HNC LEVEL 4 UNIT 8 Computer systems aritecheture., Study Guides, Projects, Research of Computer science

Download HNC LEVEL 4 UNIT 8 Computer systems aritecheture. and more Study Guides, Projects, Research Computer science in PDF only on Docsity!

TECHNICAL STEP BY

STEP GUIDE

Unit 8 System Architecture

Student Name: Hammaad Hayat

DECEMBER 10, 2021

By Hammaad Hayat

Table of Contents

• INTRODUCTION:
• CHAPTER 1: - 1.1 PURPOSE: - 1.2 REQUIRED RESOURCES - 1.3 LAB INSTRUCTIONS: - 1.3.1: PHYSICAL SETUP OF THE NETWORK NODES - 1.3.2: SETTING UP CISCO SWITCH CONNECTION THROUGH PUTTY - 1.3.3: CONFIGURING BASIC SWITCH SETTINGS - 1.3.4: CONFIGURING BASIC ROUTER SETTINGS - 1.3.5: SETTING UP PC’S IP ADDRESS - 1.3.6: VERIFY AND TEST PC’S NETWORK CONNECTIVITY
• CHAPTER 2: - 2.1 PURPOSE: - 2.2 AUDITING - 2.3 TEST & FAULT LOG
• GATHERING METHODS AND TECHNIQUES 2.4 REVIEW ON DIFFERENT DIAGNOSTIC AND TROUBLESHOOTING SKILLS INCLUDING DATA
• CHAPTER 3: - 3.1 PURPOSE: - 3.2 PHYSICAL CLEANING - 3.3 DEFRAGMENTATION - 3.4 CLEAR CACHE ON SERVER - 3.5 BACKUP - 3.6 REMOVING OLD FILES - 3.7 BROWSER – CACHE OR HISTORY - 3.8 ANTI-VIRUS - 3.9 SPEED CHECK - 3.10 CABLE MANAGEMENT - 3.11 VISUAL CHECK - 3.12 DEVICE MANAGEMENT CHECK - 3.13 GPU BENCHMARK CHECKER - 3.14 CLEAR ARP CACHE
  • REFERENCES:
• Student Name: Hammaad Hayat

CHAPTER 1:

1.1 PURPOSE:

During this Chapter One, this first practical task for Junior Technicians will involve setting up, configuring, and documenting suitable hardware and software to create network connectivity for Chipset.

1.2 REQUIRED RESOURCES:

The following resources and kit are required to carry out the first practical task.  1x Layer 3 Cisco 3750-48 Switch  1x Cisco 2811 Router  3x CAT5E ethernet cables  2x DELL OptiPlex 9020 USFF  2x DisplayPort cables  2x DVI cables  2x DisplayPort to DVI adapters  2x power cables for PCs  2x power cables for Switch and router  2x SAMSUNG Monitors  2x power cables for the monitor  1x Cisco console cable  1x console adapter USB  1x Windows Server 2019 OS BOOT UP USB  1x USB drive attached with Putty drivers

1.3 LAB INSTRUCTIONS:

1.3.1: PHYSICAL SETUP OF THE NETWORK NODES

3 Student Name: Hammaad Hayat 166610

1. First plug in PC1 CAT5E ethernet cable into Layer 3 Cisco 3750-48 Switch fastEthernet port 0/4 as you can see in red circle.
2. Next plug in PC2 CAT5E ethernet cable into Layer 3 Cisco 3750-48 Switch fastEthernet port 0/16 as you can see in orange circle.
3. After we need to plug CAT5 ethernet cable from Cisco 2811 Router fastEthernet port 0/0 into L3 Cisco 3750-48 Switch fastEthernet port 0/24, so we know which port needs trunking later. This is shown through the green circles.
4. Plug in the necessary input peripherals in the blue circle for the computer to function such as the keyboard and mouse.
5. Connect the DVI cable to the monitors and screw them into the adapter as you can see in pink circle. The adapter on the other side needs to be connected to DisplayPort port on the PCs which looks like HDMI port.

6. Lastly, connect PC power cable into back left port of the PC and turn on from power button.

1.3.2: SETTING UP CISCO SWITCH CONNECTION THROUGH PUTTY

4 Student Name: Hammaad Hayat 166610

1. Firstly, we need to plug in a USB drive that has Extra Putty files on them, and we need to click on the folder “Bin”.
2. To open PUTTY configuration menu, we need to click the “putty” application that is highlighted blue above.

