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Name Fakhra Munzoor Roll.#. BT REG. 14KNM Course code 6492 Course title Foreign Policy of Pakistan Q#01explain the physical feature, natural, and human resource of Pakistan, how to they contribute economy of the country? Discuss. The physical features of Pakistan. it is divided into six main regions. in the Northern Mountains in the West of the mountains, in the Indus river Plain in the Postwar Plateau and the Salt Range, the Baloch Platform in the Desert in the North of the Mountain: The northern part of the Mountains are almost all of thein the northern part of Pakistan. In this region, it is mostly the mountains are covered with snow, so fast coffee and beautiful views. K2 is the highestthe mountain is located in the area. A number of parallel ranges to be found in this area The The Himalayas and the Karakoram Mountains. The world, then, be divided into in the following series. On This Vast World, On The Sub-Himalaya On The Himalaya, In the West of the Mountains,
West of the mountains, the branches of the The Himalayas. In this part of the mountain is mostly dry, and a light rain will occur. These mountain ranges in the world, has a north-to-south, and is bordered by Afghanistan. The western mountains are divided into the following physiographic divisions: Straight to the Indus: the reindeer are important to the agricultural sector, in addition to the alluvial the soil that is deposited by the Indus river and its tributaries in that area. On The Piedmont Plains the Active floodplain of the plains the Old floodplain of the plains On alluvial terraces On the undulating Sandy plains, mountains, and sand dunes Participate in and Ran Kutcha Potwar, Salt, Ridge, Plateau state: Potwar, Salt and Ridge plateau is located between the west side of the river, and the Indian and the east side Chai Jhelum is located on the south side of the Mountain, to the North. 1.1.6 Baloch Once : on the south side of the Solomon Kirtar range, in which theThe Baloch of the plateau. It is a platform that spans across the mountains, and thethe mountains and is divided into two parts, with a Chaman, and Ornach Nal fault In the north-west side of Baluchistan found desert, this area has little rainfall, and dry salty lakes are found there. This region is rich for many minerals as coal, gold, silver, iron and copper also found there. The Deserts :
and to reduce the barriers. Pakistan is also very bad in the woods the resources, as there are only 4 % of the land area is covered with forest, with the exception of the tree of life. Water resources: Water is the basic need of their life, and without water, there would be no conceptout of my life. In Pakistan, a variety of drinking-water resources, as the,rainfall, ground water, Rivers, lakes, wells, ponds, canals, and Indian rivers, and thethe branches of which the Jhelum River, Chenab River, Ravi River, and the banks of the River Sutlej. It is a good thing in order to use them for the purposes of irrigation in the agricultural sector in Pakistan. Agricultural resources Pakistan is an agricultural country, with 70% ofof the population in the agricultural lands. It is available only in 28% of the the total surface area is suitable for cultivation. Agricultural issuesThere are four countries in Pakistan. As it is food, it is also a source of foreign currencya result, there is a market for the industry, and provides the material for the
livestock.
Livestock play an important role in the agricultural sector. In Pakistan, these are professions, dating back to the indus valley civilization in the period of about 5, years. Pakistan, which is mainly engaged in agriculture, with 67% of its population engaged in commercial agriculture farming and animal husbandry. action. The term "human resources" was first used in the 1960's, when the labour value of the relations began to attract attention, and began to form the thought, self-motivation, organization conduct, and evaluation, and selection. This is a term that is used for the to describe the management and development of employees in an organization. The
to have control over everything that is related to the human management of the the organization's tax year. Human Resource management (HRD) focuses on a number of key areas, including: On the recruitment and the human resources support On compensation and benefits On education - On labor and labor relations On organizational development Because of this, in many areas of human resources management as specialists in this area of the incident, with specific experience in one or more areas of how to. On Head of human resources On being a specialist in the benefits of the On the general information on the human resources of the On The Employment Manager On the reimbursement Specialist Job Analysis On the training and Development Manager On employers. On of the advantages of consulting On the HR Analyst Human resource management involves the development and administration of the program
to evaluate and reward employees. 2 It is a systematic process of as an employee, engage, develop and maintain in order to achieve the meet the organizational goals. It is designed to attract, develop and retain employees of the organization. It combines some of the activities of the organization, the employee the power of the organization. There are four basic Human tasks Resource management. (a) the management of human resources (b) education and training (c) the development of the (d) employee motivation It's the experience, human resources, and information technology staff to be seen as an asset, in order to make them motivated and qualified in order to achieve the meet the organizational goals. In Pakistan, both in the public and private sector development, HUMAN resource management is, to a large extent, related to the work, and the different aspects of employee satisfaction the efforts of, among other things, co-workers, and their commitment to the work, attitudes, and organizational support. Some of the educational institutions of Pakistan, the function The human resources department, however, these sections do not have a well-defined parameters.
