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HALOGEN AND DERIVATIVES -by Gayatri P Madam Page Nv. _ aad ona Date iE Hudyvo Carbon 7 } ra 7 ag P “ry Hydrogen carbon Xi Halogens paguvinal ad E = C2 } ; ; i % BY \. These belong to qroup ho Us) in ae im period! atitabbe | eataeoe At y, idn hyaxorasbon, hydrogen atom is replaced by a J -halogens © ‘Thiscisivcatied Halogen — Derivatives | ex X-e 1s1 Classification oF Halogen bevivatives _TThey ave classified in Four types °Halogikanes ‘- When there is single bond between | carbon atoms with_on Halogen attached i4 called Hatoalkanes iy} i Ui i | ex = C-~C- x vt {Page Ne, Data| ——# Classiftcaltian oF smonphalogen coripdund-* Ike > : ’ ; * | i ———Alky! hattdes oy halpaikanes ER=- Alkyl J ’ es) me Tie hk . ——} Primary | __ secondary LerHiasy) ————}Halides | Hatidps Halides We G29) (20% (39) pR-c-x R-C-R fs | On x | = ect | R | i] , . x ‘Allylic halides “1 0. Benzyltic halides | Halngen atom bonded }y : 0 sp3_hybtidized caxbon’ - Halogen atom bonded toc sp> hybvdized caybon next _Carbonr carbon | doubl & bond attached to a_ayormatic ng, | or | C=C-c -x | | ——_di vinylic halides @: Haloaikyne A | Halogen atom_bonded: to _ Halogen atom bonded +, la Sp? hybidized carbon atom oF aliphatic chain a 6p hubwdized carbon ainm if J§ haloalkune c= Ct7 xX C=C—x* eo £. Avyl halides oy haloaxenes Halogen atom is divec| bonded to the sp2 hybndized carbon atom: OF avomaHe: ving: aN am {cra i — 10:2) Nompnrlatuye inf halngen derivatives a I aaa cma 32 | H ss Trwari | Abhishekhyanjan — Sandeep . x ; : santind stipe, = Meth -— ane bh itn EHO! | E~ Flovo con. ethan evene far (ocr chore wi tgs 7 POP Boyne.» | aldehyde : | Br- Bromo | ¢y — but a: sagfetzo ; | r+ Lodo Cs — pent: L [a Oy Cc— Hex | | ab = 2 a | : ¢ if mpye:than one halogen €%) is attached’ trem \ |_then_ Alphabetical pxdex is used ee ! eu ia arn eae ne 10. Methods pf Preparation of alkyl halides - | Gach halides — [a- x] ee acai [ at Page No. | Date Po aa eae | Swartz veactian CF): | agi iRaGlstiage Woo REE th Ag cl: | bi teeeea j = —F | _erectyophilic it u CHS l ome Electro philic SubsHtutlon “always Lmtein fake plate in oxtha and: Substihition i Bevo pera position Ch CH3 CH3 eg 2 By ne tos Mixtive pps. | -(0- Bromototuene) ( P- Brombtoiueng ) Jeytho and barn bramn obtarne toluens 10.4 2 | Physical Propexty ! _Phu sical PICPETHES OF alky] “bay. diffeyent | alkanes i Rates 2 ate tonsidera - From those oF aie shoe oo - : : an poe Boiling point 7s tilling_poink_o& alkyl holides axe determined — by polaviry OF the (-x bond as well as tHe isize oF halngen _atnms._. e = ee iz | | | | Pago No, ‘e [Data } —S = _10.5 1 optical isomerism in halogen. devival ves! a atom and molecu chika rality | i ; : * | Chival atom = Carbon atem -1n a molecule = wohicheicamies: fouy difterent gxouns i/ atoms is caited Chival carhon atom i i I i! i] it i Markas: (*) l Nonsuperimposabie. os CHS CH3 Le ¢ Sy [ In-this the atom's HE “Syn | didn't hide Cus Q@Hs Qiwhatr is:-opHeal jsomeys Ger (tm) isseas ass =) The _stereoisomevism in «which: the: isomers: have 2 nt _-oF GROUPS / atoms _avound a chiyal atom is_called Optical isomers T $2)! what is opHea |. ‘attivity 2 cam) ij the optical isomers diFfey Fromeseach othey fn ou iteyvms | oF a9 smensurable Praperty i | Plane Polarized Light - An ordinayy) light consists ' OF electromagnet | woes: howing osciitahans oF olechyic: andl nocgnetic lind: in atl _possible planes perpen diciuiia xp divetHon of Propagarion oF tight: t — —— === -Represen ka Hon OF. Configuration oft mobecurps I bl I> Fischer projection Tormulafcyoss foxymula) ! fea eo il Lae Ae reathon—Et “pt oa id ‘a preure I —+—By I C—- By Y Bonds above @ —— the ptant im | Fischer projection i convention oF verHead.i! And_honzontal tines bl Weddr:-formula « pet ‘ i! off BY eee oe | below the. FoI Ene plant | pra Ad x H ‘above the plane i -~ eat rarene ern Labora tory fest OF haloalkanes /- : | j | } iHaloalkonis ‘dre OF nectrert tupe in agueous: | median “On “warming: with ag ueoWs sodium oy potassium. hydride «the covatentius bonded. Halogen in haloatkane 8 converted ty halfde jon R= X + OHP —4 Rf 4% © Page No, a pate] | |) SS a i Nucleophilic substitution ~yvearHon: of —haloalkanes. | es When a Yo Wp bonded tn a carbon in a on aubsvate 1s ~eplased by cinoth ex qrvoup fp Lqpt a paoduth folk no “change tn state oF i hysidiz zation of that garbon the seaction 1S \ cated substituton yearton . ia 2 | TB ee gs Nut ey r NuS tty € 7X! { y | Mechanism of Sn veachon . _ I Sin 2: Mechanls M1. sn 1 Menhantaims 15 14. The senction_betiveen {+The seattion bevceen—|- [ metny/_bromide_and te t=hutyl_bramile_and — I hydenxide jon to gise nga iv wothtert+Aury! aleopal Follows |_ \ | CHS =¢ ont Bt i ee \ methanol Fetes in ge \ ‘gprond order kine Hs, a_Fryst - order Kine Hes) 1 mam “thet £5 »the yare oF fhis | that fs the vote of thelz |. 5 _eceaction depends on Lectin depends On th) eS roncenteabion of wo | concentration oF only 2 al reacting species namely: one gpecies. wwhreh fs * 1 reer imerhyl hyomide and. _the stubshreite molecule. 4 | hydroxide Hence it __itert-butyt bromide . Hence oe lis called stubltubop ir is called substtuton Tee nucleophile iomolecutar, nucleophile unimoltecutay ek 1 Sw? | SN4G 1 eS! | é CHS Re ae. oH? CH 0H + Be CHa- = Bat pH Hb | er yore = K CCHsBrJCoH Se] CHe cH I | ee | cH3 \ acre = K UCCH3) 3 CBE Page No, {Dato #1) Eliminahon veacton : Dehudroba logena Hon This veaction is called _B - eliminan'on (Cor 72> elimination) veatHon os it invaives ‘elimination oF halagen and a= hydregen atom Waren. Sebpee Cera ain th H . si ‘Bd ii caiee ac Mina 5a yates is Bateson Gi Camino KOT on Myron BOdat Xo x brane A urnwelha nn De at \ tabkene)". i those) -{ alkwuh halide) Heater ny » ~t ~* \ are we i 7 AS: hydrogen and' halogen. jo vemorved: in _tnis crearHan lk oist alsa known as dehydyro- __halngenaton areattion 1 Pes ai2 othy iT $— 8 iI CHa ~ CHa = CH= CHS By 7 (2- brompbutane) SE RentHon mith actve metals a} Rearthen. voit nonans pst UA i “when alkyl halide is_trectted- with: magnesium — i indy air as: solvent. it qives~ alkyl magnesium [atid es is known ‘as Grrignaxel: reagent. i oa 1 erner [ee Rox tog, SEES" Rin Mg. X \ alkyl' magnesium halide. - (Grignard veaqent i a ores ope Dato | | 5 roars IWUYEZ veccHon . AIKyL haltde creart with meralelo £octitum i'n | oyy eth as solvent, and fom highey alkanes Leantaintng double ihe. number oF :cayhon Atoms present in alkyl halide This veattion /s called Joltirck2” ~Feartio y= | g-R-x+ Bit ety epi Rit 2Nax i N ethos I | ace.Hs Brt 2Nq oH CHa CHa 7 CH27°CH3 | T = (Ethyl bromidlé) @tihane) call Reactions oF | haloatenes .! I : i " gi ReatHons oF hadalogyene tith me tats Hl The vearHon of aryl hattdes tofth alkyl hairde. Land sodium. metal in dry ether to give substituted Larometic compounds jis Known as Wurtz = _EiHing mearHen) ss ie} is annie | CHS | acer Ary ray 2Na BY || ae enn SS Had fecaetenen| (toluens.) “In tase only ary! halide. fakes pay in the lyeation . the product is hipheny| and the | wenttLon is Khownh as Fi na reattton | A +ona 9) AYN ZY + Nac! ai =f N= ethyy | | cehinobenzene] if ) ¢ Biphenyl) | A ea ot heating | gy tone Hasdy a te 1 ee | ; i i i Nhe fi iy fl Chinyo-4~ nikrobenzene) (1- chiora- 2- nihoben7zene ) Hi)) SuifangHon : Ik is canned nuk by heating _haloarene tnl'th Fuming H2 S04 23804 (Luming ) ‘ CI ae $0aH - chlorbenzene (4 thlovobenzeng suifonte acid) Page No. Dat a O Wy). Exiedeb Crothls wean le: fs) camed_o Labi ine | treaHing- hatoavene: with dlkyl chlowde oy atyl chiovide In presence oF ‘anhydrous Alcl2 “os A ¢ctalyst bs anhud - | y+ CH3-C] ——4 Attty ens) 2-¢ Cc} 4 iv) I] + CHa-C - CI fos dads atns - moragdocdtia Vrattetn CChlorpbenzeng) | bo amhyd. | Alcts cl o ; t 1 onryt cL ae CH3 + cy t or CH3 {2-Chiovbatetophen- 4 = chi ovattephenome) pne) a 