1. Before configuring the PUTTY connection, we need check Serial Port hostname which is

COM9 to avoid errors in the next stage. 6 Student Name: Hammaad Hayat 166610

1. In the PUTTY configuration, we require to name the Host Name as COM9 and leave port as 22 and select connection type as SSH.
2. After your screen looks like the screenshot above, select Open and you should have successful connection into the Cisco 3750-48 Switch. 1.3.3: CONFIGURING BASIC SWITCH SETTINGS As you can see in the screenshot above, by entering in global configuration mode through privileged mode, the cisco switch requires a suitable hostname and password. In global mode (configure mode) , we require to create a Vlan 10 and 20. After creating the Vlan ID, we require to go config-vlan mode and enter the name for the vlan ID for each department. 7 Student Name: Hammaad Hayat 166610

Firstly, from user mode, we need to enter in provilage mode (#) so we can enter global mode and setup suitable naming convention and password for the Cisco 2811 Router.

1. Firstly, we need to create inter vlan (sub interface) for vlan 10 network in the global mode
2. In this inter vlan, 802.1Q is the most common trunking protocol and it is a standard and it is enabled on the router-sub interface by entering encapsulation dot1Q
3. We require to enter suitable Class A address and correct sub netmask as shown in the screenshot above in sub interface configuration mode,
4. Process of step 1,2,3 would be repeated for the inter vlan 20.
5. Lastly, we require to turn on fastEthernet 0/0 port through the “no shutdown” command for sub interfaces to work and avoid connection errors.
6. Firstly, in configure mode, we need setup DHCP pool for 10 network and the name for the DHCP is set as net
7. In the config-dhcp mode, we require to add the default gateway address, the Class A network address, and its subnet mask.
8. The same processes mentioned above would be carried out but for the 20 network this time. 9 Student Name: Hammaad Hayat 166610

As you can see in R1 global mode above, we have excluded the gateway IP addresses and PCs IP addresses to avoid IP conflict happening in the network. 1.3.5: SETTING UP PC’S IP ADDRESS

1. Initially, we need to go on the control panel on PC1 that can be accessed through the Windows search bar.
2. Next, click on the Network and Internet title and double click Network and Sharing Centre.
3. After, we would need to click change adapter settings which is located on the left side.
4. Now, we are in the Network Connections page. We need to right click on the Ethernet that is connected and click Properties.
5. On Ethernet Properties list, we need to double click on “TCP/IPv4”.
6. PC1 IP address and Default gateway need to be setup statically as shown in purple circle.
7. Same process steps from 1-6 would be repeated for PC2 but it would be for 20 network this time as shown in the yellow circle. 1.3.6: VERIFY AND TEST PC’S NETWORK CONNECTIVITY 10 Student Name: Hammaad Hayat 166610

Whilst you are completing your task, look at the filled audit table example above and complete blanked audit form below. 12 Student Name: Hammaad Hayat 166610 Device Current Configurations Required change/update Cisco 2811 Router

R

Int fa 0/0 192.168.1. Int fa 0/1 10.0.0. Protocol RIP Net 10.0.0. 255.0.0. Net 192.168.1. 255.255.255. Hostname to R1_Notts Enable password cisco Int fa 0/0. Encapsulation dot1Q 10 10.0.0. Int fa 0/0. Encapsulation dot1Q 20 20.0.0. IP DHCP Pool net Default-router 10.0.0. Network 10.0.0. 255.0.0. IP DHCP pool net Default-router 20.0.0. Network 20.0.0.0 255.0.0. Dell OptiPlex 9020 USFF PC IP dynamic Address Windows 10 Pro Ip address Dhcp automatically set. 8GB RAM Intel i5 Gen 4 2.9GHz 120GB SSD Need to reformat PC1 as it is on wrong OS and needs to be installed on Windows Server 2019 through USB boot up. Requires static IP Address 10.254.254. Dell OptiPlex 9020 USFF PC IP static Address 30.0.0. Windows 2019 Server 8GB RAM Intel i5 Gen 4 2.9GHz 120GB SSD Static IP Address required to be changed to 20.254.254. Layer 3 Cisco 3750-48 Switch Switch was already set to factory settings. hostname Switch version 12. no service timestamps log datetime msec no service timestamps debug datetime msec no service password-encryption interface Vlan no ip address shutdown interface FastEthernet0/ ! 1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/ Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/ Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/ Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/ Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/ Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/ Hostname needs to be changed to SW1_Notts Password enabled needs to be set as Cisco Fa 0/1-10 need to be dedicated to VLAN 10 and named (Departmnet10) Fa 0/11-20 need to be dedicated to VLAN 20 and named (Department20) Fa 0/24 ports needs to be trunked to allow different VLANs coming through.

