Human reproduction hand written notes, Study notes of Biology

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2025/2026

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} ! ct k Epcopucrton! H HUMAN: > Uniseual > Mammal, viviparow eo Le pevetopment of off spring takes . place inside te mother's , body - i= Directly giz birth Fo youd ONnca. \ %. obtain food yr Me = Off spit i s milk. x Events of serual Reproduction in Hue i y Garnetagenesis ‘Ls Pamation of Gamete . 4y Lnsernination — Transfer qua fenale’ O Perlitisation s Pusiow of mad: Ganekes to jvm zygote d Imptantalion >» Afachmnent 4. 1 QuAastoc ys’ cok. D patusition > Diuvay df i Lactation -> Production of mule . x Diffecnas Mm Events —, > famatin of spon Called Sperratognesis. =D ’ (2 rate va \ VAN and Femate Pa Ax 3 aol f — female 9 | at foetal Gass begin ge Ala Ld St stops ow (MENOPAUSE . > Last rent cycle . (5-50 years) ]—> MEAARCHE = Fret * ‘Tytes of Bex hate Ser > Ons ce Ue AEspqHs- HS y forrratior of amete and Hormones. a mk Testosterone d > Testis - in mate. Ova — in female. \ Cee . -menstriak cycle . Stconclary bx Organ => aus Hhak we Acspoustble for sovage and transportation of amete - % f > Yasdefercns -in male. | fadlopian tub - mM female. & Eshogen . ‘ x a) A pair & Testes (paral) by Accessany ducts :- ‘Reke ©) Access ay flan Male eproductive oH tt located tn pelvic Azion 4 pelvis Acgion Ae ° Make peproductive vdystem cout of - Gpididy ris ds - Srinal vesrcle, bubbouretnat fra. — System * | Testis ( pingular) Rests, Vasa Efpernlia, Yas dof fevers tes prostide ‘Nand, et v NOT ES 9 Speimatic Cad —» Puscles , Vas Deferens, plerves, : blad vessels. Ctemastor muscle. —> Joins the festis to Abdomen. 7 Lnguinal Canal —> Fyins the scrotum to Abdomen. Gubernecutum —> Helps in descendting te Aestic in Atrotum from abdoréaat Canty linha onal stage. ale Sctolum —> Tt Coutaras tests. Tt it ordtsr ahdlominal Cavity fo maintain temperature) 2- 2.5 lower that hoovnal baaly femp. > _ - Usethral meatus [ongice —> Opening of Utalhrms me hrastate find > gums ie | } C Unno- foital Auch. Darts ruuscle —> Tt Connects wall of scrofum fo teste. Aud helps tn fostining oY testis. H Testis * \ So ae aS > primey Oey Organ. > present outside Me abdovinak Cavity. > Helps ue formation of pen andl Hormones. = farrea « i A Size _ (festasterone) Length = Y-§ Gt- width me Oke 383M. 3 yo’ = As speumatygeness ; * than boey a 2- 25° dower temperature , y : cays a vasa bfferentia [l0-12) Ie ioe ead] eae tubules [ Speims ane produced) qoens in Kéke testi. : * Fych testis has @ hard - tough guder coveriteg Caled 1 vides Me testis jo 900-250 dD A Dies ed (eee Compu. DAG Ral i ie he Gipen aD ae ee ASustancular cell) Stmmnurterous Toout 6 Seriniferous fubules > J Ls9 * = ee Compete @ [Bromunocimp tye o WEC:. S L gh aI ia Mi ME EEN Functions of Sertoli Celts i > Pt forms blood tabs Lasser. : >t provides nouishment to aewelepig (ome sels: | —> Show PG YE uature for dead , mprpe SPOT. | (Onguf)> Data | > Seckeles factors Cilled Spm maturation factor. Likich helps tn malerieg Sporn » fein . > HF abo secretes AbP.~ Ancrqgen dindlng pie ) MeP Aelpt to con® Anctragen (0 increase Con® Androgen “in seruupenus Tubules. 2S Accessory Gland > Seach Saumal Asma 4 | | Sanieal vesicle. bsostale gand Lulbaurttral fland location Behind the. UAltcasy bladder below a Urinary bladeade Bow the prbtate er | Pres ou either Arde af Urethra Alumber Raised (2) Wupaired ¢V patrd (2 KConclent 60-70% Secretion 20-257. Secretion 5-lor Secretion Secaete Eructose and Clotheeg Proteins (bibsinogen) secrete Ca?” tomas, fhusphate (ous, ; aiclotting Pickin. (Pibainaigein ze) Secrete MUCUS helt iu Lubrication of Pews Ge es K Sentinal Plasma: 4 QM = 74 ~ Aliealine) => Sedo of al. POY Glands . Dt contains fous, Coapulaki du » nedbriewts “Clg - > » biaides medium [n hich. perm ts present md Ploatt. ; CAMETOGENESIS i a Yb Chios ore (27 22 pair Opomosome 4 Anomorome a wedtasorne delevnune cad wp ance of Moan except fre? Ce a Mitosis 1 pasent Cll -> 2 dauplder 2n-an n ->R > ploiey teel Auman Sane. (Ec GUATIOWAL pwr) [Speamatog encsik PUtred) | pair ohsormozome 2 Chaomacore Sex hsomosome ca vo qedertitee y dulerine gender a Fura. ney ‘male boy /mate XY Division —_———— (eiosis J pused Cell % 4 daughter ca 2n Nn > ploidy tevel reduces to hal. Ceepucr Equal DIVvESOY) She ae event of formation va Sper stastieg frm Aporradtogia « iad a | Spermalogenesi = a peimialegonia Milosisd ' speimabocylogenasis Yay . &e \, at ——> hrinany Spumato cyte Meiosis T . | (n) — speerias | d J J 224, ; pop dod. lerwe a 4 —> Sperm fSpermakoroa * ([Spermatocytggeness] wa vo, “a | The Cytoplasmuc Content of same rales incredses which dead to Col frow porns Purary spurialocyfe. : ‘ \ UT dhe sncraem Gf motile pom] spermatozoa fron spond , tus process tk (crown . ah rurtiogenesit. } hy _ : : \ r \ ; . , # Stouctue f Spem + a : ° page from i bodes. 