Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
A lesson plan for teaching students about the ocean floor, its features, and the geological processes that shape it. Students will engage in activities to learn about divergent and convergent plate boundaries, seafloor spreading, and the role of volcanoes and earthquakes. They will also create a 3-D model of the ocean continental rise.
Typology: Slides
1 / 58
II. World Map - Label the Ocean basins A. Review the I can statements once again, distribute the Student Worksheet World Map , and have students label the ocean basins. Walk around the classroom and check for understanding and accuracy. B. After students have labeled their world map with the ocean names, engage students in discussion with the following questions:
III. Coordinate Mapping Longitude and Latitude Note: This activity should not be the first introduction to Longitude and Latitude. The background for this activity is in another content area. A. Show the PowerPoint, Where is Hawai ‘ i? , and using the notes on each slide to teach the lesson. Tell students to take notes in their journals. Have ready copies of the map of your county taken from the power point for each student. Don’t hand out until called for in the PowerPoint. B. Explain the connection between the word long , as it relates to longitude lines running vertical north and south (One trick for remembering: Think of the “O” as a globe, where the “l” wraps around the O, pole to pole), and contrast this with latitude lines, which run horizontally, east and west, parallel to the equator. Latitude is degrees above (N) or below (S) the Equator; longitude is distance east or west of the prime meridian. Both are measured in terms of the 360 degrees (symbolized by °) of a circle. Imaginary lines of latitude and longitude intersect each other, forming a grid that covers the Earth and helps us locate points on it. C. The latitude and longitude of a point are called its coordinates. If you know the coordinates, you can use a map to locate any point on Earth. (Adapted from National Geographic’s Exploring Your World: The Adventure of Geography) D. Have students identify the places listed on the State of Hawai‘iCounty Locations for their county or island. You may also choose other coordinates for students to identify. You may also delete or include more information on the student worksheets depending on time available for the exercise.
Extended Activity: As an extra activity, students could go on Google Maps and type in a set of locations on their table to get a up close look of that exact location. For example Honolulu N21° 18.733’ W157° 50.747’ will pull up the middle of Punchbowl on the Google map. Using other numbers they could find the exact location of their school or home.
The five ocean basins from largest to smallest are: the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic.
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean in the world. It covers 63,800,000 square miles (165,200,000 square km), a third of the Earth’s surface. The Pacific Ocean is bigger than all of the Earth’s continents combined. The Pacific was named by Ferdinand Magellan, the Portuguese explorer who found the Pacific very peaceful ( pacifique , in French) for most of his journey from the Straits of Magellan to the Philippines. In contrast to its name, the islands of the peaceful ocean are often slammed by devastating typhoons and hurricanes. The countries that border the Pacific, or the Pacific Rim, often experience volcano eruptions and Earthquakes.
The Pacific Ocean is also home to the lowest point on Earth and deepest part of the Ocean known as the Mariana Trench, an area that is 35,800 feet (10,911 meters) below sea level. There are 25,000 Pacific islands in the Pacific Ocean — more than in any other ocean.
The Indian Ocean is the third largest in the world, makes up approximately 20 percent of the Earth’s water surface, and covers approximately 28,356,000 square miles (73,441,700 square kilometers). The deepest spot, south of Java, is 25,344 feet (7,725 meters). Some other geographical features of the ocean include small islands around the continental rims such as Madagascar (the world’s fourth largest island), Comoros, Seychelles, Maldives, Mauritius, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia. Underneath the surface of the Indian Ocean lies the convergence of the African, Indian, and Antarctic plates. The Y-shaped branches of the Mid- Oceanic Ridge mark this convergence.
