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GNRS 515 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS| A+
What organs are affected by coagulative necrosis that results from
hypoxia caused by severe ischemia or caused by chemical injury?
A. Lungs and pulmonary vessels
B. Brain and spinal cord
C. Kidneys and heart
D. Muscles and bones - ..........ANSWER........C. Kidneys and heart
What type of necrosis results from ischemia of neurons and glial
cells?
A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Liquefactive necrosis
C. Caseous necrosis
D. Gangrene necrosis - ..........ANSWER........B. Liquefactive
necrosis
What type of necrosis is often associated with pulmonary
tuberculosis?
A. Bacteriologic necrosis
B. Caseous necrosis
C. Liquefactive necrosis
D. Gangrenous necrosis - ..........ANSWER........ B. Caseous necrosis
What type of necrosis is associated with wet gangrene?
A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Liquefactive necrosis
C. Caseous necrosis
D. Gangrene necrosis - ..........ANSWER........B. Liquefactive
necrosis
B. Functions to remove cells so new cells can replace them
C. Intracellular enzymes are released into the circulation
D. Not associated with surrounding inflammatory reaction -
..........ANSWER.
C. Intracellular enzymes are released into the
circulation
A nurse is discussing preinvasive epithelial tumors of glandular or
squamous cell origin. What is the nurse describing?
A. Tumor in differentiation
B. Dysplastic
C. Cancer in situ
D. Cancer beyond (meta) situ - ..........ANSWER........ C. Cancer in
situ
A patient has a tissue growth that was diagnosed as cancer. Which
of the following terms best describes this growth?
A. Neoplasm
B. Lipoma
C. Meningioma
D. Hypertrophy - ..........ANSWER........A. Neoplasm
An oncologist is discussing when a cancer cell loses
differentiation. Which of the following is the oncologist
describing?
A. Autonomy
B. Anaplasia
C. Pleomorphic
D. Metastasis - ..........ANSWER........B. Anaplasia
A primary care provider is attempting to diagnose cancer and is
looking for a tumor marker. Which of the following could be a
possible marker?
A. Red blood cells
B. Apoptotic cells
D. New Blood Vessel Growth - ..........ANSWER...... D. New Blood
Vessel Growth
A Patient Has Been Researching Telomere Caps On The Internet.
Which Statement Indicates The Patient Has A Good
Understanding? The Presence Of Telomere Caps Gives Cancer
Cells:
A. The Ability To Divide Over And Over Again
B. Clonal Distinction
C. Limited Mitosis
D. Mutation Abilities - ..........ANSWER.......A. The Ability To
Divide Over And Over Again
Which Of The Following Indicates A Nurse Understands A
Proto-Oncogene? A Proto-Oncogene Is Best Defined As A(N)
Gene.
A. Normal
B. Altered
C. Inactive
D. Tumor-Suppressor - ..........ANSWER....... A. Normal
Of The Following Genetic Lesions That Cause Cancer, Which Is
The Most Common?
A. Insertions
B. Deletions
C. Point Mutations
D. Amplification - ..........ANSWER........B. Point Mutations
A 45-Year-Old Female Was Recently Diagnosed With Cervical
Cancer. She Reports A Sexual History That Includes 43 Partners.
Which Of The Following Is The Most Likely Cause Of Her Cancer?
A. Herpesvirus
B. Rubella Virus
C. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
D. Hepatitis B Virus - ..........ANSWER. ......
C. Human
Papillomavirus (HPV)
D. Adenocarcinoma Of The Colon - ..........ANSWER..... A. Gastric
Cancer
Which Statement Indicates The Patient Has A Correct
Understanding Of Metastasis? The Most Common Route Of
Metastasis Is Through The Blood Vessels And:
A. Lung Tissue
B. Body Cavities
C. Lymphatics
D. Connective Tissues - ..........ANSWER. ......
C. Lymphatics
A Nurse Is Giving An Example Of Inflammation As An Etiology
For Cancer Development. What Is The Best Example The Nurse
Should Give?
A. Pneumonia And Lung Cancer
B. Ulcerative Colitis And Colon Cancer
C. Prostatic Hypertrophy And Prostate Cancer
D. Hypercholesterolemia And Leukemia - ..........ANSWER...... B.
Ulcerative Colitis And Colon Cancer
T/F: Obese People Are At Greater Risk For Dehydration Than
Lean People. - ..........ANSWER. True
T/F: Non-Dividing Cells, Such As Myocardial Fibers, Are
Capable Of Hypertrophy, But Not Hyperplasia. - ..........ANSWER
................................................................................................... True
T/F: Dysplasia Is A Common Type Of Normal Cellular Adaptation. -
..........ANSWER....... False
T/F: Hypertrophy And Hyperplasia Rarely Occur Together. -
..........ANSWER.