4 = lAciosome] ° Ake dt above He y (lp of spermy huicleus fled toith enayne, Called as Sperm wysins ( . - Helps in ponetrabing ovum . we PAZ SJ Es with pemabe nucleus to te nucle 3 wet OE. 8 Oe | | Helps in Cleavage division 2 inal Conta) of embyye' \ \\ if Head ee _> 95-30 spirally ahenged : \ 4 provides hey fo spe and helps ra “locomotion ; Tt porrty ) atial filamen} Ye, oumed b pital onlin and picient coithite oh Helps tt tocomaiou of spum 1 7 x Sten = Seminal plasma * spun | ae yeease 2:5 to §.0 7h af apem Ls (ne 1 contains -> 200- 300 rellite Sporr- | — bod of tee, at least 607 of spams rust, : have woimal shape and size aad a least Yon a Suns must be vegsously riotite | | Mee _& 2 Eyternal Genitalia Ly ylong catth a puis ‘of ‘Panna gland , a St ructe and functionally sigppints ovudation ional EEL Creed © child birth and \ J Uerine Eurus [7 is Se Lt hnimenat 2 ate & , Drfundibuleum ' i gine iu ' é 4“ pimbriae a olor rium S vay Vee, 7 | t Cervical biath Canak pe . 1 ma Copulatnry canal Baty vuk . x Anmpulla > Sile of fertilisation . >. = me alached to te pelvic ad uterine wade the help 4 or r=. ees tube f ourduct L Upto to-12 cm Lowy. D> (PufundiBulir) Funel shaped pain of pallepiantube. Closest to Ovi ‘Contain Pinger Like projection Called [imbrde,. , ’ which Aecieve mature ovum. b> Gp] -corder portion there pertitisation takes place - o > Galera) ‘Rerminal portion which joius with Uterus-- 3. Uterus / thom : Ls Peverteal [ea - shaped : , * Lundus’ the part of Views where trrplantation — OCCUE . —> Uferus opens indo vagina Mi rough COMIX. > Cewrx enclses Cewical Canat. > Cewix + vagina = pisth Canat- > vagina : Copudatory Casual . amen eS ESSE: IED ONS OAT: EIS SSDS NY SG i | OY. Utterine wall | tdall of Ulems ay | ae oe ~ outer most Layer. \ Q ; Le middle Layer _ Cone hich undergoes L> Punermost Layer 7 ; : > ME VASC See, C8 ee changes cl Wes ; Gye’ . OB Vagina © ee ! ink a oe "'Csan and Aecheve SUNK. > GY helps Ur COU ; : So i lie fenown a Coaputatory canal = Vag (ta 4 COW = °, i consist of : > Peres fubts- > Labia Mayora. > Labia nora. > Clitoris. 7 OE: mee be present or io * Plammary (land ‘ Shey ase only function in female. >I secretes and toes tlh . —> present above rhe pectnalis wuajor tuscle. Sy ue Pilled with Wandidlar Aisgue. —> hese gees tissue ft duidecl tuto [5-20 Vamrery Lobes. — Lach mamma “lobes Contatus he rule forrare Atructors Called reamblan Aweds whee pul Can aby be stored —> Bech Alveds qpens into nah les. > pammasy tubules joins to form “(ati week —> wider portion o ares duct is Klouwtl Bo... eam, Aad open tuto Lactiferous . dud 4. where Mille 8 ducked out: > fll Lacteferous duct concentrate. a & pond Called Mipple - > Derk - Coloured kit around Hhe supple u Called Asecla . ; HH Lactation - — 7: bs Lyrmatin a production G null. YY ‘i w master of Master feng: x PRU > Psolactin Releasing Horraowe. * PTH > prolactin Dnhibitig Horrene. PH Lxalectn) — Mammatrpic Lact avapol vgpic 2a WC 1 Event . | heed Development and Ludasgorent 4 synthesis ithe . but Y fd Unig Ae Prequancy Ais _ Preqnaned tehiBHed due €0 high level yo (rgesterone : "AH > Quam nee Couddio , Hypothalamus Up, dhe production of Yrolactin fy Adleasing PLY. PRH -> Dusir fre , Hypothalamus Aceases PRH Tohck atiMalates! pilutary fo produce Prolactin Horvrone . ; But Benaheion witk still Auphessed 4y Vragestesone - 4 Dt supports pregnancy. > After bith of child ov diliwery of Child , level Psogestesone falls down “and prolactin come, dominant and milk production Stas. 4 Oopenesis :- Sen L. Lymation of a mature Our from Oogania. « Structure of follicles * “s- Peay fdllicle -> ; ; “s 5 : Single layer ff Granulosa colli. An ae