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest ocean. Its name is derived from the Sea of Atlas in Greek mythology. This ocean covers approximately one-fifth of the entire global ocean. The Atlantic Ocean covers approximately 31, 530, square miles (81, 662, 000 square kilometers). Its average depth is approximately 14,000 feet (4,270 meters). The deepest part of the Atlantic Ocean is the Puerto Rico Trench, which is 28, 374 feet deep (8,648 meters). Below the surface, the ocean floor has an S-shape basin that extends north to south. A giant submarine mountain range, called the Mid- Atlantic Ridge, extends from Iceland in the north to approximately 58° south latitude. A rift valley, or valley formed by faults, extends along most of the length of the Mid-Atlantic ridge. This ridge is less than 8,858 feet (2, meters) deep in many places, with mountain peaks that rise up to form islands above water. Some of these islands include: Greenland, Iceland, Great Britain, Ireland, the Azores, the Madeira Islands, the Canaries, Cape Verde Islands, Newfoundland, Bermuda, West Indies, Ascension, St. Helena, Falkland Islands, and South Georgia Island. The coasts of the Atlantic are marked with numerous bays, gulfs, and seas, including the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, North Sea, Baltic Sea, and the Norwegian-Greenland Sea.
The Southern Ocean (Antarctic) is the world’s fourth-largest body of water. It encircles Antarctica and is actually divided among the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. Most people of North America and Continental Europe have no name for the area, and regard the area as parts of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans simply extending to Antarctica. However, because mariners have long referred to this area as the Southern Ocean, the International Hydrographic Organization accepted it as an ocean in 2000. This ocean is predominantly deep water, averaging 13,000-16,500 feet (4,000–5,000 meters) deep, and includes the Antarctic continental shelf, an unusually deep and narrow shelf surrounding the Antarctic continent with a steep edge 1,300- 2,625 feet (400–800 meters) deep, which is more than 885-2,200 feet (270–670 meters) deeper than average continental shelves. The South Sandwich Trench is the lowest part of the southern ocean at 24,000 feet.
The Arctic Ocean lies at the top of the world and covers approximately 3,662,000 square miles (9,485, square kilometers). Its greatest depth is 17,880 feet (5,450 meters). The topography of the Arctic Ocean bottom varies. It consists of fault-block ridges, abyssal plains, and the ocean basin has an average depth of 3,406 feet (1,038 meters) due to the continental shelf on the Eurasian side. Ice covers most of the Arctic
Ocean year round. If the ice melts, salinity and subfreezing temperatures vary.
Directions: Read the description of each ocean and then label the name of the ocean basins on the World Map.
Arctic Ocean - an ocean around the North Pole, bordering northern Europe, Asia, and North America. It is the smallest ocean.
Atlantic Ocean - an ocean bordering western Europe, western Africa, Antarctica, and eastern North and South America.
Indian Ocean - an ocean bordering eastern Africa, southern Asia, western Australia, and Antarctica.
Pacifi c Ocean - an ocean bordering eastern Asia, northeastern Australia, Antarctica, and western North and South America. It is the biggest ocean.
Southern Ocean - the ocean bordering Antarctica and extending from 60 degrees south latitude.
9
G 4 U 8 L 1
Lesson 1
World Map
State of Hawai‘i, County of Kaua‘i
Directions: Using the map on the following page fill in the location name using the coordinates provided.
Location Latitude Longitude
Pu‘uwai N21° 53’ 54” W160° 11’ 32”
N22° 02’ 03” W159° 46’ 12”
N21° 58’ 06” W159° 42’ 43”
N21° 56’ 19” W159° 38’ 56”
N21° 55’ 35” W159° 31’ 36”
N21° 54’ 14” W159° 27’ 59”
Līhu‘e N21° 58’ 40” W159° 22’ 04”
N22° 04’ 29” W159° 19’ 04”
Anahola N22° 08’ 33” W159° 18’ 47”
N22° 12’ 35” W159° 24’ 32”
N22° 12’ 08” W159° 29’ 59”
N22° 10’ 28” W159° 39’ 20”
State of Hawai‘i, County of Kaua‘i
Directions: Using the map on the following page fill in the location name using the coordinates provided.
