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Geotechnical Engineering 1 - Chapter 1-
FORMULA 1 - correct answer W=Ww + Ws FORMULA 2 - correct answer V = Vv + Vs + Vw V= Vv + Vs FORMULA 3 - correct answer e = Vv/Vs FORMULA 4 - correct answer n = Vv/V FORMULA 5 - correct answer S= Vw/Vv FORMULA 6 - correct answer ω = Ww/Ws FORMULA 7 - correct answer γ moist = W/ V FORMULA 8 - correct answer e = n / 1-n FORMULA 9 - correct answer n = e / 1 + e FORMULA 10 - correct answer γ moist = W/V = (Ws + Ww )/ 1 +e γ moist = Ws (1 + Ww/Ws) / V γ moist = Ws (1 + ω )/ V FORMULA 11 - correct answer γ dry = Ws/V
FORMULA 12 - correct answer V = Ws (1 + ω )/ γ moist γ dry = Ws/ V = Ws/Ws(1+w)/γ moist γ dry = γ moist/ 1+ ω FORMULA 13 - correct answer ρ moist = m/v FORMULA 14 - correct answer ρ dry = ms/v FORMULA 15 - correct answer γ moist = ρ moist (g) / 1000 γ moist = 9.81 ρ moist / 1000 FORMULA 16 - correct answer γ dry = ρ dry (g) / 1000 γ dry = 9.81 ρ dry / 1000 FORMULA 17 - correct answer γ moist = W/V= Ww + Ws/1+e Gs = γs/γw; γs = Ws/ V Gs = Ws/ γw Ws = Gsγw Ww = wWs Ww = wGsγw γ moist = Gsγw (1 + ω)/ 1 + e FORMULA 18 - correct answer γ dry = Ws/ V γ dry = Gsγω/ 1 + e FORMULA 19 - correct answer Gsω= eS FORMULA 20 - correct answer γ sat = W/V = Ws + Ww/ 1 +e
ω = n / Gs (1-n) WOLMAR FELLENIUS (1876-1957) - correct answer He developed the stability analysis of undrained saturated clay slopes with the assumption that the critical surface of sliding is the arc of a circle. GARISENDA TOWER - correct answer At any rate, the Garisendas did not invest enough in a solid foundation, and the tower, stands 48 meters high now. Originally 60 meters in height, has sunk considerably over the centuries and leans about 3 meters towards the south. It has tilted about 4 degrees. SOIL - correct answer is defined as the uncemented aggregate of mineral grains and decayed organic matter (solid particles) with liquid and gas in the empty spaces between the solid particles. SOIL - correct answer Used as a construction material in various civil engineering projects, it supports structural foundations. IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING THE PROPERTIES OF SOIL - correct answer
- For ensuring the safety and durability of substructures.
- Soil is a material that generally does not have consistency in its properties, but during designs, it is important to ensure that there is adequate consistency in the soil properties.
- Geotechnical surveys are critical to determine whether the ground can support foundations and any buildings, and it's necessary for the protection of both life and property.
- Geotechnical engineers study and test soil and rock to determine their engineering properties and how they can support foundations or retain tall walls of earth. SOIL MECHANICS - correct answer Is the branch of science that deals with the study of the physical properties of soil and the behavior of soil masses subjected to various types of forces. SOIL ENGINEERING - correct answer Is the application of the principles of soil mechanics to practical problems.
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING - correct answer Subdiscipline of civil engineering that involves natural materials found close to the surface of the earth. GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING - correct answer It also includes the application of the principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics to the design of foundations, retaining structures, and earth structures. GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING PRIOR TO THE 18TH CENTURY - correct answer The record of a person's first use of soil as a construction material is lost in antiquity. In true engineering terms, the understanding of geotechnical engineering began early in the ________ (Skempton, 1985) THE GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA - correct answer The construction of this posed formidable challenges regarding foundations, stability of slopes, and construction of underground chambers. In order to build these, they used special mortar to help it survive for a long period of time. LEANING TOWER OF PISA - correct answer Located in Italy; is one of the most famous examples of problems related to soil-bearing capacity in the construction of structures prior to the 18th century. ASINELLI TOWER - correct answer The Asinelli tower, which is 97 meters high and weighs 7300 metric tons. It has tilted about 1.3 degrees. Willis Tower - correct answer 110-storey-building; highest tower in the world GOLDEN GATE - correct answer Located in San Francisco, California; A suspension bridge that is considered as the most beautiful bridge in the world. PRECLASSICAL PERIOD OF SOIL MECHANICS (1700-1776) - correct answer This period concentrated on studies relating to natural slope and unit weights of various types of soil, as well as semi-empirical earth pressure theories.
