Download Genetics Terms: Chlamydomonas, Cytoplasmic Inheritance, and Organelle Genetics and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
a motile single celled green alga about 10 micrometres in diameter that swims with two flagella. Entire genome is mapped and used a lot in DNA transformation. - Wiki The mostly widely used laboratory species, is a single celled chlorophyte. TERM 2
cytoplasmic
inheritance
DEFINITION 2 The transmission of genes that occur outside the nucleus. - Wiki Transmission of hereditary traits through self-replicating factors in the cytoplasm - for example, mitochondria and chloroplasts. TERM 3
cytoplasmic male sterility
DEFINITION 3 The total or partial male sterility associated with plant biology as the result of specific nuclear and mitochondrial interactions. - Wiki Type of pollen abortion in maize with cytoplasmic inheritance through the mitochondria. TERM 4
D-loop
DEFINITION 4 A DNA structure where the two strands of a double-stranded DNA molecule are separated for a stretch and held apart by a third strand of DNA. - Wiki Formed when part of a DNA strand is dislodged from a duplex molecule because of the partner strand's pairing with another molecule. TERM 5
endosymbiotic theory
DEFINITION 5 Theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts were originally free-living organisms that invaded ancestral eukaryotes, first perhaps as parasites, later becoming symbionts.
extranuclear
inheritance
The transmission of genes that occur outside the nucleus. - Wiki Inheritance mediated by self replicating cellular factors located outside the nucleus - for example, in mitochondria or chloroplasts TERM 7
fertility restorer
DEFINITION 7 A suppressor of cytoplasmic male sterility. TERM 8
guide RNA
DEFINITION 8 The RNAs that guide the insertion or deletion of uridine residues into mitochondrial mRNAs in kinetoplastid protists in a process known as RNA editing. - Wiki the RNA template present in telomorase. TERM 9
heteroplasmy
DEFINITION 9 The presence of a mixture of more than one type of an organellar genome (mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or plastid DNA) within a cell or individual. - Wiki the presence of two or more genetically different types of the same organelle in a single organism. TERM 10
homoplasmy
DEFINITION 10 The presence of a mutation affecting all of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copies in a mammalian cell or chloroplast DNA in a plant cell. - Wiki The presence of a mutation affecting all of the mitochondrial DNA copies in a mammalian cell.
maternal sex ratio
abberrant sex ratio in certain Drosophila species caused by cytoplasmic transmission of a parasite that is lethal to male embryos. TERM 17
mating type
DEFINITION 17 This occurs in eukaryotes that undergo sexual reproduction via isogamy. - Wiki Phenomenom in homothallic yeast in which cells switch mating type as a result of the transposition of genes. TERM 18
MERRE
DEFINITION 18 Mitochondrial disease that is extremely rare; is a point- mutation that disrupts the mitochondrial genes for tRNA-Lys and disrupts synthesis of proteins for oxidative phosphorylation. TERM 19
neutral petite
DEFINITION 19 petite (p-) is a mutant first discovered in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. - Wiki A strain of yeast with impaired respiration and small colonies resulting from a mutation in mitochondrial DNA. TERM 20
paternal
inheritance
DEFINITION 20 Extranuclear inheritance of a trait throgh cytoplasmic factors or organelles contributed by the male gamete.
petite mutant
A mutation in yeast reulting in slow growth and small colonies. TERM 22
position effect variegation
DEFINITION 22 Caused by the inactivation of a gene in some cells through its abnormal juxtaposition with heterochromatin. - Wiki Mosaic phenotype due to variation in the level of expression of a gene in different cell lineages owing to its position in the genome. TERM 23
replicative segregation
DEFINITION 23 The separation of paired alleles during meiosis so that members of each pair of alleles appear in different gametes. TERM 24
RNA
editing
DEFINITION 24 Describes those molecular processes in which the information content in an RNA molecule is altered through a chemical change in the base makeup. - Wiki Process in which certain nucleotides in RNA are chemically changed to other nucleotides after transcription. TERM 25
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
DEFINITION 25 budding yeast that have very small colonies occasionally when cells are grown on glucose-containing medium.
X linked
inheritance
the pattern of hereditary transmission of genes located in the X-chromosome; usually evident from the production of non identical classes of progeny from reciprocal crosses. TERM 32
Y linked
inheritance
DEFINITION 32 In mammals, Y-linkage refers to when a phenotypic trait is determined by an allele (or gene) on the Y chromosome.
