Contents - 1

Table of Contents

1. Getting Started with HFSS

System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Sun Solaris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

HP-UX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

Red Hat Enterprise Linux v3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

The HFSS Desktop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

Working with the Menu Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

Working with the Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

Working with the Shortcut Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-8

Shortcut Menu in the Toolbars Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

Shortcut Menu in the 3D Modeler Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9

Shortcut Menus in the Project Manager Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10

Working with the Status Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11

Working with the Project Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11

Working with the Project Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12

Setting the Project Tree to Expand Automatically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12

Viewing HFSS Design Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12

Viewing the Design List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

Viewing Material Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14

Working with the Properties Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14

Showing and Hiding the Properties Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15

Setting the Properties Window to Open Automatically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15

Modifying Object Attributes Using the Properties Window . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16

Modifying Object Command Properties Using the Properties Window . . . 1-16

Working with the Progress Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16

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9. Assigning DC Thickness

System Requirements 1- 1. Getting Started with HFSS
- Windows 1-
- Sun Solaris 1-
- HP-UX 1-
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux v3 1-
The HFSS Desktop 1-
- Working with the Menu Bar 1-
- Working with the Toolbars 1-
- Working with the Shortcut Menus 1-
  - Shortcut Menu in the Toolbars Area 1-
  - Shortcut Menu in the 3D Modeler Window 1-
  - Shortcut Menus in the Project Manager Window 1-
- Working with the Status Bar 1-
- Working with the Project Manager 1-
  - Working with the Project Tree 1-
    - Setting the Project Tree to Expand Automatically 1-
  - Viewing HFSS Design Details 1-
  - Viewing the Design List 1-
  - Viewing Material Definitions 1-
- Working with the Properties Window 1-
  - Showing and Hiding the Properties Window 1-
  - Setting the Properties Window to Open Automatically 1-
  - Modifying Object Attributes Using the Properties Window 1-
  - Modifying Object Command Properties Using the Properties Window 1-
- Working with the Progress Window 1-
- Working with the Message Manager 1-
- Working with the 3D Modeler Window 1-
  - Working with the History Tree 1-
  - Controlling the View of Objects in the History Tree 1-
Using the Password Manager to Control Access to Resources 1-
Running HFSS from a command line 1-
Getting Started Guides 1-
Copyright and Trademark Notices 1-
Conventions Used in the Online Help 2- 2. Getting Help
Searching in Help 2-
Using WebUpdate 2-
HFSS Files 3- 3. Working with HFSS Projects
Creating Projects 3-
Projects 3-
- Opening Recent Projects 3-
- Opening Legacy HFSS Projects 3-
  - Legacy HFSS Project Translation 3-
Closing Projects 3-
Saving Projects 3-
- Saving a New Project 3-
- Saving the Active Project 3-
- Saving a Copy of a Project 3-