Educational institutions tend to outsource the recruitment and selection, training and education and development. HRM practices are perceived in different ways by different organizations
. Human resource management, develop a transparent and equitable system that gives the opportunity for employment, without discrimination of any kind. HUMAN the attention-based campaigns, and policies. Human resources management is used in order to to describe both the people who are working in a company, organization, or other entity; and the head of the department responsible for managing resources related to employees. Culture and Society of Pakistan Pakistan has a rich and unique culture that has preserved established traditions throughout history. Many cultural practices, foods, monuments, and shrines were inherited from the rule of Muslim Mughal and Afghan emperors. The national dress of shalwar qamiz is originally of Central Asian origin derived from Turko-Iranian nomadic invaders and is today worn in all parts of Pakistan. Women wear brightly coloured shalwar qamiz, while men often wear solid-coloured ones. In cities western dress is also popular among the youth and the business sector. Pakistani society is largely multilingual and 96% Muslim, with high regard for traditional family values, although urban families have grown into a nuclear family system due to the socio-economic constraints imposed by the traditional joint family system. Recent decades have seen the emergence of a middle class in cities like Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Hyderabad, Faisalabad, and Peshawar that wish to move in a more liberal direction,as opposed to the northwestern regions bordering Afghanistan that remain highly conservative and dominated by centuries-old regional tribal customs. Increasing globalization has increased the influence of "Western
Day (14 August), Defence of Pakistan Day (6 September), Pakistan Air Force Day ( September), the anniversaries of the birth (25 December, a national holiday) and death (11 September) of Quaide-Azam, birth of Allama Iqbal (9 November) and the birth (30 July) and death (8 July) of Madare-Millat. Labour Day, (also known as May Day), is also observed in Pakistan on 1 May and is a public holiday. Several important religious festivals are celebrated by Pakistani Muslims during the year; the celeberation days depend on the lunar Islamic calendar. Ramadan, the ninth month of the calendar, is characterised by daytime fasting for 29 or 30 days and is followed by the festival of Eid ul-Fitr. In a second festival, Eid ul-Adha, an animal is sacrificed in remembrance of the actions of Prophet Abraham (Arabic: Ibrahim) and the meat is shared with friends, family, and the less fortunate. Both Eid festivals are public holidays, serving as opportunities for people to visit family and friends, and for children to receive new clothes, presents, and sweets. Muslims also celebrate Eid-e- Milad-un-Nabi - the birthday of the prophet MOHAMMAD (S.A.W.) - in the third month of the calendar (Rabi'' al-Awwal) and mark the Day of Ashurah on the 9th and 10th days of the first month (Muharram) to commemorate the martyrdom of Husayn bin Ali. Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs, and Christians in Pakistan also celebrate their own festivals and holidays. Sikhs come from across the world to visit several holy sites in Punjab, including the shrine of Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, at Hasan Abdal in Attock District, and his birthplace, at Nankana Sahib. Architecture The architecture of the areas now constituting Pakistan can be designated to four distinct periods — pre-Islamic, Islamic, colonial and post-colonial. With the beginning of the Indus civilization around the middle of the 3rd millennium B.C., an advanced urban culture developed for the first time in the region, with large structural facilities, some of which survive to this day. Mohenjo Daro, Harappa and Kot Diji belong to the pre-Islamic era settlements. The rise of Buddhism and the Persian and Greek influence led to the development of the Greco-Buddhist