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Neuroglia

Israr Hussain Yousafzai BS (Anesthesia) PGRT MSPH Senior Respiratory Therapist, HMC Peshawar

Introduction

• (^) Also known as glial cells, n on neural cell or supporting cell 1. Immunity 2. Metabolic 3. Repair 4. Structural
• (^) 10-15 times of neuron

Astrocytes

• (^) Star-shaped neuroglial cells present in all the parts of the brain , having two types: 1. Fibrous Astrocytes
  • (^) Occupy mainly the white matter , but few are also found in gray matter
  • (^) The processes of these cells cover the nerve cells and synapses
  • (^) Play an important role in the formation of blood-brain barrier
  • (^) BBB is a tight junction of capillary membrane with the processes of astrocytes 2. Protoplasmic Astrocytes
  • (^) Present in gray matter , that run between nerve cell bodies

Microglia

• (^) The smallest neuroglial cells
• (^) Derived from monocytes
• (^) Being phagocytic cells, it migrate to the site of infection or injury and are often called the macrophages of CNS

Oligodendrocytes

• (^) Also called oligodendroglia
• (^) It have only few processes, which are short
• (^) It produce myelin sheath around the nerve fibers in CNS, b/c Schwann cells are absent
• (^) Provide support to the CNS neurons by forming a semi-stiff connective tissue between the neurons

Peripheral Neuroglial Cells

Schwann Cells

• (^) Major glial cells in PNS
• (^) Provide myelination around the nerve fibers in PNS
• (^) Remove cellular debris during repair by their phagocytic activity „ Satellite Cells
• (^) Present on the exterior surface of PNS neurons
• (^) Provide physical support to the PNS neurons
• (^) Help in regulation of chemical environment of ECF around the PNS neurons