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OB/GYN ARDMS REGISTRY REVIEW LATEST FINAL
EXAM (2025) COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS (DETAILED & ELABORATED) ACTUAL
EXAM 2025 TEST!!
Rhombencephalon - CORRECT ANSWER >>> The primitive hindbrain can be seen as a cystic structure with in the embryonic head? Decidua Basalis - CORRECT ANSWER >>> The maternal side of the developing placenta is referred to as the? 1 mm/day - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Up to 10 weeks gestational age, the mean diameter of the normal gestational sac should grow? 12 weeks CRL measures > 45mm - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Physicologic hernation of fetal intestines outside the abdomen should not be seen after what gestational age? 7 mm - CORRECT ANSWER >>> The base of the umbilical cord should not exceed? 3600 units/liter 2000 units/liter - CORRECT ANSWER >>> One should be able to transabdominally image a gestational sac when the IRC level for hCG is = or >? Transvaginally? Hydatiform Mole - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Patient is 10 weeks by menstrual dates with pregnancy induced hypertension. You suspect?
Preeclamsia - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Almost always pathonomonic of a molar pregnancy in the 1st trimester? Dilated cervix - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Pregnant patient presents with bledding and cramping. What would be suspect of an inevitable abortion? Heteroectopic pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER >>> An ectopic with a normal IUP? Yolk Sac - CORRECT ANSWER >>> To differentiate an early IUP from a pseudogestational sac, it is helpful to visualize? 6mm Irregulary shaped Calcified - CORRECT ANSWER >>> A yolk sac is considered abnormal when it's diameter exceed? Shape? Appearance? Methotrexate - CORRECT ANSWER >>> What drug can be used to treat an early unruptured ectopic pregnancy in order to preserve fertility? Anteflexed - CORRECT ANSWER >>> The most common position of a uterus is? Interstitual Rupture is accompanied by bleeding from the uterin arteries - CORRECT ANSWER >>> In a ruptured extopic pregnancy, which section of the tube is most life threatening? Why?
Hyperemesis gravidarum Large for gestational age All characteristics of? CRL - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Most reliable calculation for the EDC is? 11 weeks - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Because of spinal segmentation, CRL begins to loose accuracy after how many weeks? Vitelline Duct (omphalomesenteric duct) - CORRECT ANSWER >>> The structure that initially maintains a connction between the yolk sac and embryo once they diverge from each other? Contains and artery and a vein. Nuchal translucency - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Thickening of the nuchal soft tissue during the 1st trimester and a strong corrolation for chromosomal defects? Shirodkar Procedure - CORRECT ANSWER >>> A procedure preformed to treat and incompentent cervix. The most complicated, the suture is almost completely buried beneath the cervical mucosa? McDonald Procedure - CORRECT ANSWER >>> A procedure preformed to treat and incompentent cervix with a less invasive outcome using a purse string suture. Ectopic - CORRECT ANSWER >>> With this type of pregnancy, the most common symptom is pain? Interstital - CORRECT ANSWER >>> An ectopic pregnancy in this part of the tube is more life threatening?
3mm - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Normally, nuchal translucency doesn't exceed? Chorid Plexus - CORRECT ANSWER >>> This lies within the atria of the lateral ventricals bilaterally? Lateral Ventricular Atria - CORRECT ANSWER >>> In ruling out hydrocephalus, where would one 1st begin to see enlargement? 1cm in largest dimension transversely - CORRECT ANSWER >>> The normal measurements for the lateral ventricla of the fetal brain are? 3 ossidication centers (2 posterior pointing toward each other, 1 anterior) **- CORRECT ANSWER
** When the fetal spine is imaged transversly, the ultrasound demonstrates? M-mode - CORRECT ANSWER >>> What US modality would you us to prove fetal life on a frozen image? Left Atrium - CORRECT ANSWER >>> The anatomic structure closest to the spine in a 4chamber heart view is? Fetal Heart - CORRECT ANSWER >>> This occupies 1/3 of the chest cavity pointing toward the left side of the fetus? RVOT - Pulmonary Artery LVOT - Ascending Aorta - CORRECT ANSWER >>> The great vessels of the heart consist of?