- Renaming a Project 3-
- Saving Project Data Automatically 3-
  - Save Before Solve Option 3-
  - Recovering Project Data in an Auto-Save File 3-
Deleting Projects 3-
Undoing Commands 3-
Redoing Commands 3-
Validating Projects 3-
Exporting Files 3-
- Exporting 2D Geometry Files 3-
- Exporting 3D Model Files 3-
- Exporting Graphics Files 3-
- Exporting Data Table Files 3-
Importing Files 3-
- Importing 2D Model Files 3-
- Importing 3D Model Files 3-
- Importing Solution Data 3-
- Importing Data Tables 3-
Inserting a Documentation File 3-
Printing 3-
Saving Project Notes 3-
Setting Options in HFSS 3-
- Setting General Options 3-
  - General Options: Project Options Tab 3-
  - General Options: Default Units Tab 3-
  - General Options: Analysis Options Tab 3-
  - General Options: WebUpdate Options Tab 3-
  - General Options: Distributed Analysis Options Tab 3-
- Setting HFSS Options 3-
  - HFSS Options: General Options Tab 3-
  - HFSS Options: Solver Tab 3-
- Setting Fields Reporter Options 3-
- Setting Report2D Options 3-
  - Report2D Options: Table Tab 3-
  - Report2D Options: General Options Tab 3-
  - Report2D Options: Line Style Tab 3-
  - Report2D Options: Color Tab 3-
  - Report2D Options: Graphics Font Tab 3-
- Setting 3D Modeler Options 3-
  - 3D Modeler Options: Operation Tab 3-
  - 3D Modeler Options: Display Tab 3-
  - 3D Modeler Options: Drawing Tab 3-
Working with Variables 3-
- Adding a Project Variable 3-
- Deleting Project Variables 3-
- Adding a Design Variable 3-
- Deleting Design Variables 3-
- Defining an Expression 3-
  - Using Valid Operators for Expressions 3-
  - Using Intrinsic Functions in Expressions 3-
  - Using Piecewise Linear Functions in Expressions 3-
  - Using Dataset Expressions 3-
- Adding Datasets 3-
- Modifying Datasets 3-
- Defining Mathematical Functions 3-
- Assigning Variables 3-
- Choosing a Variable to Optimize 3-
- Including a Variable in a Sensitivity Analysis 3-
- Choosing a Variable to Tune 3-
- Including a Variable in a Statistical Analysis 3-
Inserting an HFSS Design 4- 4. Setting up an HFSS Design
Selecting the Solution Type 4-
Setting the Model’s Units of Measurement 4-
Drawing Objects 5- 5. Drawing a Model
- Drawing a Straight Line Segment 5-
- Drawing a Three-Point Arc Line 5-
- Drawing a Center-Point Arc Line 5-
- Drawing a Spline 5-
- Drawing a Polyline 5-
- Inserting Line Segments 5-
- Drawing an Equation-Based Curve 5-
- Drawing a Circle 5-
- Drawing an Ellipse 5-
- Drawing a Rectangle 5-
- Drawing a Regular Polygon 5-
- Drawing an Equation-Based Surface 5-
- Drawing a Sphere 5-
- Drawing a Cylinder 5-
- Drawing a Box 5-
- Drawing a Regular Polyhedron 5-
- Drawing a Cone 5-
- Drawing a Torus 5-
- Drawing a Helix 5-
- Drawing a Spiral 5-
- Drawing a Spiral using User Defined Primitives 5-
- Drawing a Bondwire 5-
- Drawing a Point 5-
- Drawing a Plane 5-
- Drawing Non-Model Objects 5-
  - Selecting Non-Model Drawing Mode 5-
  - Changing an Object to Non Model 5-
Model Analysis 5-
- Analysis Options Dialog 5-
- Model Analysis dialog 5-
  - Objects Tab 5-
  - Object Misalignment Tab 5-
  - Surface Mesh (Single/Pairs) Tab 5-
  - Last Simulation Mesh Tab 5-
- Align Faces 5-
- Heal 5-
  - Healing Stage One: Validation Check 5-
  - Healing Stage Two: Fix Intersections Between Objects 5-
  - Healing Stage Three: Fix Object Pair Intersections 5-
  - Healing Stage Four: Analysis Phase 5-
  - Healing Non-Manifold Objects 5-
  - Setting the Healing Options 5-
Creating a User Defined Primitive 5-
Modifying Objects 5-
- Assigning Color to Objects 5-
  - Setting the Default Color of Objects 5-
  - Setting the Default Color of Object Outlines 5-
- Assigning Transparency to an Object 5-
  - Setting the Default Transparency of Objects 5-
- Copying and Pasting Objects 5-
- Copying Objects to the Clipboard 5-
- Deleting Objects 5-
