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Genetics Study Guide: Key Concepts and Practice Questions, Slides of Genetics

Rice UniversityGenetics

Genetics Study Guide- Be sure to review the chapters and your notes, especially the genetic diseases. 1. Know what happens in each phase of meiosis and be ...

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Genetics Study Guide- Be sure to review the chapters and your notes, especially the genetic
diseases.
1. Know what happens in each phase of meiosis and be able to draw it.
2. What are the differences between mitosis and meiosis?
3. Who is Mendel? What did he discover?
4. What is a gene?
5. How many chromosomes do humans have?
6. What is heredity?
7. What are homologous chromosomes?
8. Name the parts of a chromosome.
9. What are gametes?
10. What is fertilization? How does it affect chromosome number?
* Use the words from the word bank to match them with the correct definition. Use your
Genetics Vocabulary to help you with this part.
WORD BANK
Genes DNA Traits Offspring Punnett Square
11. This square is a way of showing possible gene combinations: _________________________
12. The characteristics that can be controlled by genes, for example the color of your eyes: _____
13. This is the chemical in the cell that stores the genes. It looks like a twisted ladder: _________
14. An organism or organisms born of a parent, for example babies. ______________________
15. This is the section of DNA from chromosomes that pass traits from parent to offspring: ___
* Use your Genetic Notes to answer the following questions.
16. How many chromosomes in total do humans have?
17. Chromosomes come in ____________. In each pair, one chromosome comes from
the______________ and the other comes from the _________________.
18. Gene pairs are represented by writing a combination of two letters this is called the ________
19. The trait or characteristic that shows up in the offspring is called the ___________________
20. What is a dominant gene and what kind of letter would you use to represent it?
21. What is recessive gene and what kind of letter would you use to represent it?
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Genetics Study Guide- Be sure to review the chapters and your notes, especially the genetic diseases.

  1. Know what happens in each phase of meiosis and be able to draw it.
  2. What are the differences between mitosis and meiosis?
  3. Who is Mendel? What did he discover?
  4. What is a gene?
  5. How many chromosomes do humans have?
  6. What is heredity?
  7. What are homologous chromosomes?
  8. Name the parts of a chromosome.
  9. What are gametes?
  10. What is fertilization? How does it affect chromosome number? *** Use the words from the word bank to match them with the correct definition. Use your Genetics Vocabulary to help you with this part. WORD BANK Genes DNA Traits Offspring Punnett Square**
  11. This square is a way of showing possible gene combinations: _________________________
  12. The characteristics that can be controlled by genes, for example the color of your eyes: _____
  13. This is the chemical in the cell that stores the genes. It looks like a twisted ladder: _________
  14. An organism or organisms born of a parent, for example babies. ______________________
  15. This is the section of DNA from chromosomes that pass traits from parent to offspring: ___ *** Use your Genetic Notes to answer the following questions.**
  16. How many chromosomes in total do humans have?
  17. Chromosomes come in ____________. In each pair, one chromosome comes from the______________ and the other comes from the _________________.
  18. Gene pairs are represented by writing a combination of two letters this is called the ________
  19. The trait or characteristic that shows up in the offspring is called the ___________________
  20. What is a dominant gene and what kind of letter would you use to represent it?
  21. What is recessive gene and what kind of letter would you use to represent it?

*** Read the following scenarios and draw a Punnett Square. Be careful with your combinations and your labeling.**

  1. In Mickey Mouses’ family, big ears (E) is dominant to little ears (e). Write the genotypes and the phenotypes for Mickey Mouses’ family. Genotype: _____________ _______________ _________________ _______________ Phenotype: _____________ _______________ _________________ _______________

  2. When Mrs. Kulik completed her virtual lab, the big nose was dominant (N) to a small nose (n). Draw a Punnett Square and then write the possible Genotypes and the Phenotypes. Genotypes: ____________ ________________ ________________ _______________ Phenotypes: ___________ _______________ _________________ _______________

