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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION 2026 EXAM SCRIPT FULLY
SOLVED QUESTIONS
◉When clinicians assess a client's presenting problem(s) in order to plan for treatment, which of the following approaches to diagnosis reflects a developmental viewpoint?. Answer: Assess the nature of the problem by considering the person's unique history, interpersonal context, and challenges in the extrapersonal environment. ◉Which of the following statements is true about the effects of teratogens on the developing fetus?. Answer: The kind of damage done depends on the stage of development during exposure ◉The available data indicate that chronic maternal stress during pregnancy has which of the following effects on the fetus?. Answer: Is related to newborn hyperactivity and irritability ◉For most mental illnesses and behavioral disorders, like alcoholism and clinical depression, the genetic contribution can best be described as. Answer: Polygenic
◉Which of the following is true with respect to the impact of nurture on the fetus' developing brain?. Answer: The establishment of some synaptic connections in the fetal brain depends upon environmental input, like sound. ◉Using Erikson's developmental theory as a framework, which of the following statements is an accurate representation of his ideas?. Answer: Successful resolution of a psychosocial crisis at each stage depends upon having more positive than negative experiences in the area of major concern. ◉Juan, a 7-month-old infant, lives in a city where the availability of high quality child care is very limited. His mother is forced to leave Juan in the care of a young woman who also cares for five other infants and toddlers in her small apartment. According to Bronfenbrenner's theory, which of the following influences on Juan's development represents an example of a proximal process?. Answer: The quality of care-giving Juan receives in day care. ◉Gisela is a 6-year-old Peruvian girl who lives with her family on a farm in a rural village. She often helps her father take produce to a market to sell. She does not know how to read, but she understands the cost of items and can make change without errors. Sophie is a 6- year-old who lives in the US. She is in the 1st grade, is making great progress in learning to read and write, and is gaining skill in computer use. What is the best way to explain the development of these two children?. Answer: The processes involved in cognitive
young clients think can help in structuring interventions that build effectively on existing knowledge and meanings. ◉Which statement is true?. Answer: Bilingual preschoolers demonstrate better executive functioning skills than monolingual preschoolers. ◉At 10 months old, Suzie is very active, responds intensely to stimulation, avoids new stimulation, and tends to be irritable and fussy. Suzie's mother, Anne, wants to be a good caregiver, but Suzie's fussiness and intensity have made her feel like a failure. Anne sometimes finds herself withdrawing from Suzie and not responding when Suzie cries because she feels like it will do no good. Which answer describes the best response that Anne's counselor should give to her?. Answer: Anne is not responsible for her baby's fussiness. Some babies are needier and more negative than others. In the long run, continuing to be responsive to her crying will help Suzie to better regulate her emotions. ◉Maddy is the mother of 4-month old Gordon. She has felt depressed since his birth and is frequently withdrawn. Due to her depression, it is likely that, in comparison to other 4-month-olds, Gordon will exhibit:. Answer: a coping style marked by more frequent withdrawal ◉Some research shows that cultural values and goals shape the kinds of discipline that parents use with their children. Based on the
Harwood, 1999 study, which of the following statements is most true in this regard?. Answer: Puerto Rican mothers were more likely than European American mothers to use directives and issue commands with their children ◉1. Match the infant attachment style to the appropriate descriptor (correct matches in grid below). Answer: Securely attached Babies with this attachment style can use their mother as a secure base to explore the world. Babies are table to tolerate separation because they know their mother will be available if they need her. ◉Match the parenting style with the appropriate descriptive combination of warmth and demandingness (correct matches in grid below).. Answer: Authoritarian Low warmth; high demandingness ◉1. The term ____________ refers to the description of a person's attributes, whereas the term ____________ refers to how a person feels about those attributes.. Answer: a. self-concept / self-esteem ◉Match the infant attachment style to the appropriate descriptor (correct matches in grid beMatch the infant attachment style to the appropriate descriptor (correct matches in grid below)low). Answer: Anxious Ambivalent--Insecure attachment
◉Match the parenting style with the appropriate descriptive combination of warmth and demandingness (correct matches in grid below).. Answer: Permissive High warmth; low demandingness ◉Match the parenting style with the appropriate descriptive combination of warmth and demandingness (correct matches in grid below).. Answer: Neglecting-uninvolved Low warmth; low demandingness ◉Surya wants 8-year-old Leila to start her homework. Leila doesn't want to turn off the TV. Surya raises her voice and threatens to take away Leila's TV privileges for a week if she doesn't comply. Surya enters the room and commands Leila to obey. Leila begins to wail, saying that the homework is too hard and that she never understands it anyway. At this point the phone rings. Surya gets absorbed in the call. Thirty minutes later, Leila is still watching TV and another battle ensues. Surya, exhausted from the struggle, take her to bed. Which behavior is most likely to increase next time?. Answer: TV viewing ◉1. Match each disciplinary method to child outcome (correct matches in grid below).. Answer: Power assertion Likely to be immediately compliant; however, can lead to high levels of anxiety, anger, and aggression
◉1. Match each disciplinary method to child outcome (correct matches in grid below).. Answer: Induction Children internalize rules and are more likely to regulate their own behavior even when the adult is not there. ◉1. Match each disciplinary method to child outcome (correct matches in grid below).. Answer: Love withdrawal Likely to be immediate compliant and high levels of anxiety ◉The internalization of rules and standards of behavior is most closely associated with the development of. Answer: conscience ◉In Bolby's attachment theory, which of the following represents a primary outcome of the formation of attachments in infancy? Choose the best answer.. Answer: A working model of self, of others, and of relationships ◉Stanley is 7 years old. His parents are quite concerned about his school progress. Although he has begun to learn to read, he reverses some letters when he writes. Based on research, Stanley's school counselor should tell his parents that. Answer: brain development can be quite uneven in childhood and as a result, it is not unusual for children to show poor performance in isolated skills