  - Deleting Polyline Segments 5-
  - Deleting Start Points and Endpoints 5-
- Delete Last Operation 5-
- Moving Objects 5-
- Rotating Objects 5-
- Mirroring Objects 5-
- Offsetting Objects 5-
- Duplicating Objects 5-
  - Duplicating Objects Along a Line 5-
  - Duplicating Objects Around an Axis 5-
  - Duplicating and Mirroring Objects 5-
- Scaling Objects 5-
- Sweeping Objects 5-
  - Sweeping Around an Axis 5-
  - Sweeping Along a Vector 5-
  - Sweeping Along a Path 5-
- Covering Lines 5-
- Covering Faces 5-
- Uncovering Faces 5-
- Detaching Faces 5-
- Creating a Cross-Section 5-
- Connecting Objects 5-
- Moving Faces 5-
  - Moving Faces Along the Normal 5-
  - Moving Faces Along a Vector 5-
- Uniting Objects 5-
- Subtracting Objects 5-
- Creating Objects from Intersections 5-
- Creating an Object from a Face 5-
- Creating an Object from an Edge 5-
- Splitting Objects 5-
- Separating Bodies 5-
- Converting Polyline Segments 5-
- Rounding the Edge of Objects (Fillet Command) 5-
- Flattening the Edge of Objects (Chamfer Command) 5-
- Purge History 5-
- Generate History 5-
Selecting Items in the 3D Modeler Window 5-
- Selecting Objects 5-
  - Selecting Multiple Objects 5-
  - Selecting Objects by Name 5-
  - Setting the Default Color and Transparency of Selected Objects 5-
  - Setting the Default Color of Highlighted Objects 5-
  - Creating an Object List 5-
  - Reassigning Objects to Another Object List 5-
- Selecting Faces 5-
  - Selecting All Faces of an Object 5-
  - Selecting Faces by Name 5-
  - Selecting Faces by Plane 5-
  - Face Selection Toolbar Icons 5-
  - Creating a Face List 5-
- Selecting Edges 5-
- Selecting Vertices 5-
- Clearing a Selection 5-
- Selecting the Face or Object Behind 5-
- Selecting Cartesian Coordinates 5-
- Selecting Cylindrical Coordinates 5-
- Selecting Spherical Coordinates 5-
- Selecting Absolute Coordinates 5-
- Selecting Relative Coordinates 5-
Choosing the Movement Mode 5-
- Moving the Cursor In Plane 5-
- Moving the Cursor Out of Plane 5-
- Moving the Cursor in 3D Space 5-
- Moving the Cursor Along the X-Axis 5-
- Moving the Cursor Along the Y-Axis 5-
- Moving the Cursor Along the Z-Axis 5-
Choosing Snap Settings 5-
- Snap Setting Guidelines 5-
Measure Modes for Objects 5-
- Measuring Position 5-
- Measuring Length 5-
- Measuring the Distance Between Two Points 5-
- Measuring Area 5-
- Measuring Volume 5-
Setting Coordinate Systems 5-
- Setting the Working Coordinate System 5-
- Creating a Relative Coordinate System 5-
  - Creating an Offset Relative CS 5-
  - Creating a Rotated Relative CS 5-
  - Creating an Offset and Rotated Relative CS 5-
- Creating a Face Coordinate System 5-
  - Automatically Creating Face Coordinate Systems 5-
- Modifying Coordinate Systems 5-
- Deleting Coordinate Systems 5-
- Zoom to Selected Boundary 6- 6. Assigning Boundaries
Assigning Perfect E Boundaries 6-
Assigning Perfect H Boundaries 6-
Assigning Impedance Boundaries 6-
Assigning Radiation Boundaries 6-
Assigning PML Boundaries 6-
- Creating PMLs Automatically 6-
- Creating PML Boundaries Manually 6-
- Guidelines for Assigning PML Boundaries 6-
- Modifying PML Boundaries 6-
Assigning Finite Conductivity Boundaries 6-
Assigning Symmetry Boundaries 6-
Assigning Master Boundaries 6-
Assigning Slave Boundaries 6-
Assigning Lumped RLC Boundaries 6-
Assigning Layered Impedance Boundaries 6-
Designating Infinite Ground Planes 6-
Modifying Boundaries 6-
Deleting Boundaries 6-
Reassigning Boundaries 6-
Reprioritizing Boundaries 6-
Global Material Environment 6-
Duplicating Boundaries and Excitations with Geometry 6-
Showing and Hiding Boundaries and Excitations 6-
- Showing and Hiding Boundaries and Excitations in the Active View Window 6-
- Showing and Hiding Boundaries and Excitations in Every View Window 6-
Reviewing Boundaries and Excitations in the Solver View 6-
