Hypothesis student nots, Cheat Sheet of Biology

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2025/2026

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8/18/25
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Hypotheses vs.
Theories vs.
Laws
Scientific Hypotheses
A hypoth esis is a
Demonstrates the _______________ between two variables
(__________________________) and ______________________
of this relationshi p
Writt en __________ exper imentation an d must be ________ and
_______________
May be shown to be ____________________________________
(we say it is ______________).
Components of a Strong Hypothesis
Independent Vari abl e:
Dependent Var iab le:
Tes t a bi l i t y:
Specificity:
Hypothesis Format
Format:
Example:
testableexplanation
for an observation
independentthe Icf predicts
theresults
measu speitic
REJE fbythe resultsof
Ipherment
Thefactor you change
The results
Year Relationship between variables
canbe provenfalse
Preciseand measurableterms
If (independent variable) aects (dependent"
variable), then (prediction).
If plants receive more sunlight, then they
will grow"
taller because light energy drives
photosynthesis""
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Hypotheses vs. Theories vs. Laws

Scientific Hypotheses

  • A hypothesis is a
  • Demonstrates the _______________ between two variables (__________________________) and ______________________ of this relationship
  • Written __________ experimentation and must be ________ and
  • May be shown to be ____________________________________ (we say it is ______________).

Components of a Strong Hypothesis

  • Independent Variable:
  • Dependent Variable:
  • Testability:
  • Specificity:

Hypothesis Format

  • Format:
  • Example:

testableexplanationfor^

an observation

independentthe Icf predictstheresults

measu

speitic

REJE f

bythe^ resultsof

Ipherment

Thefactor

youchange

The results

Year Relationship between^ variables

canbe proven false

Preciseand measurableterms

If (independent variable) affects (dependent

variable), then (prediction).

If plants receive more sunlight, then they

will grow

taller because light energy drives

photosynthesis"

Scientific Theories

  • In science, theories = ____________________________________ that have been _______________________ and _____________ many times and ________________________________________
  • Explains the “_____” of ________________________________
  • Ex:

Scientific Theories

  • Accepted by scientific community as ________
  • Are _________________, they serve as a ___________ of understanding the world and _________________________ as the world view changes
  • New __________________ can be _________________________

Scientific Laws

  • ____________________________ that is __________________ understood and usually has a _____________________________
  • Describes the “_______” of an observation – ___ “how” or “why”
  • Generally accepted to be ________________________________
  • Basis for ______________________________
  • Ex:

Fact vs. Theory vs. Hypothesis vs. Law…

EXPLAINED!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lqk3TKuGNBA broaderstatements ormodels^ fact extensivelytested confirmed summarizes a^ group of^ not^ absolute^ model hypotheses can^ be^ changed WHY naturalphenomena Theory of^ Evolution^ hypotheses generatedfrom^ it Cell Theory statement ofatmatnemaf.IM (^) mIia

WHAT not

true (^) and universal scientificinquiry Newton’s Law of Gravity, Law of Conservation of Mass