False
T/F: A Man With A History Of Smoking Has A Bronchial Biopsy
Showing That The Normal Columnar Ciliated Epithelial Cells
Have Been Replaced By Stratified Squamous Epithelial Cells.
The Man Is Correctly Told That This Process Could Be Reversed
If He Quits Smoking. - ..........ANSWER. True
D. Hormonal Dysplasia - ..........ANSWER....... B. Hormonal
Hyperplasia
When The Heart's Workload Increases, What Changes Occur To The
Myocardial Cells?
A. They Divide
B. They Increase In Size
C. They Increase In Number
D. They Undergo Metaplasia - ..........ANSWER....... B. They
Increase In Size
After Ovulation, The Uterine Endometrial Cells Divide Under The
Influence Of Estrogen; This Is An Example Of Hormonal:
A. Hyperplasia.
B. Dysplasia.
C. Hypertrophy
D. Anaplasia - ..........ANSWER........A. Hyperplasia
The Abnormal Proliferation Of Cells In Response To Excessive
Hormonal Stimulation Is Called:
A. Dysplasia.
B. Pathologic Dysplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D. Pathologic Hyperplasia - ..........ANSWER. ......
D. Pathologic
Hyperplasia
Removal Of Part Of The Liver Leads To Of
The Remaining Liver Cells.
A. Dysplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Compensatory Hyperplasia
D. Compensatory Dysplasia - ..........ANSWER....... C.
Compensatory Hyperplasia
What Is A Consequence Of Leakage Of Lysosomal Enzymes During
Chemical Injury?
A. Enzymatic Digestion Of The Nucleus And Nucleolus
Occurs, Halting DNA Synthesis
B. Influx Of Potassium Ions Into The Mitochondria Occurs,
Halting The ATP Production
C. Edema Of The Golgi Body Occurs, Preventing The
Transport Of Proteins Out Of The Cell
D. Shift Of Calcium Out Of The Plasma Membrane Occurs,
Destroying The Cytoskeleton - ..........ANSWER. ...
A. Enzymatic
Digestion Of The Nucleus And Nucleolus Occurs, Halting DNA
Synthesis
In Hypoxic Injury, Why Does Sodium Enter The Cell And Cause
Swelling?
A. Because The Cell Membrane Permeability Increases For
Sodium During Periods Of Hypoxia
B. Because There Is Insufficient ATP To Maintain The Pump
That Keeps Sodium Out Of The Cell
C. Because The Lactic Acid Produced By The Hypoxia Binds
With Sodium Within The Cell
D. Because Sodium Cannot Be Transported In The Cytosol To The
Cell Membrane During Hypoxia - ..........ANSWER. B. Because
There
Is Insufficient ATP To Maintain The Pump That Keeps Sodium
Out Of The Cell
Why Are Obese People At Greater Risk For Dehydration Than Lean
People?
A. Because Adipose Cells Contain Little Water
B. Because The Metabolic Rate Of Obese Adults Is Lower Than
Lean Adults
C. Because The Rate Of Urine Output Of Obese Adults Is Higher
Than Lean Adults
D. Because Their Thirst Receptors Of The Hypothalamus Do Not
Function Effectively - ..........ANSWER. ....
A. Because Adipose
Cells
Contain Little Water
Retention Of Sodium And Water Is A Cause Of Edema Because Of An
Increase In Which Pressure?
A. Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure
B. Interstitial Hydrostatic Pressure
C. Capillary Oncotic Pressure
D. Interstitial Oncotic Pressure - ..........ANSWER. ......
A. Capillary
Hydrostatic Pressure
At The Arterial End Of Capillaries, Fluid Moves From The
Intravascular Space Into The Interstitial Space Because The:
A. Interstitial Hydrostatic Pressure Is Higher Than The
Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure
B. Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure Is Higher Than The
Capillary Oncotic Pressure
C. Interstitial Oncotic Pressure Is Higher Than The
Interstitial Hydrostatic Pressure
D. Capillary Oncotic Pressure Is Lower Than The Interstitial
Hydrostatic Pressure - ..........ANSWER...... B. Capillary
Hydrostatic
Pressure Is Higher Than The Capillary Oncotic Pressure
Low Plasma Albumin Causes Edema As A Result Of A Reduction
In Which Pressure?
A. Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure
B. Interstitial Hydrostatic Pressure
C. Capillary Oncotic Pressure
D. Interstitial Oncotic Pressure - ..........ANSWER. ......
C. Capillary
Oncotic Pressure
A Person Reports Severe Diarrhea For 2 Days. The Nurse
Understands This Stimulates A:
A. Reduction In Aldosterone Secretion
B. Reduction In Renin Secretion
C. Increase In Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion
