HUMSS Creative Non-Fiction, Lecture notes of English

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City of Good Character

Writer: Noemi Escolano-Del Rosario

Illustrator: Marexcza Z. Salinas

Layout Artist: Richland C. Buere

Department of Education National Capital Region SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE MARIKINA CITY Creative Nonfiction FIRST QUARTER – MODULE 1 Theme and Techniques in a Text SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

City of Good Character

Good day senior high school learners! In this lesson, you will be able to learn how to: In addition, you will learn concepts and answer activities that will help you do the following which are connected to our main lesson:

1. define what are the themes and techniques in a text;
2. identify the theme of the text;
3. determine the author’s purpose in a text; and
4. compose and discuss the literary technique used in a text Pre-Assessment Activity Directions : Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
5. It gives the author’s message or the central idea of a text a. Theme B. Plot C. Critical Reading D. Setting
6. It is specific, deliberate construction of language which an author uses to convey meaning. A. Literary Genre C. Literary Technique B. Literary Art D. Literary Figures
7. What is the first step in analyzing a text? A. ask questions and make note of them B. identify the different tools the author uses to express the theme C. look for repeated words or images D. keep a notebook of notes while reading
8. What is the author’s purpose in this description, “ An instructional booklet describing how to operate a smartphone. ” A. to persuade C. to entertain B. to inform D. to justify
9. What literary technique was used in this sentence? “You glow in my life like the flames in a candle”

A. Simile B. Metaphor C. Personification D. Rhyme

Lesson Theme and Techniques in a Text Analyze theme and techniques used in a text (HUMSS_CNF11/12-Ia- 3 What I Need to Know What I Know

City of Good Character

The most important literary element is language. Language is defined as a system of communicating ideas and feelings through signs, sounds, gestures, and/or marks. Language is the way we share ideas with one another. Whether it is through speech, text or even performance. All literature is written in a recognizable language, since one of literature’s main goals is sharing ideas, concepts, and stories with a larger audience. Obviously, in order to read a book, you need to understand the language it is written in. Writers can combine languages to help readers better understand the theme, character, setting, techniques and even tone of the text. In our previous lesson, we discussed poetry, drama, and fiction. Will you please recall the lecture you have learned? Write down on the box a simple sentence that will differentiate each of them. In today’s lesson, you will learn about how to analyze the theme and techniques in a text. It can be very useful for you especially in college as you will assess articles in writing your thesis. You must be able to analyze carefully the theme and techniques used in a particular text.

POETRY

DRAMA

FICTION

What’s In What’s New

City of Good Character

Let us start the lesson on theme and techniques by answering the activity given below. Identifying the Theme Directions: Read each short story and identify the theme or message in the text. Remember that a good answer will focus on big world lessons. A. All Victor ever wanted to do with his life is to be a singer. He did not pay attention in school and he spent all his time at home watching music videos online and impersonating his idols. His mother tried to teach him the values of getting an education and having a backup plan, but Victor would respond the same way every time, “Mom I won’t need to know any of that boring old stuff when I am famous. You will see.” But there was one major problem with Victor’s plan, he was not any good at singing. Victor wanted to be a singer so badly, that he did not notice the pained look on the faces of those who endured his singing. Because he wanted to be a singer so badly, when honest people told him to find something else to do with his life, he accused them of being “jealous haters” and ignored their advice. After Victor dropped out of high school to focus on his music career, the years passed, and the door never opened.

1. What is the theme of this story? __________________________________

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2. What happens in the story that leads you to believe this?

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A. Carlo was stressed about his research paper. He had to write five pages about something that interested him, but he could not think of anything interesting. He decided that he would just play basketball. The next night Carlo sat down to work on his paper again, but he still could not think of anything that interested him, so listened to music and played video games instead. The next few days went much the same: he told himself that he was not interested in anything, and then he read comic books, watched movies, or read about classic cars. Carlo was worried now because the paper was due very soon, and he still did not even have a topic. He tried to think of something that he found interesting, but again he could not, so he just played his guitar and cooked a meal for his family. He loved to cook. At last the last due date was here and Carlo still did not

City of Good Character

even have a topic. By now he had accepted that he would fail. “If only I could have found an interesting topic,” he told himself.