Posterior Urethral Valves - CORRECT ANSWER >>> The bladder of the male fetus is sometimes enlarged because of? Most common cause of male fetus bladder obstruction outlet? Clocal Malformation or Urethral Atresia - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Most common female bladder obstruction outlet? Iliac Bones - CORRECT ANSWER >>> What structures can be seen at the level of the bladder using a coronal view of the fetal pelvis on an OB exam? Abdomenal Circumference - CORRECT ANSWER >>> When you image the fetal stomach transverse at the level of the portal vien, you are at the right level for what measurement? MSAFP Triple Screen CVS Amniocentesis - CORRECT ANSWER >>> What lab tests are performed to determine if a fetus has a neural tube defect or Down's syndrome? Amniocentesis - CORRECT ANSWER >>> This test can rule out Down's syndrome? Fetal Anatomy - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 2nd trimester OB US are better than 1st trimester in determining? Vertex - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Most favortable position of the baby for birth where the crown area of the head presents first?
Vasa Previa - CORRECT ANSWER >>> In sagittal midline view, if the cord is positioned near the cervical os, this is called? 37 weeks - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Dr's usually don't consider a C-section due to previa until what gestational week? Chorion and Decidua - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Th placenta developes from the? Excessive Wharton's jelly - CORRECT ANSWER >>> A thickened appearing cord is most likely from? Functions of the placenta - CORRECT ANSWER >>> This produces alpha-fetoprotein, provides nurishment for the fetus as well as protection? Succenturiate Placenta - CORRECT ANSWER >>> An accessory placenta lobe is called? 2cm - CORRECT ANSWER >>> A placenta previa can be ruled out if the placental edge is at least how far from the internal cervical os? Placenta Accreta - CORRECT ANSWER >>> A severe OB complication involving an abnormally deep attachment of the placenta through the endometrium and myometrium? Hydrops Infection Triploidy-lethal chromosome abnormality (69 instead of 46) Diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER >>> A placental measuring 7cm in the greatest AP dimension may be associated with?
30 weeks - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Cerebellar measurements can be used to estimate gestational age but loose accuracy after? 30 weeks - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Epiphyseal centers will not be identified sonographically until after? Leading Edge - CORRECT ANSWER >>> BPD position calipers on outer edge of anterior skull and inner edge of posterior skull is termed? Amniocentesis - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Fetal lung maturity is best determined by? Naegele's rule (approx. 280 days) - CORRECT ANSWER >>> One can caluclate a patient's due date by adding 9 months + 7 days to the 1st day of last period. This is done according to? Hegar's sign - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Present in 1st trimester, softening of utern consistancy and possibility to palpate the connection between cervix and fundus? Chadwick's sign - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Present in the 1st trimester, bluish discoloration of cervix, vagina and labia caused by the hormone estrogen causing venous congestion? Amenorrhea - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Absence of menstrual period? Quickening - CORRECT ANSWER >>> When the mother start to feel movement between 16 and 20 weeks? 1mm (reliable up to 10 weeks) - CORRECT ANSWER >>> The size of the gestational sac should increase daily by?
3 - CORRECT ANSWER >>> If no embryo is seen within a sac, one can roughly calculate the gestational age in weeks by measuring the mean sac diameter and adding ___ to it? 2 weeks - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Gestational sac measurements are accurate in estimating gestational age to within how many weeks? Cerebellar length Binocular distance Renal length Humerus length - CORRECT ANSWER >>> What anatomy can be measured to confirm gestational age? Angle of Asynclitism - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Determining the tilt of the head within the uterus is helpful in obtaining the correct angle for the BPD and circumference. This is called finding the? Clavical - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Which long bone is least likely to be affected by IUGR? Fetal stomach and gallbladder - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Measure the abdominal circumference at the level of? BPD - CORRECT ANSWER >>> The head circumference is considered more accurate than the? Intrauterine Growth Retardation - CORRECT ANSWER >>> IUGR stands for? Non-stress test - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Calculates fetal heart rate according to fetal activity?
Caudal Regression Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Anomaly associated with maternal DM and is an abnormal development of the lower spine? Trisomy 21 - CORRECT ANSWER >>> If a patient's AFP level is low, one should check for? Ventricular - CORRECT ANSWER >>> These measurements in the head are consistant throughout the pregnancy? Thanatrophoic dwarfism - CORRECT ANSWER >>> A skull that is shaped like a clover leaf is most likely associated with? Thanatrophoic dwarfism - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Characteristics of this are: narrow chest, small rib cage, enlarged head with large forehead and wide spaced eyes, still born or die shortly after birth from respratory failure? Vein of Galen Aneurysm - CORRECT ANSWER >>> You discover a rounded, fluid filed midline structure withing the fetal brain that shows color Doppler. This is most likely? Vein of Galen Aneursym - CORRECT ANSWER >>> This can lead to cardiac failure, hydrocephaly and subarachnoid hemorrhage in neonates? Cleft defect of the face Trisomy 13 Large monoventricle with fused thalami Usually fatal - CORRECT ANSWER >>> These are associated with alobar holoprosencephaly? FL/AC - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Which ratio is most sensitive for detecting asymetrical IUGR?