refuses. How would an individual in Kohlberg's preconventional stage of moral reasoning explain Selena's behavior?. Answer: Selena didn't take the candy because she might get caught ◉Peter, who is an aggressive 11-year-old, is referred to the counselor because of a recent episode of fighting on the bus. When asked to explain what happened, Peter said that he had to sit next to a girl who was laughing with her friend across the aisle about the kids in school. Enraged by this, Peter pushed her head into the window. Where is the likely error in Peter's social information processing about this situation?. Answer: Peter interprets cues incorrectly, and assumes the girls are making negative comments about him ◉According to the research discussed in the text, it is generally a best practice for counselors to approach working with youngsters who demonstrate anger, noncompliance, and aggression in which of the following ways?. Answer: Provide structure and a clear set of guidelines for appropriate behavior while seeking to enhance social competence ◉Which of these statements about the cross-cultural differences and the development of the self is not true?. Answer: Children from Western societies are more likely that children from Eastern societies to incorporate characteristics of close family and friends into their self-concepts
◉Which of these statements about gender and/or cultural contribution to self-esteem is most supported in the literature?. Answer: Higher levels of support for children's self-expression is associated with higher levels of self-worth for both boys and girls. ◉Steinberg and Scott (2003) argue that when teenagers are found guilty of a crime, it may be that their culpability is mitigated in comparison to that of typical adults. Which of these is not one of the reasons they argue teenagers are probably less culpable than adults?. Answer: Adolescents are experiencing fluctuating hormone levels ◉Which statement is most true regarding brain development in adolescence?. Answer: In adolescence, the synaptic pruning process primarily occurs in areas of the brain that are related to higher level functions, such as the front lobe. ◉Although our understanding of sexual orientation requires continual investigation, which statement regarding sexual orientation is most supported by the literature at this time?. Answer: There appears to be a strong biological influence on sexual orientation, including heredity and prenatal hormone exposure. ◉Formal operational thought is linked to which of the following cognitive processes which develop throughout middle childhood and into adolescence?. Answer: increased processing speed
◉What is the "two pronged" approach to helping adolescents with their behavioral, social, and/or academic problems?. Answer: a focus on reducing risk factors and enhancing protective factors ◉Which of these factors has not been proposed as a contributor to the decline in academic orientation and motivation in early adolescence?. Answer: rigorous high school curriculum and teachers with high expectations ◉Hannah's mother brought her into counseling because she has "changed" now that she is 16. Hannah's mother stated that Hannah has broken her curfew recently and has started swearing and becoming more argumentative at home. Hannah's mother stated they frequently argue about Hannah's hairstyle, clothing, and music. Hannah's mother reported that Hannah has not had any major problems at school, but she is concerned that she problems at home will become more serious. What information would you least likely give Hannah's mother about Hannah's behavior?. Answer: Since their arguments about her hair/clothing/music are about mundane/minor issues, their conflicts are not likely to interfere with their parents-child relationship. ◉Research by Arnett and colleagues indicates that young adults today define adulthood as:. Answer: The person has begun to make independent decisions and accept responsibility for the consequences of their actions
◉Studies of brain activity during the early adult years suggest an increased capacity for. Answer: behavioral and emotional control ◉A counselor helping a young adult client with procrastination must recognize that this problem can have many sources. In young adulthood, one common developmental source is. Answer: poor self- management skills ◉Which of the following has the greatest potential to interfere with mature critical thinking and reflective judgment [Note, this is not a great question on my part]. Answer: Lack of metacognitive ability ◉Which of the following is the best example of fifth-stage thinking?. Answer: Kendra learns about several different religions, finds all of them internally consistent and appealing in some ways ◉According to Holland's Personality Types, an SOPP graduate student in clinical psychology would be most likely to have which personality type?. Answer: Social ◉Which of the following is NOT an adult attachment style?. Answer: Dismissing-fearful ◉In Super's developmental approach to career satisfaction, he argues that an individual's vocational self-concept evolves over time.
◉Extraversion. Answer: Assertive, energetic, enthusiastic ◉Agreeableness. Answer: warm, affectionate, compliant ◉Conscientiousness. Answer: organized, responsible, self-controlled ◉Openness to Experience. Answer: Creative, insightful, positive orientation to learning ◉Based upon research about marital relationships conducted by Gottman, what feature of a relationship best predicts the demise of a relationship?. Answer: Negative affect reciprocity ◉Cross-cultural research findings indicate that. Answer: age-related changes in personality traits are consistent across different cultural groups ◉What can you reliably predict about normal age-related changes in cognitive functioning in middle adulthood?. Answer: Most people need to take a little more time when solving complex problems ◉Which one of these statements is NOT TRUE about homosexual couples/parents?. Answer: Homosexual parents are more likely to use a permissive parenting style than heterosexual parents
◉Consummate Love. Answer: Has intimacy, passion, and commitment ◉Empty Love. Answer: Has commitment, but not intimacy or passion ◉Companionate Love. Answer: Has intimacy and commitment, but not passion ◉Romantic Love. Answer: Has intimacy and passion but not commitment ◉According to Erikson and Vaillant, which of the following statements best captures the psychological state that is typical of midlife?. Answer: Striving to find a way to use one's talent to give meaning to life and to the lives of other people ◉Genaro is a 55-year-old truck driver who has developed anxiety attacks after a recent accident that left him with a serious back injury. Because of his anxiety, he has stopped going to physical therapy. He is considering whether he can return to truck driving, whether he can afford to retire, or if he will need to explore other options for a new career. Which of the following would be an example of growth in adapting to these circumstances?. Answer:
