German language notes, Summaries of German Language

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German A1 Class Notes

Kk Kah Ll El Mm Em Nn En Oo Oh Pp Peh Qq Kuh Rr Err Ss Es (z) Tt Teh Uu Uuh

Vv Fow (f) Ww Veh (v) Xx Iks Yy Ypsilon Zz Tset (s) Die Umlauten – Umlauts Ää ae/A umlaut Öö oeu/O umlaut Üü ueh/U umlaut ß eszett/scharfes s

ch* chhh chs* ksss

Consonant *Pronunciation German Word (With translation) B p Lieb (kind) D t Bad (bath) G k Tag (day) St sht Student (student) Sp shp Sprache (language) J y Jacke (jacket) W v Woche (week) Z ts Zimmer (room)

'ß' is a consonant that does not exist in the English language, but it is pronounced with a double 'ss' sound, as in the English "miss", or the German 'weiß' (white). The general rule is that ß is used in front of long vowels, otherwise the double 'ss' is used.

Die Zahlen - Numbers

Case Case function Nominativ Nominativ e Used for the subject of a sentence Used for predicate nouns What is the subject of a sentence? The subject of a sentence is the person or thing that is “doing” the verb. To find the subject, look for the verb and ask “Who or what is doing?” (substitute the verb for “doing” -- Who or what is singing? Who or what is sleeping?) Subjects are always in the NOMINATIVE CASE.

Nominative Personal Pronoun Definite Article Indefinite Article Negating Article Possessive Article I Ich Mein You Du Dein He Er Der Ein Kein Sein She sie Die Eine Keine ihr It Es Das Ein Kein Sein We Wir Unser You all Ihr Euer They Sie Die - Keine ihr You informal Sie Die - Keine Ihr

1. We use the same table from the rules of conjugation, however;
2. Verbs ending with “d”, “m”, “n” and “t” the “e” from the “en” of the original verb is retained however we omit the “n” from the “en”. Although exceptions apply to verbs with the verb ending “lm” “ln” “rm” and “rn” Verbs ending with d and t endings Ich “e” Du “est” Er “et” sie “et” Es “et” Wir “en” Ihr “et” Sie “en” sie “en”
3. Verbs ending with z, x, esstsett, ss, and s in the personal pronoun we don’t add a “st” but rather a “t” only. Verbs ending with z,x, scharfes s, ss and s endings Ich “e” Du “t” Er “t” sie “t” Es “t” Wir “en” Ihr “t”

Sie “en” sie “en” Regelmäßig Verben fragen spielen machen lernen besuchen frühstücken arbeiten wandern wohnen heißen schneiden antworten beobachten bilden bitten gründen mieten reden retten warten beweisen heizen mixen reisen reißen reizen setzen sitzen kaufen heiraten finden atmen rechnen begegnen öffnen trocknen zeichnen brauchen putzen tanzen ordnen räumen rufen