMA has confronted some of the same obstacles as did her father, President Diosdado Macapagal, when he tried to clean up corruption in government ○ second female president of the country ○ first and only female vice-president of the Philippines so far ○ first president to take oath outside Luzon
- Simeon Benigno Aquino III (June 30, 2010 - 2016) ○ 5th pres. 5th rep. ○ Popularly known as PNoy , ○ He is the son of the first female Philippine president and of Asia - Corazon Cojuangco Aquino. ○ Real name is Simeon Benigno Aquino III a.k.a. NoyNoy or PNoy joined the House of Representatives and the Senate before his presidency.
________________________________________________________
Answer: Carlos P. Garcia
- Who was the President when the Philippines hosted the 1994 Miss Universe pageant?
Answer: Fidel V. Ramos
- Which President was the first to take office after the People Power Revolution of 2001?
Answer: Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
- Who was the President when the Philippine economy was dubbed as the "Tiger Cub Economy"?
Answer: Fidel V. Ramos
- Which President signed the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law in 1988?
Answer: Corazon Aquino
- Which President declared the Third Republic of the Philippines? Answer: Manuel Roxas
- Which President served as the Senate President before becoming President? Answer: Manuel L. Quezon
- Which President is credited with the establishment of the Mactan-Cebu International Airport? Answer: Ferdinand Marcos
- Which president's term saw the passage of the Philippine Clean Air Act? Answer: Joseph Estrada
History Dates and Its Special Events
January
January 23, 1899 - Inauguration of the first republic (Malolos) Aguinaldo as president
February
February 13, 1565 - Miguel Lopez de Villalobos reached Cebu
February 17, 1872 - Execution of GOMBURZA
February 18, 1891 - Rizal second novel El Filibusterismo was publish and finance by
Valentin Ventura
February 25 , -EDSA People Power Revolution
March
March 16, 1521 - Magellan sighted the island of samar
March 16, 1565 - Blood compact Miguel Lopes de Legaspi and Rajah Sikatuna of Bohol
March 17, 1521 - Magellan landed Homnhon "Archipelago of St. Lazarus"
March 17, 1957 - Pres. Magsaysay died in a plane crash in Mt. Manunggal Cebu
March 17, 1957 - Garcia become the president of the Philippines
March 29, 1521 - Blood compact Magellan and Rajah Kulambo and Rajah Siawi of
Limasawa
March 31, 1521 - First mass officiated by Father Pedro de Valderrama in Limasawa,
Southern Leyte
April
April 4, 1947 - Pres. Roxas died of cardiac arrest at Clark air base
April 4, 1947 - Elpidio Quirino become the president
April 9, 1942 - Fall of Bataan, Death March from Bataan to San Fernando Pampanga
April 25, 1898 - US declare war against Spain
April 27, 1521 - Magellan killed in the battle of Mactan
May
________________________________________________________
May 10, 1897 - Execution of Bonifacio brathers
May 12, 1962 - Macapagal change the date of Independence day from July 4, 1946 to June
12, 1898
May 28, 1898 - Gen. Aguinaldo waved the Philippine flag for the first time to celebrate its
victory at the battle of Alapan, Cavite
June
June 5, 1899 - Assassination of Antonio Luna at Cabanatuan
June 7, 1987 - Biak-na-Bato revolutionary government was established
June 12, 1898 - Proclamation of Philippines Independence by Gen. Aguinaldo
June 19, 1861 - birth of rizal
June 24, 1571 - Manila was named "Distinguished and Ever Loyal City" by Legaspi and
First Governor-General of the Philippines
July
July 3, 1892 - La Liga Filipina founded by Dr. Rizal
July 5, 1945 - General MacArthur formally declares the Philippines totally free from Japan.
July 7, 1892 - Rizal exiled in Dapitan for 4yrs
July 7, 1892 - KKK organized by Andres Bonifacion in Azcarraga st. (C.M. Recto)
August
August 6, 1945 - First Atomic bomb dropped in Hiroshima Japan
August 9, 1945 - Second Atomic bomb dropped in Nagasaki Japan
August 23, 1896 - Philippine Revolution "Cry of Balintawak"
December
December 30, 1896 - Rizal writes last poem,
"La Ultimo Adios" before his execution at
Bagumbayan field
December 7, 1941 -- Japanese air forces attack and bomb US Naval base of Pearl Harbor in
Honolulu, Hawaii.
December 24, 1941 , imminent threat of Japanese invasion causes President Quezon, Vice
President Osmenia, their families and other Filipino and American politicians to be evacuated to
Corregidor island.
December 26, 1941 -- General Douglas MacArthur declares Manila an "Open City" to save it
from bombing.
December 28, 1941 - Filipino and American troops retreat to Bataan.
NAMES GIVEN TO PHILIPPINES
❖ Ma-Yi-Land of Gold (Mindoro)Chinese Traders ❖ Maniolas- Ptolemy's ancient map ❖ Archipelago of St. Lazarus-Ferdinand Magellan ❖ Las Islas Felipinas- Ruy Lopez de Villalobos ❖ NICKNAME: "Pearl of the Orient Seas" Fr. Juan J. Delgado/Dr. Jose Rizal
● Southwest monsoon or habagat blown from June to September ● Northeast monsoon or amihan blown from October through April
________________________________________________________
History (Philippine, Asian,
World)
__________________________________________________________
PHILIPPINE HISTORY