Partial preview of the text
Download Human reproduction notes and more Lecture notes Family and Consumer Science in PDF only on Docsity!
Chapter 1: Human Reproduction 1. Male Reproductive System Testes Located in scrotum (maintains temperature 2—2.5°C lower than body temp). Functions: Spermatogenesis — production of sperms. Secretion of testosterone (male hormone). Accessory ducts Epididymis: storage and maturation of sperms. Vas deferens: transport of sperms. Ejaculatory duct: passage of semen. Urethra: common passage for urine and semen. Glands Seminal vesicles: secrete fructose (energy for sperms). Prostate gland: alkaline secretion, motility of sperms. Bulbourethral glands: mucus for lubrication. Penis Copulatory organ; transfers sperm into female tract. . Female Reproductive System Ovaries Almond-shaped, located in abdominal cavity. Functions: Produce ova (eggs). Secrete hormones: estrogen, progesterone. spermatocyte — secondary spermatocyte — spermatid > spermatozoa (sperms). Controlled by hormones (FSH, LH, Testosterone). Oogenesis Occurs in ovary. Primary oocyte (at birth, arrested in prophase 1). At puberty — one ovum matures per cycle. Results in 1 ovum + 3 polar bodies. . Menstrual Cycle (28 days) Menstrual Phase (Day 1-5) Shedding of endometrium. Drop in progesterone. Follicular Phase (Day 6-14) FSH stimulates follicle growth. Estrogen secretion increases. Ovulation (Day 14) LH surge — rupture of Graafian follicle — release of ovum. e Luteal Phase (Day 15-28) ¢ Corpus luteum forms — secretes progesterone. e Prepares endometrium for implantation. 5. Fertilization & Pregnancy e Fertilization occurs in ampulla of fallopian tube. e Sperm penetrates ovum — zygote formed. e Zygote — cleavage > morula > blastocyst. e Blastocyst implants in endometrium. ¢ Placenta: temporary organ for exchange of nutrients, gases, waste between mother & fetus. ¢ Hormones during pregnancy: hCG, hPL, progesterone, estrogen. 6. Parturition (Childbirth) 