Setting Default Values for Boundaries and Excitations 6-
- Zoom to Selected Excitation 7- 7. Assigning Excitations
Assigning Wave Ports 7-
- Assigning Wave Ports for Modal Solutions 7-
- Assigning Wave Ports for Terminal Solutions 7-
Assigning Lumped Ports 7-
- Assigning Lumped Ports for Modal Solutions 7-
- Assigning Lumped Ports for Terminal Solutions 7-
Defining an Integration Line 7-
- Guidelines for Defining Integration Lines 7-
- Duplicating Integration Lines 7-
- Modifying Integration Lines 7-
Defining a Terminal Line 7-
- Guidelines for Defining Terminal Lines 7-
- Duplicating Terminal Lines 7-
- Modifying Terminal Lines 7-
- Setting up Differential Pairs 7-
Assigning Incident Waves 7-
- Incident Plane Wave 7-
- Incident Hertzian-Dipole Wave 7-
- Incident Cylindrical Wave 7-
- Incident Gaussian Beam Wave 7-
- Incident Linear Antenna Wave 7-
- Far Field Wave 7-
- Near Field Wave 7-
Assigning Voltage Sources 7-
- Modifying Voltage Sources 7-
Assigning Current Sources 7-
- Modifying Current Sources 7-
Assigning Magnetic Bias Sources 7-
Modifying Excitations 7-
Deleting Excitations 7-
Reassigning Excitations 7-
Duplicating Excitations with Geometry 7-
Showing and Hiding Excitations 7-
Setting the Impedance Multiplier 7-
Renormalizing S-Matrices 7-
De-embedding S-Matrices 7-
Solving Inside or on the Surface 8- 8. Assigning Materials
Searching for Materials 8-
- Searching by Material Name 8-
- Searching by Material Property 8-
Adding New Materials 8-
- Assigning Material Property Types 8-
  - Defining Anisotropic Relative Permeability Tensors 8-
  - Defining Anisotropic Relative Permittivity Tensors 8-
  - Defining Anisotropic Conductivity Tensors 8-
  - Defining Anisotropic Dielectric Loss Tangent Tensors 8-
  - Defining Magnetic Loss Tangent Tensors 8-
- Defining Variable Material Properties 8-
- Defining Frequency-Dependent Material Properties 8-
  - Defining Frequency-Dependent Material Properties for Lossy Dielectrics 8-
  - Enter Frequency Dependent Data Points 8-
- Defining Material Properties as Expressions 8-
- Defining Functional Material Properties 8-
Viewing and Modifying Material Attributes 8-
Validating Materials 8-
Copying Materials 8-
Removing Materials 8-
Exporting Materials to a Library 8-
Sorting Materials 8-
Filtering Materials 8-
Working with Material Libraries 8-
- Working with Ansoft’s System Material Library 8-
- Working with User Material Libraries 8-
- Editing Libraries 8-
- Configuring Libraries 8-
Rotating the View 10- 10. Modifying the Model View
Panning the View 10-
Zooming In and Out 10-
- Zooming In or Out on a Rectangular Area 10-
View Options: 3D UI Options 10-
Fitting Objects in the View Window 10-
- Fitting All Objects in a View Window 10-
- Fitting a Selection in a View Window 10-
Hiding Objects from View 10-
Showing Objects 10-
Rendering Objects as Wireframes or Solids 10-
- Setting the Default View Rendering Mode 10-
Modifying the View Orientation 10-
- Applying a Default View Orientation 10-
- Applying a New View Orientation 10-
- Removing an Orientation 10-
Modifying the Lighting 10-
Setting the Projection View 10-
Setting the Background Color 10-
Modifying the Coordinate System Axes View 10-
- Showing or Hiding the Axes 10-
- Show the Axes for Selected Objects 10-
- Enlarging or Shrinking the Axes 10-
Choosing Grid Settings 10-
- Setting the Grid Type 10-
- Setting the Grid Style 10-
- Setting the Grid Density and Spacing 10-
- Setting the Grid’s Visibility 10-
- Setting the Grid Plane 10-
Assigning Length-Based Mesh Refinement on Object Faces 11- 11. Defining Mesh Operations
Assigning Length-Based Mesh Refinement Inside Objects 11-
Assigning Skin Depth-Based Mesh Refinement on Object Faces 11-
Modifying Surface Approximation Settings 11-
Specifying the Model Resolution 11-
Reverting to the Initial Mesh 11-
