Calculating Heating and Cooling Loads: Strategies and Formulas - Prof. Jeffrey A. Siegel, Study notes of Architecture

Strategies and formulas for calculating heating and cooling loads. It covers both sensible and latent loads, and includes information on conduction through opaque surfaces, solar gain, internal gains, and ventilation. The document also provides references to various tables and guides for looking up u-values and other necessary data.

Typology: Study notes

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 08/31/2009

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General strategies for cooling and heating loads:
Heating Loads:
1. Calculate ∑ UA (including slab edge and infiltration/ventilation) of items on first page to get an answer in BTU/(hr °F) or W/°C.
2. Multiply by design temperature difference.
3. The result is your raw uncorrected heating load [W].
Cooling Loads (all steps should be in [BTU/hr or W])
1. Calculate cooling load (similar to raw uncorrected heating load but using the cooling design temperature difference).
2. Calculate conduction through opaque surfaces (walls and roofs) which is typically done with a modified temperature difference.
3. Add solar gain through windows.
4. Add sensible internal gains.
5. The result is your raw sensible cooling load.
6. Calculate latent internal gains.
7. Calculate latent gains due to ventilation and infiltration.
8. The sum of 6 and 7 is your raw latent cooling load.
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General strategies for cooling and heating loads: Heating Loads:

  1. Calculate ∑ UA (including slab edge and infiltration/ventilation) of items on first page to get an answer in BTU/(hr °F) or W/°C.
  2. Multiply by design temperature difference.
  3. The result is your raw uncorrected heating load [W]. Cooling Loads (all steps should be in [BTU/hr or W])
  4. Calculate cooling load (similar to raw uncorrected heating load but using the cooling design temperature difference).
  5. Calculate conduction through opaque surfaces (walls and roofs) which is typically done with a modified temperature difference.
  6. Add solar gain through windows.
  7. Add sensible internal gains.
  8. The result is your raw sensible cooling load.
  9. Calculate latent internal gains.
  10. Calculate latent gains due to ventilation and infiltration.
  11. The sum of 6 and 7 is your raw latent cooling load.

Heating (Sensible only) Formula Strategies ASHRAE^1 Other^2 Textbook^3 Walls ( Heating only) (subtract window/door areas) q = UAΔTΔTT Calculate U Values of assembly from wall components

25.Table 4 Table 2-3A Look up assembly values Some examples in chapter 25, below grade walls 25.14-

Table 2-14 (last column is U-Value in BTU/(hr°F ft^2 ) Windows/Skylights (use rough opening area, frame type very important) q = UAΔTΔTT Look up U Values in NFRC guide or default tables 31.Table 4 NFRC Certified Products Guide Examples in Chapter 2 Roof ( Heating only) (subtract skylight areas) q = UAΔTΔTT Calculate U Values of assembly from wall components 25.Table 4 Table 2-3A Look up assembly values Some examples in chapter 25 Table 2- Doors (use rough opening area) q = UAΔTΔTT Look up U Values 31.Table 6 NFRC Certified Products Guide (for doors with glazing) Examples in Chapter 2 Slab/Foundation edge ( Heating only) q = FPΔTΔTT Look up F Value and multiply by perimeter, PΔT 29.Table 18 WA State Energy Code data (in References section) Table 2-10,2- Infiltration q = MCΔTΔTT M = ρQQ Chapter 27 Tables 2- Ventilation q = MCΔTΔTT C = 0.24 BTU/(lb °F) or 1007 J/kg K Chapter 27 ASHRAE Standards 62, 62. Table 2-9A Weather Data (elevation, latitutde) ΔTT Use comfort zone for appropriate indoor conditions and 99% dry-bulb for outdoor temperature. Chapter 28 (on CD) Tables 2-2A,2- 2B,2-2C (^1) AΔTSHRAΔTE 2005 Fundamentals. Chapter.page number or Chapter.Table number (^2) NFRCΔT CΔTertified PΔTroducts Guide, Super Good CΔTents Heat Loss Reference Manual by Ecotope Inc on class website (^3) Tao and Janis_._ 2008. Mechanical and Electrical Systems in Buildings. 4th (^) Ed.