Device Current Configurations Required change/update Cisco 2811 Router Dell OptiPlex 9020 USFF PC Dell OptiPlex 9020 USFF PC Layer 3 Cisco 3750-48 Switch

2.3 TEST & FAULT LOG

The following filled table displays test and fault log that needs to be carried out and fill in the blank provided test log table by the trainees. In this table, we have couple of faults and issues that occurred during the test that needs to record and the way it needs resolving and its solution. After we require to do retest to ensure that solution was effective or not. For instance, for test three, we need select what network node we are testing on and type of test it is. We need to outline why test is needed to be carried out in next section. The expected results should be identical to actual results if there is no fault, but if there is a fault, then we need record what happened. In the last section, if the test was not successful, we need record method of troubleshooting and how to diagnose it such as going into BIOS and changing boot type. After we require to do retest in the next row to ensure the required change solution was correct. If it was effective and no action needed, then we can record it as N/A. By providing solutions for the problems, it will create a problem or answer database that other staff in Chipset can refer to in case to similar faults occur in the future.

Test

No

Device Test Type Purpose of

test

Expected

results

Actual results Required

change/update

1 DELL

PC

Loopback Connectivity 4 packets

sent 4

received non

lost in 3ms

4 packets sent

4 received non

lost in 3ms

N/A

2 DELL

PC

Loopback Connectivity 4 packets

sent 4

received non

lost in 3ms

4 packets sent

4 received non

lost in 3ms

N/A

3 DELL

PC

Initial Hardware Test To see if the system passes POST test or not. System passing Post Test and loading without fault into operating system. System failed POST Test as no display from the monitor. Through layer one troubleshooting, doing a hard reset and go into Boot Manager and select legacy boot. 4 DELL PC Initial Hardware Test (Retest) To see if the system passes POST test or not. System passing Post Test and loading without fault into operating system. System passing Post Test and loading without fault into operating system.

N/A

5 DELL

PC

Initial Hardware Test To see if the system passes POST test or not. System passing Post Test and loading without fault into operating system. System failed POST Test as no display from the monitor. Through gathering information and resources from technician, DisplayPort cable required to be changed and swapped with a new 13 Student Name: Hammaad Hayat 166610

and research needed to be gathered on how to do this from the technicians. 14 DELL PC Connectivity Test (Retest) Ping to gateway router successful Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

N/A

15 DELL

PC

Connectivity Test Ping to gateway router successful Ping statistics for 20.0.0.1: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Ping statistics for 20.0.0.1: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 4 (100% loss), PC2 had IP address of 30.0.0.1 and needed to be configured to 20.254.254.254. 16 DELL PC Connectivity Test (Retest) Ping to gateway router successful Ping statistics for 20.0.0.1: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Ping statistics for 20.0.0.1: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

N/A

17 DELL

PC

IP

Connectivity To receive DHCP pool dynamic address from its network only. Obtain an IP address from 10 network automatically without error. Obtain an IP address from 10 network automatically without error.

N/A

18 DELL

PC

IP

Connectivity To receive DHCP pool dynamic address from its network only. Obtain an IP address from 20 network automatically without error. Obtain an IP address from 20 network automatically without error.

N/A

19 DELL

PC

Connectivity Test Able to ping from PC1 to PC2 without any error.

4 packets

sent 4

received non

lost in 3ms

Test failed as displayed request timed out. PC2 was not reachable as it was set on workgroup and needed to be changed to domain (chipset.com). 20 DELL PC Connectivity Test (Retest) Able to ping from PC1 to PC2 without any error.

4 packets

sent 4

received non

lost in 3ms

4 packets sent

4 received non

lost in 3ms

N/A

21 DELL

PC

Connectivity Test Able to ping from PC2 to PC1 without any error.

4 packets

sent 4

received non

lost in 3ms

4 packets sent

4 received non

lost in 3ms

N/A

22 DELL

PC

Connectivity PUTTY Test Able to connect and configure

Successful

connection

to Cisco

Unsuccessful

connection to

Cisco 3750-

PUTTY drivers were not installed on PC1. We had to seek 15 Student Name: Hammaad Hayat 166610

Cisco 3750- 48 Switch from PC1.

Switch

without

errors.

Switch with

errors.

information from technician who sourced i nstallation files to install them on. 23 DELL PC Connectivity Test (Retest) Able to connect and configure Cisco 3750- 48 Switch from PC1.

Successful

connection

to Cisco

Switch

without

errors

Successful

connection to

Cisco 3750-

Switch

without errors

N/A

24 DELL

PC

Connectivity Test Able to connect and configure Cisco 3750- 48 Switch from PC2.

Successful

connection

to Cisco

Switch

without

errors

Successful

connection to

Cisco 3750-

Switch

without errors

N/A

25 Cisco 3750- Switch

VLAN

Trunking PC1 can communicate through sub interface trunks.

FastEthernet

port 0/

was trunked

successfully

FastEthernet

port 0/24 was

trunked

unsuccessfully

We had entered following command “Switchport trunk encaspulationdot1Q” to allow encapsulation on a trunk. 26 Cisco 3750- Switch (Retest)

VLAN

Trunking (Retest) PC1 can communicate through sub interface trunks.