Applying Mesh Operations without Solving 11-
- Add Dependent Setup 12- 12. Specifying Solution Settings
Setting the Solution Frequency 12-
Solving for Ports Only 12-
Setting the Minimum Frequency 12-
Setting the Number of Modes 12-
Setting Adaptive Analysis Parameters 12-
- Setting the Maximum Number of Passes 12-
- Setting the Maximum Delta S Per Pass 12-
- Setting the Maximum Delta Energy Per Pass 12-
- Setting the Maximum Delta Frequency Per Pass 12-
  - Specifying Convergence on Real Frequency Only 12-
- Specifying Output Variable Convergence 12-
- Specifying a Source for the Initial Mesh 12-
  - Clearing Linked Data 12-
- Setting Lambda Refinement 12-
- Setting the Percent Maximum Refinement Per Pass 12-
- Setting the Maximum Refinement 12-
- Setting the Minimum Number of Passes 12-
- Setting the Minimum Number of Converged Passes 12-
- Setting Matrix Convergence Criteria 12-
- Using a Low-Order Solution Basis 12-
- Use Absorbing Boundary (ABC) on Ports 12-
- Waveport Adapt Options 12-
Adding a Frequency Sweep 12-
- Selecting the Sweep Type 12-
  - Options for Discrete Sweeps 12-
  - Options for Fast Sweeps 12-
  - Options for Interpolating Sweeps 12-
- Setup Interpolation Convergence 12-
  - Setting the Error Tolerance 12-
  - Setting the Maximum Number of Solutions 12-
  - Interpolation Basis Convergence 12-
- Specifying the Frequency Points to Solve 12-
  - Specifying Frequency Points with a Linear Step Size 12-
  - Specifying a Linear Count of Frequency Points 12-
  - Specifying Single Frequency Points 12-
  - Deleting Frequency Points 12-
  - Inserting Frequency Points 12-
  - Choosing Frequencies for Full-Wave SPICE 12-
    - Guidelines for Calculating Frequencies for Full-Wave SPICE 12-
Disabling a Frequency Sweep 12-
Disabling an Analysis Setup 12-
Specifying the Number of Processors 12-
Specifying the Desired RAM Limit 12-
Specifying the Hard Memory Limit 12-
Solving Remotely (Windows only) 13- 13. Running Simulations
- Setup for remote machine 13-
  - Preconfiguring the Remote Machine 13-
  - Configure Distributed COM for Remote Machine 13-
    - Windows 2000 for Remote Machine 13-
    - Windows XP/Server 2003 for Remote Machine 13-
  - Enable Firewall Access for Remote Machine 13-
  - Configure the Temporary File Directory for Remote Machine 13-
- Set up Security Permissions on Remote Machine 13-
  - Solve a Test Design as a Remote User on a Remote Machine 13-
- Setup for local machine 13-
  - Pre-configuring the Local Machine 13-
  - Configuring Distributed COM for callback 13-
    - Windows 2000 for Local Machine 13-
    - Windows XP/Server 2003 for Local Machine 13-
  - Enable Firewall Access for Local Machine 13-
  - Configure Remote Analysis Dialog for Local Machine 13-
- Troubleshooting 13-
- Distributed Solve with Licensing 13-
Monitoring the Solution Process 13-
- Monitoring Queued Simulations 13-
Changing the Solution’s Priority 13-
Aborting Analyses 13-
Re-solving a Problem 13-
Setting up a Parametric Analysis 14- 14. Using Optimetrics for Design Analysis
- Adding a Variable Sweep Definition 14-
  - Specifying Variable Values for a Sweep Definition 14-
  - Synchronizing Variable Sweep Definitions 14-
- Modifying a Variable Sweep Definition Manually 14-
- Overriding a Variable’s Current Value in a Parametric Setup 14-
- Specifying a Solution Setup for a Parametric Setup 14-
- Specifying the Solution Quantity to Evaluate 14-
  - Specifying a Solution Quantity’s Calculation Range 14-
Setting up an Optimization Analysis 14-
- Setting the Maximum Iterations for an Optimization Analysis 14-
- Adding a Cost Function 14-
  - Specifying a Solution Quantity for a Cost Function Goal 14-
  - Setting the Calculation Range of a Cost Function Goal 14-
  - Setting a Goal Value 14-
    - Specifying a Single Goal Value 14-
