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Hartman's Nursing Assistant Care The
Basics Chapter 2
Communication - correct answer ✔✔The process of exchanging information with others (via sending or receiving) Verbal communication - correct answer ✔✔use of spoken or written words/sounds (ex: oral reports) Nonverbal communication - correct answer ✔✔without use of words for communication (ex: shrugging shoulders) Immediately tell nurse if patient... - correct answer ✔✔- falls
- trouble breathing
- weakness
- bleeding
- chest pain
- abnormal vital signs
- fever
- bruises
- mental status
- loss of consciousness Address patients by - correct answer ✔✔last name (Mr, Mrs, Ms) Objective information - correct answer ✔✔Based on what a person sees, hears, touches, or smells (signs) Subjective information - correct answer ✔✔Something a person cannot or did not observe (symptoms)
Incontinence - correct answer ✔✔The inability to control the bladder or bowels Root - correct answer ✔✔basic meaning of word Prefix - correct answer ✔✔comes before the root Suffix - correct answer ✔✔comes at the end of the root Defense mechanisms - correct answer ✔✔Unconscious behaviors used to release tension or cope with stress Denial, projection, displacement, rationalization, repression, regression Denial - correct answer ✔✔completely rejecting the thought or feeling Projection - correct answer ✔✔seeing feelings in others that are really one's own Displacement - correct answer ✔✔transferring a strong negative feeling to a safer situation Rationalization - correct answer ✔✔making excuses to justify a situation Repression - correct answer ✔✔blocking painful thoughts or feelings from the mind Regression - correct answer ✔✔going back to an old (usually immature) behavior Hearing impaired - correct answer ✔✔- ensure aid is on and clean
Mental health - correct answer ✔✔The normal functioning of emotional and intellectual abilities Mental Health disorders - correct answer ✔✔a disorder involving emotions and mental functions Mental Health treatment - correct answer ✔✔- do not talk to residents as children
- use simple, clear statements
- avoid arguments, show respect and concern
- sit or stand at normal distance Combative - correct answer ✔✔Violent or hostile behavior displayed by some residents Combative behavior treatment - correct answer ✔✔- block blows or step away
- allow resident time to calm down before next interaction
- give space (arms length away)
- stay calm and neutral, flexible, and patient
- do not use gestures Incident report for Combative Behavior - correct answer ✔✔- find out what provoked resident
- report inappropriate behavior
- answer call lights immediately
- try distraction
- do not overreact
- direct to private area (if possible) Body mechanics - correct answer ✔✔The way the parts of the body work together when a person moves
Posture - correct answer ✔✔The way a person holds and positions his body To avoid injury... - correct answer ✔✔- avoid twisting at waist
- keep feet shoulder width apart
- bend at your knees Base of support - correct answer ✔✔The foundation that supports an object. The wider the support, the more stable a person will be. Center of gravity - correct answer ✔✔The point in the body where the most weight is concentrated Fracture - correct answer ✔✔A broken bone Risk factors for falls - correct answer ✔✔unsafe environment meds weakness/disoriented poor lighting Disorientation - correct answer ✔✔confusion about person, place, or time Scalds - correct answer ✔✔Burns caused by hot liquids Preventing falls - correct answer ✔✔lock wheelchairs lock bed wheels return beds to lowest positions clear walkways answer call lights nonskid rugs/shoes/socks clean up spills
Contain fire Extinguish (if possible) Obstructed airway - correct answer ✔✔Something is blocking the tube through which air enters the lungs Abdominal thrusts - correct answer ✔✔A method of attempting to remove an object from the airway of someone who is chocking Cyanotic - correct answer ✔✔Blue tinged skin Shock - correct answer ✔✔Occurs when organs and tissues in the body do not receive an adequate blood supply. Can be caused by bleeding, heart attach, severe infection, and falling blood pressure Signs of Shock - correct answer ✔✔-pale or bluish skin -staring -increased pulse and respiration rates -low blood pressure -extreme thirst elevate feet for treatment Dyspnea - correct answer ✔✔Difficulty breathing elevate head for treatment Myocardial infarction - correct answer ✔✔heart attack; inadequate blood supply to heart = decrease oxygen
Hypoglycemia - correct answer ✔✔Low blood sugar. S&S include nervousness, dizziness, perspiration, weakness, rapid pulse, headache, cold clammy skin, confusion, numbness of lips and tongue 3 Signs of Heart Attack - correct answer ✔✔-pressure and pain in chest
- cyanotic skin
- nausea/vomiting
- dyspnea For severe burns - correct answer ✔✔no ice, ointment, salve, or grease (cool clean towel is okay) Insulin Reaction - correct answer ✔✔too much insulin or too little food
- rapid pulse; confusion; unconscious' perspiration; blurred vision DKA - correct answer ✔✔Diabetic Ketoacidosis - Caused by hyperglycemia [too little insulin] S&S include increased thirst and/or urination, abdominal pain, deep or labored breathing, breath smells fruity, headache, rapid pulse, dry skin, flushed cheeks, nausea and vomiting Seizures - correct answer ✔✔involuntary, violent contraction of muscles
- high fever, head injury, serious illness, disorders (epilepsy)
- SIGNS: shaking, jaw clenching, drooling, inability to swallow TIA - correct answer ✔✔Transient Ischemic Attack; a warning sign of a CVA; the result of a temporarty lack of oxygen in the brain (occur up to 24 hours)
HAI - correct answer ✔✔Healthcare associated infection; acquired in the healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care Chain of infection - correct answer ✔✔A way of describing how disease is transmitted from one being to another Causative agent - correct answer ✔✔A pathogenic microorganism that causes disease Reservoir - correct answer ✔✔Where the pathogen lives and grows Portal of exit - correct answer ✔✔Any body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave Mode of transmission - correct answer ✔✔How the pathogen travels Direct contact - correct answer ✔✔Transmission of a pathogen made by touching the infected person or his secretions Indirect contact - correct answer ✔✔Results from touching something contaminated by an infected person. Ex: needle, dressing, or tissue Medical aspesis - correct answer ✔✔used to reface and prevent spread of pathogens Surgical aspesis - correct answer ✔✔being free of all microorganisms (sterile technique) Portal of entry - correct answer ✔✔Any body opening on an uninfected person that allows pathogens to enter
Standard precautions - correct answer ✔✔A strict form of infection control that is based on the assumption that all blood and other body fluids are infectious. Mucous membrane - correct answer ✔✔The membranes that line body cavities that open to the outside of the body - linings of mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, and genitals Infectious - correct answer ✔✔contagious Susceptible host - correct answer ✔✔An uninfected person who could get sick Medical asepsis - correct answer ✔✔Measures used to reduce and prevent the spread of pathogens Surgical asepsis - correct answer ✔✔Sterile technique; state of being free from all microorganisms CDC - correct answer ✔✔Centers for disease control and prevention. Under the DOH and HHS (sweat not considered bodily fluid) PPE - correct answer ✔✔Person Protective Equipment; helps protect employees from serious injuries or illnesses Sterilization - correct answer ✔✔Cleaning measure that destroys all microorganisms including pathogens Sputum - correct answer ✔✔mucous coughed up Antimicrobial - correct answer ✔✔able to destroy or suppress the growth of pathogens and other micro-organisms Disinfection - correct answer ✔✔A process that kills pathogens but does not destroy all pathogens