FastEthernet

port 0/

was trunked

successfully

FastEthernet

port 0/24 was

trunked

unsuccessfully

27 Cisco 3750- Switch

VLAN 10

Membership PC1 is connected and dedicated to VLAN 10 port.

FastEthernet

0/1-10 was

successfully

assigned to

VLAN 10.

FastEthernet

0/1-10 was

successfully

assigned to

VLAN 10.

N/A

28 Cisco 3750- Switch

VLAN 20

Membership PC2 is connected and dedicated to VLAN 20 port.

FastEthernet

0/11-20 was

successfully

assigned to

VLAN 20.

FastEthernet

0/11 -20 was

failed to

assign to

VLAN 20

The switch displays the incorrect port membership in VLANS. We required to select range of the Fa 0/11- 20 and turn them on through “no shutdown” command. 29 Cisco 3750- Switch

VLAN 20

Membership (Retest) PC2 is connected and dedicated to VLAN 20 port.

FastEthernet

0/11-20 was

successfully

assigned to

VLAN 20.

FastEthernet

0/11-20 was

successfully

assigned to

VLAN 20.

N/A

30 Cisco 2811 Inter VLAN 10 Sub interface for 10

Sub interface

of fa 0/0.

Sub interface

of fa 0/0.

The issue was diagnosed by doing 16 Student Name: Hammaad Hayat 166610

the fault stays or disappears. If it still stayed, we had to boot into BIOS through hard reset and go into Boot Manager and ensure legacy boot was on. Test 7 DELL PC2 could not load into its operating system (Windows Server 2019) and displayed black screen with boot up error message. We had to diagnose this fault by escalating to chief technician to question him and gain information what boot up error means. Through observation and guidance, we were suggested to refer to the motherboard vendor documentation to ensure that the BIOS settings are correct. The problem was fixed through visual check that USB boot up drive had no media interfering with the boot process and configured boot order to USB first correctly in BIOS. Test 13 DELL PC1 failed to communicate (ping) to address of the gateway router (10.0.0.1). Error message displayed on PC1 command prompt that the router was not researchable. To find the root of cause of this network fault, is gathering information from the Cisco 2811 Router and Cisco 3750-48 Switch by looking at running config (scripts). From this, we come up with conclusion what it is going and eliminate possible cause which is configuring the switch to allow VLAN 10 to come through trunk port. Divide and conquer technique was used as help to realise we need to start troubleshooting from bottom-up approach through doing using a testing tool (ping). Test15 DELL PC2 failed to communicate (ping) to address of the gateway router (20.0.0.1). Error message displayed on PC1 command prompt that the router was not researchable. Divide and conquer approach was used by performing ping test and the test was unsuccessful, so help technician realise they need to start from top-down troubleshooting starting from the network layer. Information gathering method was through looking the network nodes audits to see what PC2 IP address is supposed to be and use the comparing like devices approach to see what PC IP address was configured to. This was achieved through going to IP settings in Ethernet properties. The static IP address of PC2 had to be configured to 20.254.254.254 instead 18 Student Name: Hammaad Hayat 166610

of 30.0.0.1. Test 19 PC1 failed to communicate to PC through a ping test on command prompt. The test failed as displayed error message of request timed out. If the ping test was unsuccessful, through using divide and conquer approach, technicians can realise they need to start from top-down troubleshooting method. Questions from the technicians were required to be escalated what the error message meant. Through gathering information from his experience of faults, we discovered PC2 was not reachable as it was on workgroup and supposed to be set as a domain (chipset.com). Hard reset of PC2 was required for the change to work. Test 22 DELL PC1 failed to connect Cisco 3750-48 switch so user was unable to configure it and error message displayed. To diagnose the fault, we need check if it is hardware or software fault. Using the bottom-up approach, technicians first check the serial port was connected securely between the network nodes. Next, we had to use swap serial port cable to see if it was cable issue or not. It was not layer one fault, so we had to gather information from other technicians who had history of this fault (a trend). Through having discussion with them on the error message, we were suggested it was software issue. On PC2, we had to go on device manager to have visual check if the PUTTY drivers were installed or not. They were not installed as had explanation mark next to the driver. We had to escalate to chief technician who sourced us drivers’ installation files and install them on PC2 to resolve the fault. Number of test number Description Diagnose and troubleshoot technique

2.4 REVIEW ON DIFFERENT DIAGNOSTIC AND TROUBLESHOOTING SKILLS INCLUDING

DATA GATHERING METHODS AND TECHNIQUES Diagnostics is a process of the technician to determine the root cause of the problem. For instance, this is a similar situation when patient goes to a doctor when they are unwell, and the doctor tries to get to the root 19 Student Name: Hammaad Hayat 166610