    - Specifying an Expression as a Goal Value 14-
    - Specifying a Variable-Dependent Goal Value 14-
  - Overriding the Min. and Max. Variable Values for a Single Optimization Setup 14-
  - Changing the Min. and Max. Variable Values for Every Optimization Setup 14-
- Setting the Min. and Max. Step Sizes 14-
- Setting the Min and Max Focus 14-
- Solving a Parametric Setup Before an Optimization 14-
- Solving a Parametric Setup During an Optimization 14-
- Automatically Updating a Variable’s Value After Optimization 14-
Setting up a Sensitivity Analysis 14-
- Setting the Maximum Iterations Per Variable 14-
- Setting up an Output Parameter 14-
  - Specifying a Solution Quantity for an Output Parameter 14-
  - Setting the Calculation Range of an Output Parameter 14-
  - Overriding the Min. and Max. Variable Values for a Single Sensitivity Setup 14-
  - Changing the Min. and Max. Variable Values for Every Sensitivity Setup 14-
- Setting the Initial Displacement 14-
- Solving a Parametric Setup Before a Sensitivity Analysis 14-
- Solving a Parametric Setup During a Sensitivity Analysis 14-
Setting up a Statistical Analysis 14-
- Setting the Maximum Iterations for a Statistical Analysis 14-
- Setting the Distribution Criteria 14-
  - Overriding the Distribution Criteria for a Single Statistical Setup 14-
  - Changing the Distribution Criteria for Every Statistical Setup 14-
- Solving a Parametric Setup During a Statistical Analysis 14-
Tuning a Variable 14-
- Applying a Tuned State to a Design 14-
- Saving a Tuned State 14-
- Reverting to a Saved Tuned State 14-
- Resetting Variable Values after Tuning 14-
Saving Field Solutions for Optimetrics Analyses 14-
- Saving Field Solutions for a Parametric Setup 14-
- Saving Field Solutions for an Optimization Setup 14-
- Saving Field Solutions for a Sensitivity Setup 14-
- Saving Field Solutions for a Tuning Analysis 14-
- Saving Field Solutions for a Statistical Setup 14-
Copying Meshes in Optimetrics Sweeps 14-
Excluding a Variable from an Optimetrics Analysis 14-
Modifying the Value of a Fixed Variable for Statistical Analysis 14-
Setting a Linear Constraint 14-
- Modifying a Linear Constraint 14-
- Deleting a Linear Constraint 14-
Viewing Solution Data 15- 15. Post Processing and Generating Reports
- Viewing Convergence Data 15-
  - Viewing the Number of Completed Passes 15-
  - Viewing the Max Magnitude of Delta S Between Passes 15-
  - Viewing the Output Variable Convergence 15-
  - Viewing the Delta Magnitude Energy 15-
  - Viewing the Magnitude Margin 15-
  - Viewing the Phase Margin 15-
  - Viewing the Max Delta (Mag S) 15-
  - Viewing the Max Delta (Phase S) 15-
  - Viewing the Maximum Delta Frequency 15-
  - Plotting Convergence Data 15-
- Viewing a Solution’s Profile 15-
- Viewing Matrix Data 15-
  - Selecting the Matrix Display Format 15-
  - Exporting Matrix Data 15-
  - Renaming Matrix Data 15-
  - Exporting Equivalent Circuit Data 15-
  - Exporting W-Element Data 15-
- Viewing Eigenmode Solution Data 15-
- Deleting Solution Data 15-
Viewing Analysis Results for Optimetrics Solutions 15-
- Viewing Solution Data for an Optimetrics Design Variation 15-
- Viewing an Optimetrics Solution’s Profile Data 15-
- Viewing Results for Parametric Solution Quantities 15-
  - Plotting Solution Quantity Results vs. a Swept Variable 15-
- Viewing Cost Results for an Optimization Analysis 15-
  - Plotting Cost Results for an Optimization Analysis 15-
- Viewing Output Parameter Results for a Sensitivity Analysis 15-
  - Plotting Output Parameter Results for a Sensitivity Analysis 15-
- Viewing Distribution Results for a Statistical Analysis 15-
  - Plotting Distribution Results for a Statistical Analysis 15-
Scaling a Source’s Magnitude and Phase 15-
- Guidelines for Scaling a Source’s Magnitude and Phase 15-
Creating Animations 15-