Oligohydramnios - CORRECT ANSWER >>> These are associated with? IUGR Premature rupture of membranes Bilateral renal agenesis Intrauterine fetal demise Deficiency of amniotic fluid AFI < 5-6 cm Polyhydramnios - CORRECT ANSWER >>> These are associated with? Excess of amniotic fluid AFI > 24cm Fetal renal disorders, increased urin production Impaired swallowing Anencephaly Down's syndrome Preeclampsia or Toxemia - CORRECT ANSWER >>> A patient after 20 weeks who presents with hypertension, swelling and protienuria is said to have? Eclampsia - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Hypertension causing seizures during pregnancy? Transposition of the great vessels - CORRECT ANSWER >>> What cardiac abnormallity can not be detected by the 4-chamber heart view?
4 weeks - CORRECT ANSWER >>> The postpartum uterus should revert back to pregravida size within how many weeks? Coexistent Mole and Live Fetus - CORRECT ANSWER >>> A molar pregnancy associated with a viable fetus is called? Cystadenoma - CORRECT ANSWER >>> A benign tumor derived from glandular tissue. Can make a pregnant patient present large for gestational age? Cystic Teratoma - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Germ cell tumors composed of multiple cell types derived from one or more of the 3 germ layers. Can make a pregnant patient present large for gestational age? Leiomyomas - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Benign fibroid tumor. Can make a pregnant patient present large for gestational age? Trophoblastic Disease - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Rare and appear when cells in the womb start to grow out of control. Can make a pregnant patient present large for gestational age? Dizygotic Twinning - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Caused by multiple ovulations at the same time More common in blacks Higher incidence in women over 40 Considered fraternal 30 weeks - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Twin growth is similar to singletons up to what gestational week?
Monozygotic Twins - CORRECT ANSWER >>> The same ovum split Twin-to-twin transfusion TRAP sequence Conjoined twins Cord entanglement TRAP Sequence (Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion) - CORRECT ANSWER >>> An anomily where the acardiac/acephalic twin receives all of its blood from the normal twin. Blood enters the acardiac/cephalic twin through reversed flow through its umbilical artery and exits through its umbilical vein, which is opposite of normal flow? IUGR Advanced placental grade for age Fetal demise Oligohydramnios - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Maternal hypertension is associated with? Rhogam - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Which drug is given to RH- mothers to protect against alloimmunization? Rhogam - CORRECT ANSWER >>> RhoGam prevents the development of maternal RH antibodies.
- RhoGam is given to Rh-negative mothers who have an Rh-positive fetus and who have not developed antibodies to Rh factor. 3. It is also given to Rh-negative women who have abortions or miscarriages even if the Rh factor of the fetus is not known. 4. RhoGam must be given within 72 hours of delivery or abortion. 5. RhoGam is also given at 28 weeks gestation. Fetal Blood Intrauterin Transfusion - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Packed red blood cells are introduced into the umbilical vein is called?
Polyhydramnios Macrosomic Long labor - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Causes for postpartum hemorrage? TORCH - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Perinatal infections passed from mother to baby? Toxoplasmosis Other Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes- 2 Maternal Diabetes TORCH Non-immune hydrops - CORRECT ANSWER >>> This can result in a thick, edematous placenta? Erythroblastosis Fetalis - CORRECT ANSWER >>> This can result in a thick, edematous placenta? Caused by RH-? Polyhydramnios - CORRECT ANSWER >>> AFI > 20cm Causes can be: neural tub defect, omphalacele, dwarfism, twins? Meconium - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Gree tinged particles floating in amniotic fluid are most likely? Vernix - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Shedding of skin and hair that occurs normally toward the end of pregnancy, whitish in color?
Multiples of the median (MoM) - CORRECT ANSWER >>> MSAFT results are reported in the what units of measurement? Unconjugated Estriol (uE3) Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) - CORRECT ANSWER >>> A triple marker screening measures? Abdominal wall defect Fetal demise Maternal renal abnormalities Multiple gestations - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Associated with elevated MSAFP? Death of fetus Underestimation of gestational age Missed abortion Hydatidiform mole - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Associated with decreased MSAFP? Spina Bifida - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Acetyl Cholinesterase (ACHE) is most specific for? Spina Bifida - CORRECT ANSWER >>> An incomplete closing of the embryonic neural tube? Anencelpaly - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Portion of the newual tube that will become the cerebrum does not close? Down's Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Enlarged nucal thickness
