GENETICS TEST PREP: FRESHMAN BIOLOGY BOOTCAMP, Exams of Biology

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EXAM PREPARATION GUIDE

GENETICS TEST PREP: FRESHMAN BIOLOGY

BOOTCAMP

CERTIFICATION REVIEW GUIDE 2026 EDITION PRACTICE QUESTIONS MODEL ANSWERS EXAM REVIEW MATERIALS

Genetics Test- Freshman Biology

heredity the passing of traits from parent to offspring genetics the study of how traits are passed on allele Alternate forms of a gene gene A sequence of DNA that determines a trait and is passed from parent to offspring

GENETICS TEST PREP: FRESHMAN BIOLOGY

BOOTCAMP

2026 EDITION

heterozygous 2 "different" alleles for a trait homozygous An organism that has two of the "same" alleles for a trait Allele The different forms of a gene Dominant Allele An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present

Recessive Allele An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present Homozygous Having two identical alleles for a trait Heterozygous Having two different alleles for a trait Genotype An organisms genetic makeup, or allele combinations

Chromosome Coiled chromatin, 46 are found in human body cells Mitosis Cell division where the chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. Meiosis Cell division that halves the number of chromosomes when forming sex cells Heredity the passing of traits from parents to offspring

Genetics the study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring; the scientific study of how genes control the characteristics of plants and animals gene a section on a chromosome that has genetic information for one trait dominant gene genes that are in control of what characteristics living things show recessive genes genes that are usually not seen, unless found in pairs

A genotype with two of the same size letters. Ex. gg, GG Allele A version of a gene represented by a letter. There are two of these in each genotype. Genotype The two letters that represent the genes of one parent. We need two of these to make a Punnett square. Phenotype The trait or words explaining what a genotype means. Ex. Short pea plant Probability The likelihood that a particular trait will be passed on from parent to offspring.

Cross The exchange of genetic material during reproduction. DNA A molecule that contains the genetic instructions to make each organism. Gene A part of DNA that carries information that determines your traits. Chromosome In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread- like structures called ___________________. Each is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure. Offspring