- Creating Phase Animations 15-
- Creating Frequency Animations 15-
- Creating Geometry Animations 15-
- Controlling the Animation’s Display 15-
- Exporting Animations 15-
Plotting Field Overlays 15-
- Plotting Derived Field Quantities 15-
- Creating Scalar Field Plots 15-
  - Modifying SAR Settings 15-
- Creating Vector Field Plots 15-
- Modifying Field Plots 15-
- Setting Field Plot Attributes 15-
  - Modifying Field Plot Colors 15-
    - Setting the Color Key Visibility 15-
    - Moving the Color Key 15-
  - Modifying the Field Plot Scale 15-
  - Modifying Vector Field Plot Arrows 15-
  - Setting the Mesh Visibility on Field Plots 15-
  - Modifying Scalar Field Plot Isovalues 15-
  - Mapping Scalar Field Plot Transparency to Field Values 15-
  - Modifying Markers on Point Plots 15-
  - Modifying Line Plots 15-
- Setting a Plot’s Visibility 15-
- Saving a Field Overlay Plot 15-
- Opening a Field Overlay Plot 15-
- Deleting a Field Overlay Plot 15-
- Setting Field Plot Defaults 15-
Using the Fields Calculator 15-
- Opening the Fields Calculator 15-
- Context Area 15-
- The Calculator Stack 15-
- Registers 15-
  - Enlarging the Register Display Area 15-
  - Units of Measure 15-
- Stack Commands 15-
- Input Commands 15-
  - Quantity Command 15-
  - Geometry Command 15-
  - Constant Command 15-
  - Number Command 15-
  - Function Command 15-
  - Geom Settings Command 15-
  - Read Command 15-
- General Commands 15-
- Scalar Commands 15-
  - Vec? Command 15-
  - 1/x (Inverse) Command 15-
  - Pow Command 15-
  - (Square Root) Command 15-
  - Trig 15-
  - d/d? (Partial Derivative) Command 15-
    - (Integral) Command 15-
  - Min Command 15-
  - Max Command 15-
  - ∇ (Gradient) Command 15-
  - Ln Command 15-
  - Log Command 15-
- Vector Commands 15-
  - Scal? Command 15-
  - Matl Command 15-
  - Mag Command 15-
  - Dot Command 15-
  - Cross Command 15-
  - Divg Command 15-
  - Curl Command 15-
  - Tangent Command 15-
  - Normal Command 15-
  - Unit Vec Command 15-
- Output Commands 15-
  - Value Command 15-
  - Eval Command 15-
  - Write Command 15-
  - Export Command 15-
- Calculating Derived Field Quantities 15-
- Named Expression Library 15-
- Exiting the Fields Calculator 15-
Radiated Fields Post Processing 15-
- Setting up a Near-Field Sphere 15-
- Setting up a Near-Field Line 15-
- Computing Maximum Near-Field Parameters 15-
- Setting up a Far-Field Infinite Sphere 15-
- Defining Antenna Arrays 15-
  - Defining a Regular Antenna Array 15-
  - Defining a Custom Antenna Array 15-
- Computing Antenna Parameters 15-
  - Exporting Antenna Parameters and Maximum Field Data 15-
Plotting the Mesh 15-
- Setting Mesh Plot Attributes 15-
Creating Reports 15-
- Creating a Quick Report 15-
- Creating a Custom Report 15-
- Modifying Reports 15-
- Modifying the Background Properties of a Report 15-
- Selecting the Report Type 15-
- Selecting the Display Type 15-
  - Creating 2D Rectangular Plots 15-
  - Creating 3D Rectangular Plots 15-
  - Creating 2D Polar Plots 15-
    - Reviewing 2D Polar Plots 15-
  - Creating 3D Polar Plots 15-
  - Creating Smith Charts 15-
  - Creating Data Tables 15-
  - Creating Radiation Patterns 15-
  - Delta Markers in 2D Reports 15-
- Plotting in the Time Domain 15-
- Working with Traces 15-
  - Removing Traces 15-
  - Replacing Traces 15-
  - Adding Blank Traces 15-
- Sweeping a Variable in a Report 15-
  - Sweeping Values Across a Normalized Distance 15-
  - Sweeping Values Across a Sphere 15-
  - Refresh Sweeps 15-
- Selecting a Function 15-
- Selecting Solution Quantities to Plot 15-
- Selecting a Field Quantity to Plot 15-
- Selecting a Far-Field Quantity to Plot 15-
- Plotting Vertical Cross-Sections of Far Fields 15-
- Plotting Horizontal Cross-Sections of Far Fields 15-
- Selecting a Near-Field Quantity to Plot 15-
- Selecting an Emission Test Quantity to Plot 15-
