Genome - Human Resource - Lecture Slides, Slides of Human Resource Management

Human Resource is a fundamental branch of Management Sciences. In these Lecture Slides of HRM, the Lecturer has discussed the following key concepts : Genome, Nonreplicating Genome, Nondividing Cell, Memory, Cells, Neurons, Replicating Chromosome, Autonomous, Dividing Cell, Host Chromosome

Typology: Slides

2012/2013

Uploaded on 07/25/2013

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State of the Genome
Nonreplicating genome in a nondividing cell
!- HSV and VZV in neurons
!- HIV in memory T cells
Autonomous self replicating chromosome in a
dividing cell
!- HPV, HCV, HBV and EBV, KSHV
Integrated in host chromosome, replicates
with host
!- Parvoviruses
!- HHV6
12
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State of the Genome

• Nonreplicating genome in a nondividing cell

! - HSV and VZV in neurons ! - HIV in memory T cells

• Autonomous self replicating chromosome in a

dividing cell ! - HPV, HCV, HBV and EBV, KSHV

• Integrated in host chromosome, replicates

with host ! - Parvoviruses ! - HHV 12

Sindbis Virus

• Injection into adult mouse brain results in

persistent, noncytopathic infection

• Injection into neonatal mouse brain results

in lethal infection

• Why? It’s all about the milieu

! - neonatal neurons lack proteins that block virus-induced apoptosis

13

Measles Virus Infection Pattern

15

SSPE - Hypothesis

• Measles enters brain in infected lymphocytes

• Antibody blocks cell - cell fusion

! - removal of fusion protein from surface allows persistence of portions of virus ! - a slow infection, not persistent

• Low levels of envelope, no virions but

nucleoprotein complexes spread from cell to cell

• SSPE develops after 6 - 8 years

16

Control of Latent Herpesvirus

Genomes

• HSV - LAT transcripts derived from a single

region of the chromosome accumulate

• VZV - small subset of aberrantly localized

proteins may accumulate

• EBV - virus proteins and small viral RNAs

are synthesized ! - required to maintain the latent state ! - modulate host response

• HCMV & KSHV - micro RNAs are thought

to play a role in establishment of latency 18

Acquisition of

CytoMegaloVirus

19

HCMV Infections

• Infection^ in utero^ can be devastating

• Early childhood, less so

! - virus persists in salivary and mammary glands and semen

• Reactivation can be with dire consequences

! - blood transfusion ! - organ donations

• miRNAs expressed by CMV^ in vitro^ and^ in vivo

! - are tissue specific ! - associated with a specific stage of viral infection 21

The First Rule of Latency

• Without reactivation there is no latency

• Without reactivation there is no advantage

as the virus can no longer spread

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