1. What is the theme of this story? __________________________________

2. What happens in the story that leads you to believe this?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

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B. In his sophomore year in high school, Michael Jordan tried out for the varsity basketball team at Lanney High School in Wilmington, North Carolina. But at five feet eleven inches tall, the coach believed that Jordan was too short to play at that level, so Jordan was cut from the team. Jordan did not let this obstacle defeat him. In fact, it pushed him to work even harder. He trained vigorously and grew another four inches the following summer. When he finally made the varsity squad, Jordan averaged 25 points a game and went on to become one of the greatest basketball players in history.

1. What is the theme of this story? __________________________________
2. What happens in the story that leads you to believe this?

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The answers you made in the previous activity is an example of how to identify the theme of a text. Themes are a framework of stories – it is a literary device that should not be forgotten. They add meaning to the work, draw the reader in, and pull everything together as a whole. The theme in a story is its underlying message, or big idea. In other words, what critical belief about life is the author trying to convey in writing. Theme is defined as “main idea or an underlying meaning of a literary work, which may be stated directly or indirectly.” Identifying the theme of a story can be challenging. It requires the reader to identify a main idea in the story. Then extend the idea to the real world. How did you come up with the theme of story no.3? What is It

City of Good Character

____________________________________________________________________

What words from the text gave you the clue about the theme?

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Literary devices are techniques that writers use to express their ideas and enhance their writing. Literary devices highlight important concepts in a text, strengthen the narrative, and help readers connect to the characters and themes. Literary techniques are specific, deliberate constructions of language which an author uses to convey the meaning. An author’s use of a literary technique usually occurs with a single word or phrase, or a group of words and phrases, at one single point in a text. Technique provides deeper meaning for the reader and help the reader to use imagination to visualize situations. Common techniques relevant to style, or the language chosen to tell a story, include metaphors, similes, personification, hyperbole and alliteration. Analyzing themes and technique in a text is an essential part of reading. It not only allows the story to be understood more by the reader, but the reader can also relate the story to their own lives and other literature they have read. Can you recall what is a metaphor and simile? Write at least 2 examples.

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You have a nice memory! Personification is defined as a figure intended to represent an abstract quality in human form. Hyperbole, on the other hand, is exaggerated statements or claims not to be taken literally. While alliteration is the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning or closely related words. Activity 1: Author’s Purpose Directions: Read the descriptions of each item and determine the author’s purpose (to entertain, persuade or inform). Then, in a sentence or two, explain your answer.

1. An article where the author argues that an iPhone is better than an Android phone. Author’s Purpose: _____________________________________________________
2. A booklet containing the school rules and the consequences for violating those rules. Explain Your Answer: Write a sentence or two What’s More

City of Good Character

Author’s Purpose: _____________________________________________________

3. A story written about a young boy who moves to a new school and is bullied, but he gains self-confidence by joining a sports team and learns to stand up for himself. Author’s Purpose: ______________________________________________________
4. A politician’s speech about how homes should be provided to families who cannot afford them. Author’s Purpose: ______________________________________________________
5. A young girl’s note to her parents giving reasons why they should buy a puppy. Author’s Purpose: ______________________________________________________

Activity 2: CHARACTERIZATION

Directions: Read a short description of an event. Identify a character trait that is revealed by each action.

1. Jake is Jean’s older brother. One day they are walking home from school when a heavy rain pours. Jake had a jacket inside his bag. He takes off the jacket from his bag and offers it to her. Jake is now wet, but he is happier. What character trait does Jake demonstrate?

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   Give the words or phrases to prove your answer.

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   Explain Your Answer: Write a sentence or two Explain Your Answer: Write a sentence or two Explain Your Answer: Write a sentence or two 

Explain Your Answer: Write a sentence or two

City of Good Character

______________________________________________________

_________________

2. The teacher asked Monica what the answer was to the problem on the board. Monica wore a worried expression on her face for a moment and then put her head down on her desk. After the teacher moved on to someone else, Monica whispered to her friend that the answer was 26. Monica was right. What character trait does Monica demonstrate? ________________________ Give the words or phrases to prove your answer. ________________________

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3. Justine asked her neighbor if he could borrow an egg to complete a recipe she had already started. The next day, Justine returned an egg to her neighbor along with a thank you card expressing her sincere gratitude. What character trait does Justine demonstrate? ________________________ Give the words or phrases to prove your answer. ________________________

