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GENETICS AND INHERITANCE QUESTIONS
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Purebred/Homozygous - CORRECT ANSWERS- An organism that has two of the SAME alleles for a gene (XX or xx) incomplete dominance - CORRECT ANSWERS- A pattern of inheritance in which two alleles, inherited from the parents, are neither dominant nor recessive. The resulting offspring have a phenotype that is a blending of the parental traits. Codominance - CORRECT ANSWERS- Situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism Non-Mandelian genetics - CORRECT ANSWERS- Inheritance patterns that express incomplete dominance polygenic traits - CORRECT ANSWERS- characteristics that are influenced by more than one pair of genes trait - CORRECT ANSWERS- A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes. amino acid - CORRECT ANSWERS- Building blocks of protein peptide - CORRECT ANSWERS- short chain of amino acids protein - CORRECT ANSWERS- An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells physical characteristic - CORRECT ANSWERS- a physical feature of an object
transcription - CORRECT ANSWERS- (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA mRNA - CORRECT ANSWERS- messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome translation - CORRECT ANSWERS- Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced ribosome - CORRECT ANSWERS- Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized. tRNA - CORRECT ANSWERS- transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome variation - CORRECT ANSWERS- Any difference between individuals of the same species. allele - CORRECT ANSWERS- An alternative form of a gene. inherited trait - CORRECT ANSWERS- a characteristic passed on from a parent to an offspring like eye or fur color karyotype - CORRECT ANSWERS- A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape. homologous chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWERS- Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis. homozygous - CORRECT ANSWERS- Having two identical alleles for a particular gene
gene - CORRECT ANSWERS- A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait test cross - CORRECT ANSWERS- breeding that can be used to determine an organism's genotype autosomes - CORRECT ANSWERS- Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome Mendel's Laws of Inheritance - CORRECT ANSWERS- 1. individuals carry two genes for EACH trait