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Department of Electrical Engineering – UET Lahore
KASHAF ABDULLAH 2019EE 60
POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL
LABORATORY MANUAL 6
Methods for Improving the Results of Load Flow
Analysis of a 7 - Bus System using PSS/E
Course Learning Outcome (CLO): CLO2: ‘Adapt engineering methods in optimal power flow’. Reading Material: ‘Generator Reactive Capability Curves’ and ‘Per Unit Analysis’ Task 6-a Network Modelling A network comprising seven buses is shown below. For network data, please download the file ‘Lab6_Network_Data’ under the General Resources Tab from Piazza.
Machine Data Record Department of Electrical Engineering – UET Lahore Machine – A & Machine B Pgen 100 MW Pmax 1.1Pgen (i.e., additional 10% of Pgen) = 110 MW Pmin 0.5Pgen (50% of Pgen) = 50 MW Qgen Don’t specify Qmax 60 MVAR (if not specified, then compute it from the given lagging power factor and Pgen) Qmin - 20 MVAR (if not specified, then compute it from 0.95 leading power factor and Pgen) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 0.85 lagging Mbase 𝑃𝑔𝑒𝑛
=117.64 MVA
cos 𝜃 Xsource 0.2 p.u. Xtran 0.15 p.u. (implicit modelling) Vsched (slightly higher than 1 pu for PV bus)
Two Transformer Data Record Department of Electrical Engineering – UET Lahore
T/F # 1
Reactance: 10 % at 20 MVA Base Rated MVA = 20/26 MVA X =0.35 25 pu (For rated MVA and the indicated value of reactance in %, enter X at 100 MVA base) Ratings Rate 1 = Rated MVA (upper limit) = 40 MVA T/F # 2 Reactance: 14 % at 40 MVA Base Rated MVA = 40 MVA X =0.5 pu (For rated MVA and the indicated value of reactance in %, enter X at 100 MVA base) Ratings Rate 1 = Rated MVA (upper limit) = 26 MVA T/F # 3 and T/F # 4 Reactance: 10% at 10 MVA Base Rated MVA = 10/13 MVA X = 1 pu (For rated MVA and the indicated value of reactance in %, enter X at 100 MVA base) Ratings Rate 1 = Rated MVA (upper limit) = 13 MVA
Load Data Record Department of Electrical Engineering – UET Lahore Load - A Pload = 24 MW PF 0. Qload =11.6 MVAR Load - B Pload = 150 MW PF 0. Qload =72.6 MVAR Load - C Pload = 20 MW PF 0. Qload =12.4 MVAR
Department of Electrical Engineering – UET Lahore Task 5 - b Reviving System back to its Normal State Diagram Properties
- Using ‘Diagram Annotations’ , express your results of per unit (pu) up to 2 decimal points
- Display angle, magnitude (kV) and magnitude (pu) for buses
- P-Q flow for equipment as well as branches should be ensured
- In ‘Diagram Range Checking’, set the following colors for various levels of voltages: 132 kV Black 66 kV Light Green 11 kV Blue
- % loading of line ratings should be set as 100%. Use ‘red’ color to represent over-loading (if any)
- Bus voltage limits should be set as 1.05 (max) and 0.95 (min) i.e., ±5% (under normal conditions). For contingency, these limits can be set as ±10%. Use ‘red’ color for buses having over voltages and ‘sky’ color for buses having under voltages.
- The dialog box has been shown for your reference
Department of Electrical Engineering – UET Lahore For Part (A) – Part (D), the various possible options are as under: Option 1: Tap Changing Transformers For 132/11 kV and 66/11 kV transformers, the maximum tap setting can be 1.05 and minimum tap setting can be 0.95. You can only increase the taps in steps of 0.0125. Note: Tap Changer is always installed on the HV side therefore, in order to increase the voltage on secondary side of a step-down transformer, tap setting should be reduced on the primary side and vice versa.
Department of Electrical Engineering – UET Lahore
Part (B): No Absorption of VARs on any generators The reactive power of generators should be within the limits without negative sign (i.e., implyingthe motor action) Modified LF Results (B) Adopted Strategy The strategies opted previously cleared this problem and the VARS on generators were positive.
Adopted Strategy Adding another capacitor bank on an 11kv bus and changed transformer turns ratio Assignment Part (A)[5] •Switch off the second transmission line (50 Km Lynx) between Bus 1 and 101 •Compare results with the Base Case •Provide solution to violations of voltage criteria and overloading, if any BASE CASE PART A The bus voltages are unbalanced now, to fix this we can increase the capacitor bank var. by increasing the AR from 4.8 to 10.8 balanced bus voltage has been achieved.
There are unbalanced oltages and overloading on line fro bus B to bus C. to fix this increase in the capacitor bank ar resoled the bus unbalanced oltages •Then switch off the second transmission line between Bus 1 and 101 •Compare results with Base Case BASE CASE PART B •Now add a 3rdTransmission Line between Bus1 and 101 and compare the results with the base case BASE CASE PART B
- Change Lynx to Rail (i.e., reconductoring) and compare the results with the base case. BASE CASE PART B Laboratory Manual 6 Rubrics Task No. Component Name Marks Allocation Marks Obtained 6 - A (Network Modelling) Correct Parameters
Load Flow Results
Total 6 - A 5 6 - B Part A 5 Part B 5 Part C 5