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4. The home team was down three points and it was the last play of the basketball season. The coach decided to go for the win. The ball went to star running back James David. James easily maneuvered around the defenders, juked, threw a stiff arm, and made it to the other side of the court. Right before crossing into the end zone, James did a little shuffle. He was so into nailing the footwork on his shuffle that he did not notice that the opposition had caught up to him. They hit him so hard that he fumbled the ball and the home team lost. What character trait does James demonstrate? ________________________ Give the words or phrases to prove your answer. _______________________

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5. Kevin has tried out for the basketball team for the last three years. Each year he has been cut from the team because other athletes outperformed him. Kevin has been practicing all summer, however, and he knows that this is his year. It has to be. He can feel it. What character trait does Kevin demonstrate? __________________________ Give words or phrases to prove your answer. ___________________________

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Activity 3: Figurative Language Check Up Directions: Match each type of figurative language with its definition. A. Alliteration B. Hyperbole C. Simile D. Metaphor E. Personification _______1. A humorous over- exaggeration. _______2. The repetition of the consonant sounds at the beginning of a series of words. _______3. A comparison using “like” or “as.” _______4. Ascribing human characteristics to something that is not human. _______5. Drawing comparison between two unlike things, not using “like” or “as.” Activity 4: Largest Shoe in the World is Found in Marikina

City of Good Character

Directions: Write four (4) different sentences to describe the picture below. Use the literary techniques given. Then, under each sentence that you write, indicate what kind of technique you used.

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2. ---

3. ---

4. ---

   Use the rubric as your guide in writing your answer Criteria Score Comments Sentence Structure 10 Spelling 5 Punctuation 5
5. Theme is defined as “main idea or an underlying meaning of a literary work, which may be stated directly or indirectly.”
6. Technique provides deeper meaning for the reader and helps the reader to use imagination to visualize situations.
7. Literary devices are techniques that writers use to express their ideas and enhance their writing. Literary devices highlight important concepts in a text, strengthen the narrative, and help readers connect to the characters and themes. Alliteration Hyperbole Simile Metaphor Personification

Technique used:

Technique used:

Technique used:

Technique used:

What I Have Learned What I Can Do

City of Good Character

Activity 4

Apply what you have learned about analyzing themes and techniques in a text. Choose three news articles whether printed or through online and identify the theme and techniques used by the writer. In presenting your output, you can either select one from the following:

1. Type your answer on a sheet of paper. Include the printed article and pictures of the article you have chosen, together with the name of the material, writer/author, and date issued. Ask opinions from your family members about their ideas on your answers before submitting it to your teacher.
2. Present your answer through a video presentation (orally/vlog) and share it on your fb account before submitting to your teacher. Use the rubric as your guide in doing the activity: Criteria Score Comments Theme and techniques given are correct 20 points Statements are free from errors such as grammar, spelling, punctuation and capitalization (written output) 10 points Video presentation is clear, ideas are well presented and uses appropriate languages (video output) 10 points Assessment

City of Good Character

Assessment Activity Directions : Exhibit the knowledge and skills you have learned from this lesson by answering the following questions.

1. What is the author’s purpose in this description? “A poem about the beauty of Marikina as seen from a resident of the city” A. to persuade B. to inform C. to entertain
2. What is the author’s purpose in this description? “A Wikipedia page with facts and records about Marikina City” A. to persuade B. to inform C. to entertain
3. Read the passage and look for clues that reveal the setting. Then, explain your answer. Remember the setting is the time and place that a story happens. “Mr. Lim walked up to the teller and handed her a paper slip. She punched a few figures into the computer and ran the slip through a machine. It printed some numbers at the back of the slip. She handed the slip back to him along with five P20.00 bill. Then she asked him, “Is there anything else that I can help you with today?” Mr. Lim grabbed the money from the woman, “Not today, thank you.” Where is this story taking place? ________________________________
4. Read the sentence. Determine whether it is a simile or metaphor. Choose your answer and explain which two things are being compared. “Children are the most beautiful flowers of all.” This is an example of … simile / metaphor
5. Which is not a literary technique or device? A. Theme B. Setting C. Creative writing D. Metaphor How do you know? What two things are being compared? Additional Activities

City of Good Character

Activity 6: From Key Word to Theme A good first step towards understanding the theme is to identify a key word or concept that a story deal with. For example, a story might be about courage, friendship, or bravery. But a theme cannot be expressed in a single word. The subject or keyword of a story might be friendship, but the theme is something about friendship that can be expressed in a complete sentence. Read the passages below. For each one, circle the key word (choices are given) that best describes what the passage is all about. Write a sentence that includes the key word, which expresses its theme.