HENRI PHILIBERT GASPARD DARCY (1803-1858) - correct answer In 1856, he published a study on the permeability of sand filters. Based on this, he defined the term coefficient of permeability of soil, as a very useful parameter in geotechnical engineering to this day. SIR GEORGE HOWARD DARWIN (1845-1912) - correct answer A professor of astronomy conducted laboratory tests to determine the overturning moment on a hinged wall retaining sand in a loose and dense state of compaction. JOSEPH VALENTIN BOUSSINESQ (1842-1929) - correct answer Another noteworthy contribution which was published in 1885 by Joseph Valentin was the development of the theory of stress distribution under load-bearing areas in a homogeneous, semi-infinite, elastic, and isotropic medium. MODERN SOIL MECHANICS (1910-1927) - correct answer In this period, results of research conducted on clays were published in which the fundamental properties and parameters of clay were established. ALBERT MAURITZ ATTERBERG (1846-1916) - correct answer He defined clay-size fractions as the percentage by weight of particles smaller than 2 microns in size. ALBERT MAURITZ ATTERBERG (1846-1916) - correct answer He realized the importance of clay particles in a soil and the plasticity thereof. ALBERT MAURITZ ATTERBERG (1846-1916) - correct answer He also defined the plasticity index as the difference between liquid limit and plastic limit. ARTHUR LANGLEY BELL (1874-1956) - correct answer He developed relationships for lateral pressure and resistance in clay as well as bearing capacity of shallow foundation. ARTHUR LANGLEY BELL (1874-1956) - correct answer He also used shear-box tests to measure the undrained shear strength of undisturbed clay specimen.
ARTHUR CASAGRANDE (1902-1981) - correct answer He developed the liquid limit apparatus, the hydrometer test, the horizontal capillarity test, the consolidation apparatus, and the direct shear apparatus. ARTHUR CASAGRANDE (1902-1981) - correct answer He made many contributions to the analysis of soft clays, soil composition, and classification, seepage, earth dams, and others. KARL TERZAGHI (1883-1963) - correct answer Father of modern soil mechanics KARL TERZAGHI (1883-1963) - correct answer He developed the theory of consolidation for clays as we known today. KARL TERZAGHI (1883-1963) - correct answer Born: October 2, 1883, in Prague Died: October 25, 1963, in Winchester, Massachusetts. KARL TERZAGHI (1883-1963) - correct answer He won the Norman medal of ASCE four times (1930, 1943, 1946, and 1955). He was given nine honorary doctorate degrees from universities in eight different countries. KARL TERZAGHI (1883-1963) - correct answer He started modern soil mechanics with his theories of consolidation, lateral earth pressures, bearing capacity, and stability. RALPH PECK (1912-2008) - correct answer He worked as an assistant to Karl Terzaghi.He was a teacher, mentor, friend, and counselor to generations of geotechnical engineers in every country in the world. IGNEOUS ROCK - correct answer Are formed by the solidification of molten magma ejected from deep within the earth's mantle. Plutons - correct answer Intrusive igneous rocks are formed when magma cools and ceases its mobility below the earth's surface.
Glacial soils, Alluvial soils, Lacustrine soils, Marine soils, Aelian soils, Colluvial soils - correct answer TRANSPORTATION OF WEATHERING PRODUCTS SOIL PARTICLE SIZE - correct answer is called gravel, sand, silt, and clay, depending on the predominant size of particles within the soil.
- correct answer Are pieces of rocks with occasional particles of quartz, feldspar, and other minerals. SAND - correct answer are made of mostly quarts and feldspar. SILT - correct answer Are the microscopic soil fractions that consist of very fine quartz grains and some flake-shaped particles that are fragments of micaceous minerals. CLAY - correct answer Are mostly flake-shaped microscopic and submicroscopic particles of mica, clay minerals, and other minerals. PARTICLE SHAPE/SHAPE PARTICLES - correct answer is equally as important as the particle size distribution because it has significant influence in physical properties of a given soil. Bulky particles - correct answer are formed mostly by the mechanical weathering of rock and minerals. The shape of these particles is angular, subangular, rounded, and subrounded. Flaky particles - correct answer have very low sphericity - usually 0.01 or less. These particles are predominantly clay minerals. Needle shaped particle - correct answer are much less or common than the other two particle types. Examples of soil containing these particles are some coral deposits and attapulgite clays.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY - correct answer It is defined as the ratio of the unit weight of a given material to the unit weight of water or the ratio of the density of a given materials to the density of water. MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF SOIL - correct answer Is the determination of the size range or particles present in a soil, expressed as the percentage of the total dry weight. Sieve analysis - correct answer consists of shaking the soil sample through a set of sieves that have progressively smaller openings. Hydrometer analysis - correct answer is based on the principle of sedimentation of soil grains in water. EFFECTIVE SIZE (D10) - correct answer This parameter is the diameter in the particle size distribution curve corresponding to 10% finer. UNIFORMITY COEFFICIENT (C_u) - correct answer C_u=D_60/D_ COEFFICIENT OF GRADATION (C_c) - correct answer C_c=(D_30^2)/(D_60 (D_(10)) ) SORTING COEFFICIENT (S_O) - correct answer S_0=√(D_75/D_25 ) CURVE I - correct answer Represent a type of soil in which most of the soil grains are the same size. This is called poorly graded soil. CURVE II - correct answer Represents a soil in which the particle sizes are distributed over a wide range, termed well graded. CURVE III - correct answer Represents such a soil. This type of soil is termed gap graded.