style, starting from the 1st century CE. from the 1st century CE. The high point of this era was reached with the culmination of the Gandhara style. An example of Buddhist architecture is the ruins of the Buddhist monastery Takht-i-Bahi in the northwest province.The arrival of Islam in today''s Pakistan meant a sudden end of Buddhist architecture.However, a smooth transition to predominantly picture-less Islamic architecture occurred. The most important of the few completely discovered buildings of Persian style is the tomb of the Shah Rukn-i-Alam in Multan. During the Mughal era design elements of Islamic- Persian architecture were fused with and often produced playful forms of the Hindustani art. Lahore, occasional residence of Mughal rulers, exhibits a multiplicity of important buildings from the empire, among them the Badshahi mosque, the fortress of Lahore with the famous Alamgiri Gate, the colourful, still strongly Persian seeming Wazir Khan Mosque as well as numerous other mosques and mausoleums. Also the Shahjahan Mosque of Thatta in Sindh originates from the epoch of the Mughals. In the British colonial period, predominantly functional buildings of the Indo-European representative style developed from a mixture of European and Indian-
Islamic components. Post-colonial national identity is expressed in modern structures like the Faisal Mosque, the Minar-e-Pakistan and the Mazar-e-Quaid. Literature of Pakistan The literature of Pakistan covers the literatures of languages spread throughout the country, namely Urdu, Sindhi, Punjabi, Pushto, Baluchi as well as English in recent times and in the past often Persian as well. Prior to the 19th century, the literature mainly consisted of lyric poetry and religious, mysticalpopular materials. During the colonial age the native literary figures, under the influence of the western literature of realism, took up increasingly different topics and telling forms. Today, short stories enjoy a special popularity. The national poet of Pakistan, Muhammad Iqbal, wrote mainly in the Persian language, and additionally in Urdu. His works are concerned mostly with Islamic philosophy. Iqbal''s most well-known work is the Persian poem volume Asrar-i-Khudi ("the secrets of the even"). The most famous works of early Urdu literature originated in the 14th century. The most well-known representative of the contemporary Urdu literature of Pakistan is Faiz Ahmed Faiz. Sufi Shah Abdul Latif is considered one of the most outstanding mystical poets. Mirza Kalich Beg has been termed the father of modern Sindhi prose. In Punjabi, naats and qawaalis are delivered. The Pushto literature tradition is a cultural link between Pakistan and neighbouring Afghanistan. Extensive lyric poetry and epic poems have been published in Pushto. In Baluchi language songs and ballads are popular. Diverse Culture of Pakistan Modern Pakistanis are a blend of their Harappan, Indo-Aryan, Indo-Iranian, Saka, Parthian, Kushan, White Hun, Afghan, Arab, Turkic, and Mughal heritage. Waves of invaders and migrants settled down in Pakistan through out the centuries, influencing the locals and being absorbed among them. Thus the region encompassed by modern- day Pakistan is home to the oldest Asian civlization (and one of the oldest in the world after Mesopotamia and Egypt), Indus Valley Civilization (2500 BC - 1500 BC). The Indus Valley Civilisation collapsed in the middle of the second millennium BCE and was followed by the Vedic Civilisation, which extended over much of northern India and Pakistan. Successive empires and kingdoms ruled the region from the Achaemenid Persian empire around 543 BCE, to Alexander the Great in 326 BCE and the Mauryan empire. The Indo-Greek Kingdom founded by Demetrius of Bactria included Gandhara and Punjab from 184 BCE, and reached its greatest extent under Menander, establishing the Greco-Buddhist period with advances in trade and culture. The city of Taxila (Takshashila) became a major centre of learning in ancient times - the remains of the city, located to the west of Islamabad, are one of the country''s major archaeological sites.
it is recommended, due to the scarcity of land in big cities like Karachi and Lahore, pakistan. 4.1.2 Water issues: Water is a basic human need. Unfortunately,the only 50 per cent of the population in Pakistan, and is able to receive the item. The consumption of water is dangerous, and filthy, as gastric disorders, such as gastro- intestinal disorders, or metabolic disorders, such as The government has announced the launch of the project, water treatment, filter for dirty water in the metropolitan area of Pakistan. 4.1.3 the drainage system This is a big problem in all of the cities and towns of Pakistan. Due to a lack of interest in poor planning, which is related to solid waste management, we have the issue again hard. The solid waste management infrastructure is very weak. According to the the study, the City is in a latrine seat is enjoyed by up to 20 people. City garbage management this is a headache for the government, and it is the best example of poor hygiene, which is responsible for the distribution in chronic diseases, especially of infants, between the City and to other cities as well. 4.1.4 Transport " means the Carriage, is an acute problem, a town and a district of the city. Bad roads The lack of public transport, poor infrastructure, and the traditional carriage the system offers the interference of the government in the transport sector. The proper handling of the traffic management systems is on the rise in the number of road traffic accidents in urban areas. The city suffers from the major problem of traffic congestion over the course of 4 hours, at 7 p.m.
the other built-up areas. 80 4.1.5 Health, Food resources, and urban-availability is better in rural areas, but the extent of ill-health, to viral diseases is increasing. Diseases, in the case of the Nongleria, Cheng, Chikengonia, and Dengue fever occurs mainly in the larger towns and cities. With the high infant mortality rate in the developed regions is mind-boggling, but that is because of the lack of hospitality as well as expensive medical treatment. The poor quality of the food, and the more unpleasant, the water supply of the city of in the areas in which, apparently, is a barrier to a healthy environment, and this phenomenon of global warming, on the contrary, the hurt, the inhabitants of the city. 4.1.6 schools:Literacy rate, and in the number of students is higher in urban areas than in the in urban areas, but the training program is designed to support the private sector to the mix The problems of rural areas The rural areas are all areas that are located in places that are far away from the influence of large cities and towns of the city.The countryside, in an open strip of land, a number of buildings and / or other the structures of, and not a single person. In rural areas, the people are employed in the jordbruket.De most of the districts have, for the most part, in the countryside, in the countryside. In general, in rural areas, do not
the areas that are leaders, and people in poverty-stricken areas is very high.The social and economic distortions, and forcibly pulling them out of the dark side of the page to generate a kötümser, or anti - -social approach, which is the cause of the excitement.In essence, the total amount of infrastructure in rural areas has been established since the creation of Pakistan. Better planning could not solve the problem in the rural areas of our country. 4.2.3. the Joint family system:The joint family system, the government quarter, has now become a one of the problems. Our poor peasant, on the other hand, he had to provide for his family. This is it creates a lack of savings and investment. Most of the farmers, the productivity of the consume it in their own homes. 4.2.4. the Sewage drainage system is a sensitive, open-water, standing-water is responsible for land-and air pollution in a rural area. The same fertilizer and the use is dangerous for the health of the environment, in order to make the atmosphere of evil and filthy. 82 4.2.5. the Influence of the feudal system:The feudal system, had a hard time created in the development of the village. It does not allow for the lower classes in order to get a better life. In the bottom of the the local community will remain as a hostage in the hands of the upper ruling class of the countryside community. 4.2.6 the Social evil: the Misunderstanding of religion, and in rural areas
is associated with one and the so-called " practice of terrorism. The rural clergy in the community, the correct interpretation of the Islamic directive, and the qur'anic verses in order to encourage people who are illiterate the innocent villagers, and also to motivate them to commit suicide, and the fears of the general public sites.Unfounded Populations in poor nations that suffer from protein-energy malnutrition [ 8 ] have increased susceptibility to infection [ 9 ] through the impact of micronutrient deficiency on immune system development and function [ 10 ]. Around 168 million children under 5 are estimated to be malnourished and 76% of these children live in Asia [ 11 ]. At the same time, the World Health Organization is concerned that there is an emerging pandemic of obesity in poor countries that leads to non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, hypertension, and stroke [ 12 ]. Obesity is caused by increased caloric intake and decreased physical activity [ 13 ], something historically associated with wealth. However, people in urbanized areas of developing countries are also now vulnerable to obesity due to lack of physical space, continually sitting in workplaces, and excessive energy intake and low energy expenditure. In these areas, infrastructure is often lacking, including sufficient space for recreational activities. Further, in developing countries, as in developed countries, large employers frequently place head offices in urban capitals and work is increasingly sedentary in nature [ 14 ]. Another culprit associated with the risk of developing obesity is the change in food intake that has led to the so-called nutrition transition (increased the consumption of animal-source foods, sugar, fats and oils, refined grains, and processed foods) in urban areas. For instance, in China, dietary patterns have changed concomitantly with urbanization in the past 30 years, leading to increased obesity [ 15 ]. In 2003, the World Health Organization estimated that more than 300 million adults were affected, the majority in developed and highly urbanized countries [ 16 ]. Since then, the prevalence of obesity has increased. For example, in Australia, around 28% of adults were obese in 2014–2015 [ 17 ]. Pollution is another major contributor to poor health in urban environments. For instance, the World Health Organization estimated that 6.5 million people died (11.6% of all global deaths) as a consequence of indoor and outdoor air pollution and nearly 90% of air-pollution-related deaths occurred in low- and middle-income countries [ 18 ]. Poor nutrition and pollution both contribute to a third major challenge for urban populations: communicable diseases. The poor live in congested conditions, near open sewers and stagnant water, and are therefore constantly exposed to unhealthy waste [ 6 ]. Inadequate sanitation can lead to the transmission of helminths and other intestinal parasites. Pollution (e.g., from CO 2 emission) from congested urban areas contributes to localized and global climate change and direct health problems, such as
universal health coverage to reduce wealth disparity among urban dwellers; including introduction of programs and services for health, for example by establishing primary healthcare clinics accessible and affordable for all including those living in urban slums [ 23 ]. INTRODUCTION Industrialization is considered essential to the rapid development of the country since industrialization. Agricultural-based countries remain underdeveloped, while industrialized countries receive higher rates of development. Developed countries promote greater industrialization and transfer benefits to agriculture. They have gained a balance of growth in various sectors of the economy. Pakistan at the time of the split in 1947 has an neglected industrial base. The government has used all available resources to quickly develop the manufacturing sector. We evaluate industrial performance as follows: From 1947 to 1950 In 1947, in West Pakistan the main production was cotton but there was no large processing and production factory and East Pakistan was a leading producer and supplier of jute. In 921 Pakistan acquired only 34 industries. The Pakistani government is aware of the importance of the so-called industrial summit in December. In 1947 the conference recommended the establishment of industries that used local products such as jute, cotton, and leather. The private sector was encouraged to establish industries. With the above implementation of the development board and industrial Pakistan and the Debt Company was established in 1948. Industrial sector contribution to GDP was 6.9% in 1950. From 1950 to 1960 Private companies have not invested in heavy industries due to lack of funding, technical expertise and lack of businesses. The government took action and established the PIDC in 1952. The main investment of PIDC was paper and paper, cement, fertilizer, jute mills and suigas pipes. The industrial sector's contribution to GDP increased from 9.7% to 11.9%. From 1960 to 1970
This year includes the 2nd edition of the fifth and third editions. In the second two- year plan, 22.2% of total expenditure was spent on growing the industrial sector. The country has gained independence from its consumer values. The contribution of the industrial sector to the GNP has risen to 11.8% from 1960-65. The 3-year program can achieve partial success due to the war with India in 1965. The growth rate was 7.8% compared to the target target of 10%. Growing up in the 1970s Industrial performance in production, growth and exports was disappointing from 1971 to 1977. The main reasons were the fragmentation of eastern Pakistan, suspension of foreign aid, falling exports due to market losses (eastern Pakistan), devaluation of the rand to 131%, industrialization, labor unrest, declining global market power and declining investment incentives. financial. The annual growth rate dropped to 2.8%. Growing from 1977 onwards The government has taken many measures to revive the economy. Some industries were segregated on their own and the private sector was encouraged to invest. The growth rate was 5.7% in 1989-90. Current Growth According to an economic study in Pakistan, for 2009-2010, accounts generate 18.5% 0f GDP and 13% of total employment. Large scale production and small quantities accounted for 12.2% and 4.9% of total GDP respectively. Manufacturing Industry in Regional Countries The role of industry in economic development