1. Kim’s diet was terrible. All she ate was chips and sweets and jelly sandwiches on white bread. She was overweight and she was always tired. When her doctor told her that she felt bad because of what she was eating. Kim was amazed. She did not realize that she had so much power to make herself feel better. Kim stopped eating junked food and started eating fruits and vegetables. In a few weeks she felt like a new person. A. courage B. responsibility C. health Sentence: ___________________________________________________________
2. Wendy enjoyed spending time with her grandmother. Her mother told her stories about what the world was like when she was a little girl, a very long time ago. Wendy also liked her grandmother’s chocolate and caramel cake. There was only one problem. Wendy’s grandmother always made vegetable dishes for dinner. Wendy did not want to hurt her grandmother’s feelings. But she hated vegetable dishes, and she could not help hesitating before taking a bite. But she did take a bite, because she loved the way that her grandmother’s eyes lit up when she saw Wendy eating her home-cooked food. When Wendy’s grandmother smiled, suddenly the vegetable dish did not taste so bad.

A. respect B. love C. duplicity

Sentence: ___________________________________________________________

3. Andy was really looking forward to eating some cake. But when his mother sliced the cake, she made the pieces very small. “Why is my piece so small?” Andy asked, dismayed. “Because there are a lot of people here,” his mother told him. “We have to make sure that we have enough cake for everybody.” His mother continued to cut and served the cake and soon there was no more cake left. Disappointed that he would not be able to have seconds, Andy went off to sit and eat his tiny piece of cake. There was a small girl sitting at his table. She looked longingly at Andy’s cake. “I did not get any cake,” she said. “By the time I got up there, all the cake was gone.” “Here,” Andy said, handing the girl a fork. “I will share my cake with you.” The little girl’s face lit up, and suddenly Andy felt better.

A. hunger B. generosity C. disappointment

Sentence: __________________________________________________________

City of Good Character

Activity 7: Vlog Read articles from magazines, newspapers, social media posts, listen to radio, watch TV news or YouTube videos. Focus on the way they write and speak about the topic.

1. What are the common words you have read, watched and listened to?

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2. What can you say about those words they have used you for you to identify the writer’s purpose?

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City of Good Character

Books:

Noel Christian A. Moratilla, Ph.D. and John Iremil E. Teodoro, Creative

Nonfiction, a Textbook on Humanities and Social Sciences: Phoenix Publishing

House Inc.,2016, 4-5.

Websites:

❖ http://www.writingourselves.org/wp-content/uploads/WO-Learning-

Module-Creative-Nonfiction.pdf

❖ https://opinion.inquirer.net/85740/a-nurses-duty-service-and-

compassion-above-all-else

❖ https://www.pdesas.org/ContentWeb/Content/Content/4598/Lesson%20P

lan

❖ https://www.philstar.com/the-

freeman/opinion/2019/07/26/1938005/role-social-media-education

❖ https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=657&ei=7ivPXqGNO8GnoA

Sqs5lA&q=biography+of+bob+ong&oq=biography+of+bob+&gs_lcp=CgZwc3k

tYWIQARgAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgII

ADoECAAQRzoGCAAQDRAeOgYIABAWEB46BQgAEJECOgQIABADULaAA1i

gpANg77IDaAFwAXgAgAGAAYgByA-

SAQQxOS4zmAEAoAEBqgEHZ3dzLXdpeg&sclient=psy-ab

❖ https://blog.prepscholar.com/literary-elements-list-examples

❖ https://study.com/academy/lesson/interpreting-literary-meaning-how-to-

use-text-to-guide-your-interpretation.html

❖ https://www.easyteacherworksheets.com/pages/pdf/languagearts/figurativ

e/90.html

❖ https://www.englishworksheetsland.com/grade5/readingliterature/2/3key

word.pdf

References

City of Good Character

Development Team of the Module Writer: Noemi Escolano-Del Rosario (SEHS) Editors: Jose Datugan { MHS ) Remia Ricabar ( PSDS ) Internal Reviewer: Janet S. Cajuguiran (EPS-English) Illustrator: Marexcza Z. Salinas (PHS) Layout Artist: Richland C. Buere (SEHS) Management Team: Sheryll T. Gayola Assistant Schools Division Superintendent OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent Elisa O. Cerveza Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Janet S. Cajuguiran Education Program Supervisor-English Ivy Coney A. Gamatero EPS – LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682- 3989

Email Address: [email protected]