- Plotting Imported Solution Data 15-
Specifying Output Variables 15- - Adding a New Output Variable 15- - Building an Expression Using Existing Quantities 15- - Deleting Output Variables 15-
The Finite Element Method 16- 16. Technical Notes
- Representation of a Field Quantity 16-
- Basis Functions 16-
- Size of Mesh Vs. Accuracy 16-
The HFSS Solution Process 16-
- The Mesh Generation Process 16-
  - Seeding the Mesh 16-
    - Guidelines for Seeding the Mesh 16-
    - Length-Based Mesh Refinement 16-
    - Skin Depth-Based Mesh Refinement 16-
  - Surface Approximation Settings 16-
    - Guidelines for Modifying Surface Approximation Settings 16-
  - Meshing Region Vs. Problem Region 16-
- Model Resolution 16-
- Port Solutions 16-
  - Excitation Fields 16-
  - Wave Equation 16-
  - Mesh Refinement on Ports 16-
  - Modes 16- - Mode Conversion 16- - Modes, Reflections, and Propagation 16- - Modal Field Patterns and Frequency 16-
  - Multiple Ports on the Same Face 16-
  - Port Field Accuracy 16-
  - Saving Field Solutions 16-
- The Adaptive Analysis Process 16-
  - Maximum Delta S 16-
  - Maximum Delta E 16-
  - Percent of Tetrahedra Refined Per Pass 16-
  - Magnitude Margin 16-
  - Phase Margin 16-
  - Maximum Delta Frequency 16-
  - Max Delta (Mag S) 16-
  - Max Delta (Phase S) 16-
- Single Frequency Solution 16-
- Frequency Sweeps 16-
  - Fast Frequency Sweeps 16-
  - Discrete Frequency Sweeps 16-
  - Interpolating Frequency Sweeps 16-
- Solution Types 16-
  - Eigenmode Solutions 16-
    - Calculating the Resonant Frequency 16-
    - Calculating the Quality Factor 16-
    - Calculating the Free Space Wave Number 16-
- Field Solutions 16-
  - Field Overlay Plots 16-
  - Field Quantities 16-
  - Specifying the Phase Angle 16-
  - Peak Versus RMS Phasors 16-
  - Calculating the SAR 16-
S-Parameters 16- - Renormalized S-Matrices 16- - Calculating Characteristic Impedance 16- - Renormalizing to Zpv or Zvi Impedances 16- - Calculating the PI Impedance 16- - Calculating the PV Impedance 16- - Calculating the VI Impedance 16- - Impedance Multipliers 16- - Calculating Terminal Characteristic Impedance Matrix 16- - Calculating the S-Matrix 16- - Calculating the Z-Matrix 16- - Calculating the Y-Matrix 16- - Calculating the Complex Propagation Constant (Gamma) 16- - Calculating the Effective Wavelength (Lambda) 16- - Calculating the Relative Permittivity (Epsilon) 16- - De-embedded S-Matrices 16-
Radiated Fields 16-
- Spherical Cross-Sections 16-
- Maximum Near-Field Data 16-
- Maximum Far-Field Data 16-
- Array Factors 16-
  - Theory of the Array Factor Calculation 16-
  - Regular Uniform Arrays 16-
    - Scan Specification for Regular Uniform Arrays 16-
  - Custom Arrays 16-
  - Power Normalizations 16-
- Antenna Parameters 16-
  - Polarization of the Electric Field 16-
    - Spherical Polar 16-
    - Ludwig-3 Polarization 16-
    - Circular Polarization 16-
  - Axial Ratio 16-
  - Polarization Ratio 16-
  - Max U 16-
  - Peak Directivity 16-
  - Peak Gain 16-
  - Peak Realized Gain 16-
  - Radiated Power 16-
  - Accepted Power 16-
  - Incident Power 16-
  - Radiation Efficiency 16-
Calculating Finite Thickness Impedance 16-
Geometric Objects 16-
- Bondwires 16-
- Healing Models 16-
  - Error types 16-
  - Error detection 16-
Boundaries 16-
- Perfect E Boundaries 16-
- Impedance Boundaries 16-
  - Units of Impedance Boundaries 16-
- Radiation Boundaries 16-
- PML Boundaries 16-
  - Material Tensors Applied at PML Boundaries 16-
  - Tensor Entries 16-
  - Boundaries at PML Surfaces 16-
- Finite Conductivity Boundaries 16-
- Symmetry Boundaries 16-
  - Perfect E Vs. Perfect H Symmetry Boundaries 16-
  - Symmetry and Port Impedance 16-
  - Symmetry and Multiple Modes 16-

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Table of Contents

9. Assigning DC Thickness