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Human Evolution notes, Study notes of Biology

Biology

Study notes of human evolution

Typology: Study notes

2020/2021

Uploaded on 08/26/2021

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Human Evolution
1. Why is being bipedal a good thing?
Being bipedal is a good thing because it allows you to stand on 2 feet. This is helpful because
it allows organisms that can stand up to see further which is important if you live in a
grassland. Organisms that are bipedal can use their hands and arms to hunt.
2. What is the evidence that humans evolved from apes?
Scientific evidence shows that the physical and behavioural traits shared by all people
originated from apelike ancestors. The more knowledge in the dating of fossils help us
determine the age of those remains, which help contribute to the bigger picture about when
the different milestones in evolving into humans are.
3. Why are the ice ages important for the spread of modern humans?
Humans adapted to the harsh climate by developing tools such as the bone needle to sew
warm clothing and used the land bridges to spread to new regions.
Digging Deeper
1. What was Darwin's little heresy?
It was that humans indeed did evolve like animals through natural selection.
2. What was "the missing link" thought to be?
A fossil that was half human and half ape to prove that we evolved from apes.
3. Why weren't the Neanderthal and Homo erectus fossilsthat were found
thought to be the missing link?
Because they were closer to humans then apes.
4. What was the problem with the fossil evidence from Africa? What was found
to be incorrect and why?
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Human Evolution

  1. Why is being bipedal a good thing? Being bipedal is a good thing because it allows you to stand on 2 feet. This is helpful because it allows organisms that can stand up to see further which is important if you live in a grassland. Organisms that are bipedal can use their hands and arms to hunt.
  2. What is the evidence that humans evolved from apes? Scientific evidence shows that the physical and behavioural traits shared by all people originated from apelike ancestors. The more knowledge in the dating of fossils help us determine the age of those remains, which help contribute to the bigger picture about when the different milestones in evolving into humans are.
  3. Why are the ice ages important for the spread of modern humans? Humans adapted to the harsh climate by developing tools such as the bone needle to sew warm clothing and used the land bridges to spread to new regions. Digging Deeper
  4. What was Darwin's little heresy? It was that humans indeed did evolve like animals through natural selection.
  5. What was "the missing link" thought to be? A fossil that was half human and half ape to prove that we evolved from apes.
  6. Why weren't the Neanderthal and Homo erectus fossils that were found thought to be the missing link? Because they were closer to humans then apes.
  7. What was the problem with the fossil evidence from Africa? What was found to be incorrect and why?

The problem was that the fossil was that the fossil of a town child, but these didn’t fit with another discovery that was 16 years earlier. They found that Piltdown man didn’t make sense both in its physiology and geographical location.

  1. Why is it difficult to identify whether an apelike fossil is a direct human ancestor or not? So many fossils have been found that it is hard to find which ones are direct ancestors and which are evolutionary dead ends.
  2. List the traits that separate humans from apes. Skull shape, more slender body form, larger brain size, walking on two legs, having opposable thumbs.
  3. Why did the DNA of humans and apes seem as if they did not share a common evolutionary ancestor? How was that resolved? Humans had 46 chromosomes while apes had 48 chromosomes, so it was thought that we did not directly evolve from them but then it was discovered that 2 pairs of chromosomes fused together.
  4. When was the last common ancestor between chimps and humans? When was the last between Neanderthal and humans? The last common ancestor between chimps and humans was around 5 million years ago while the last common ancestor between neanderthal and humans was around half a million years ago.
  5. What is the scientific evidence for the creation of humans by a deity? Humans weren’t a creation of a deity as we evolved over time from apes, this is proven by the fossil and DNA evidence connecting humans with apes.