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History of Green Computing • Why Green Computing is needed? • Core Objectives of Green • Approaches to green computing • Advantage and disadvantage of Green Computing
Typology: Assignments
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MA’AM HINA ISMAT
MARYAM BUTT
BS-PHYSICS ( 3
rd
BSF
UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION
DIVISION OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, TOWNSHIP CAMPUS,LAHORE
CONTENT
5. Approaches to green computing
A. Virtualization It is the process of running two or more logical computer systems on one set of physical hardware. With virtualization, a system administrator could combine several physical systems into virtual machines on one single, powerful system, thereby unplugging the original hardware and reducing power and cooling consumption. It can make the most efficient use of available system resources.
B. Power Supply Desktop Computer Power Supplies(PSUs) are in general 70–75% efficient, dissipating the remaining energy as heat. An industry initiative called 80 PLUS certifies PSUs that are at least 80% efficient; typically these models are drop-in replacements for older, less efficient PSUs of the same form factor. As of July 20, 2007, all new Energy Star 4.0-certified desktop PSUs must be at least 80% efficient.
C. Power Management The Advanced Configuration and Power Interface(ACPI), an open industry standard, allows an operating system to directly control the power-saving aspects of its underlying hardware. This allows a system to automatically turn off components such as monitors and hard drives after set periods of inactivity. In addition, a system may hibernate, where most components (including the CPU and the system RAM) are turned off. Some programs allow the user to manually adjust the voltages supplied to the CPU, which reduces both the amount of heat produced and electricity consumed. This process is called undervaluing. Some CPUs can automatically under volt the processor, depending on the workload; this technology is called “Speed Step" on Intel processors.
D. Storage: Smaller form factor (e.g., 2.5 inch) hard disk drives often consume less power per gigabyte than physically larger drives. Unlike hard disk drives, solid -state -drives store data in flash memory or DRAM. With no moving parts, power consumption may be reduced somewhat for low-capacity flash-based devices.
E. Video Card: A fast GPU may be the largest power consumer in a computer. Energy-efficient display options include: No video card - use a shared terminal, shared thin-client, or desktop sharing software if display required. Use motherboard video output - typically low 3D performance and low power.
Select a GPU based on low idle power, average wattage, or performance-per –watt.
F. Materials Recycling Recycling computing equipment can keep harmful materials such as lead, mercury, and hexavalent chromium out of landfills, and can also replace equipment that otherwise would need to be manufactured, saving further energy and emissions. Computer systems that have outlived their particular function can be repurposed, or donated to various charities and non-profit organizations. However, many charities have recently imposed minimum system requirements for donated equipment. Additionally, parts from outdated systems may be salvaged and recycled through certain retail outlets and municipal or private recycling centers. Computing supplies, such as printer cartridges, paper, and batteries may be recycled as well.
G. Display CRT monitors typically use more power than LCD monitors. They also contain significant amounts of lead. LCD monitors typically use a cold-cathode fluorescent bulb to provide light for the display. Some newer displays use an array of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in place of the fluorescent bulb, which reduces the amount of electricity used by the display. Fluorescent back-lights also contain mercury, whereas LED back-lights do not.
H. Telecommuting Employees working from home reduce the fuel emission that is created during commuting by vehicles. Moreover, there is reduction in overhead costs like light, electricity, etc. All this results in increased power and energy savings.
Teleconferencing and telepresence technologies are often implemented in green computing initiatives. The advantages are many;
o increased worker satisfaction, o reduction of greenhouse gas emissions related to travel, o and increased profit margins as a result of lower overhead costs for office space, heat, lighting, etc.
The savings are significant; the average annual energy consumption for U.S. office buildings is over 23 kilowatt hours per square foot,with heat, air conditioning and lighting accounting for 70% of all energy consumed.
6. Advantage and disadvantage of Green Computing
A. Advantages: Environmental Sustainability Save more money per year.
desktops. A SunRay on a desktop consumes 4 to 8 watts of power, because most of the heavy computation is performed by a server. Sunrays are particularly well suited for cost-sensitive environments such as call centres, education, healthcare, service providers and finance.
Asus Eee PC & ultra portables Small Size Fairly low- power CPU. Compact screen Low cost. Uses flash memory for storage.
8. Conclusion Green Computing is the environmentally responsible use of computers and related resources. So far, consumers haven't cared about ecological impact when buying computers, they've cared only about speed and price. Devices use less and less power while renewable energy gets more and more portable and effective. The greenest computer will not miraculously fall from the sky one day, it’ll be the product of years of improvements.