  3. This trait is masked when the dominant allele is present. ______________________

  4. Different forms of genes are called _____________________

  5. He is considered the "father of modern day genetics." ____________________

  6. Passing of traits from parents to offspring is called _________________.

  7. This trait will always show up if the allele for this trait is present ________________.

  8. If two different alleles for a trait are present the item is considered a ______________.

  9. If an organism has two identical alleles for a trait (example TT or tt) it is said to be ______________________.

  10. A chart used to track which members of a family will have a particular trait is __________________.

  11. If an organism has two different alleles for a trait example (Tt) it is said to be ___________.

  12. A chart that shows all the possible genetic outcomes of a cross is a ____________.

  13. The likelihood an event will occur is _________________.

  14. When alleles are not dominant or recessive. Both alleles are expressed in the subject. ________________.

  1. What is the name of the following chart? _____________________
  2. What type of inheritance does it show?

Genetics Study Guide KEY- Be sure to review the chapters and your notes, especially the genetic diseases.

  1. Know what happens in each phase of meiosis and be able to draw it.
  2. What are the differences between mitosis and meiosis? Mitosis Meiosis Produces diploid daughter produces haploid daughters Produces 2 daughters produces 4 daughters One division two divisions IDENTICAL DAUGHTERS GENETICALLY DIFFERENT DAUGHTERS
  3. Who is Mendel? What did he discover? Austrian monk, “Father of Genetics” Rules of inheritance
  4. What is a gene? Segment of DNA that controls a trait
  5. How many chromosomes do humans have? 46
  6. What is heredity? Passing on traits to offspring
  7. What are homologous chromosomes? Matching pairs

*** Read the following scenarios and draw a Punnett Square. Be careful with your combinations and your labeling.**

  1. In Mickey Mouses’ family, big ears (E) is dominant to little ears (e). Write the genotypes and the phenotypes for Mickey Mouses’ family. Genotype: _____________ _______________ _________________ _______________ Phenotype: _____________ _______________ _________________ _______________

  2. When Mrs. Kulik completed her virtual lab, the big nose was dominant (N) to a small nose (n). Draw a Punnett Square and then write the possible Genotypes and the Phenotypes. Genotypes: ____________ ________________ ________________ _______________ Phenotypes: ___________ _______________ _________________ _______________

  3. This trait is masked when the dominant allele is present. ______________________

  4. Different forms of genes are called _____________________

  5. He is considered the "father of modern day genetics." ____________________

  6. Passing of traits from parents to offspring is called _________________.

  7. This trait will always show up if the allele for this trait is present ________________.

  8. If two different alleles for a trait are present the item is considered a ______________.

  9. If an organism has two identical alleles for a trait (example TT or tt) it is said to be ______________________.

  10. A chart used to track which members of a family will have a particular trait is __________________.

  11. If an organism has two different alleles for a trait example (Tt) it is said to be ___________.

  12. A chart that shows all the possible genetic outcomes of a cross is a ____________.

  13. The likelihood an event will occur is _________________.

  14. When alleles are not dominant or recessive. Both alleles are expressed in the subject. ________________.

  1. Genes found on the X or Y chromosomes are __________________.
  2. A person who has an allele for a disease but does not show symptoms of the disease. _________________.
  3. Hemophilia, sickle cell and cystic fibrosis are considered __________________.
  4. _______________ are composed mostly of DNA.
  5. A _____________________ (shaped like a twisted ladder) is made up of four different nitrogen bases.
  6. The process of _________________ is when each parent's cell divides twice to produce sex cells that have only half the number of chromosomes.
  7. Complete the Punnett Square. What percent of offspring will show the dominant phenotype?______________ What percent will be heterozygous? _______________ A a

A

a

  1. What are the physical traits displayed in an organism? _________________
  2. TT is what type of allele? Dominant or recessive?
  3. ______________ is the genetic makeup or allele combination an organism has.
  4. tt is what type of allele? Dominant or recessive?
  5. _____________ alleles can be seen in the offspring when present.
  6. ______________ alleles can be hidden by the presence of a dominant allele.
  7. In a double helix, Adenine is paired with __________________.
  8. In a double helix, Cytosine is paired with __________________.