Location Latitude Longitude
Pu‘uwai N21° 53’ 54” W160° 11’ 32”
Mana N22° 02’ 03” W159° 46’ 12”
Kekaha N21° 58’ 06” W159° 42’ 43”
Makaweli Landing N21° 56’ 19” W159° 38’ 56”
Kalāheo N21° 55’ 35” W159° 31’ 36”
Kōloa N21° 54’ 14” W159° 27’ 59”
Līhu‘e N21° 58’ 40” W159° 22’ 04”
Kapa‘a N22° 04’ 29” W159° 19’ 04”
Anahola N22° 08’ 33” W159° 18’ 47”
Kīlauea N22° 12’ 35” W159° 24’ 32”
Hanalei N22° 12’ 08” W159° 29’ 59”
Kalalau N22° 10’ 28” W159° 39’ 20”
G 4 U 8 L 1
G 4 U 8 L 1
State of Hawai‘i, County of O‘ahu
Directions: Using the map on the following page fill in the location name using the coordinates provided.
Location Latitude Longitude
Honolulu N21° 18’ 05” W157° 51’ 01”
N21° 24’ 54” W157° 48’ 04”
N21° 20’ 48” W157° 43’ 07”
Kailua N21° 23’ 56” W157° 44’ 11”
N21° 29’ 00” W158° 04’ 13”
N21° 36’ 26” W157° 54’ 28”
N21° 40’ 38” W157° 56’ 53”
N21° 22’ 45” W157° 55’ 53”
Maunalua Bay N 21° 16’ 19” W157° 40’ 50”
N21° 23’ 40” W157° 58’ 16”
N21° 34’ 29” W158° 16’ 49”
N21° 26’ 28” W158° 11’ 12”
State of Hawai‘i, County of O‘ahu
Directions: Using the map on the following page fill in the location name using the coordinates provided.
Location Latitude Longitude
Honolulu N21° 18’ 05” W157° 51’ 01”
Kāne‘ohe N21° 24’ 54” W157° 48’ 04”
Waimānalo N21° 20’ 48” W157° 43’ 07”
Kailua N21° 23’ 56” W157° 44’ 11”
Wahiawā N21° 29’ 00” W158° 04’ 13”
Hau‘ula N21° 36’ 26” W157° 54’ 28”
Kahuku N21° 40’ 38” W157° 56’ 53”
‘Aiea N21° 22’ 45” W157° 55’ 53”
Maunalua Bay N 21° 16’ 19” W157° 40’ 50”
PearlCity N21° 23’ 40” W157° 58’ 16”
Ka‘ena Point N21° 34’ 29” W158° 16’ 49”
Wai‘anae N21° 26’ 28” W158° 11’ 12”
G 4 U 8 L 1
State of Hawai‘i, County of Maui
Directions: Using the map on the following page fill in the location name using the coordinates provided.
Location Latitude Longitude
Kalaupapa N21° 11’ 23” W156° 59’ 00”
N21° 05’ 22” W157° 01’ 13”
N21° 04’ 24” W156° 47’ 33”
N21° 09’ 26” W156° 44’ 22”
N20° 49’ 37” W156° 55’ 14”
N20° 47’ 08” W156° 59’ 08”
N21° 00’ 01” W156° 39’ 20”
N20° 52’ 29” W156° 40’ 45”
N20° 48’ 42” W156° 37’ 20”
N20° 55’ 50” W156° 31’ 41”
Wailuku N20° 53’ 16” W156° 30’ 06”
N20° 55’ 13” W156° 18’ 31”
N20° 52’ 01” W156° 18’ 22”
N20° 46’ 36” W156° 19’ 33”
N20° 42’ 20” W156° 21’ 21”
N20° 39’ 14” W156° 26’ 33”
N20° 35’ 57” W156° 25’ 14”
N20° 45’ 20” W155° 59’ 13”
N20° 42’ 09” W155° 59’ 57”
Kīpahulu N20° 39’ 11” W156° 03’ 20”
State of Hawai‘i, County of Maui
Directions: Using the map on the following page fill in the location name using the coordinates provided.
Location Latitude Longitude
Kalaupapa N21° 11’ 23” W156° 59’ 00”
Kaunakakai N21° 05’ 22” W157° 01’ 13”
Puko‘o N21° 04’ 24” W156° 47’ 33”
Hālawa N21° 09’ 26” W156° 44’ 22”
Lāna‘i City N20° 49’ 37” W156° 55’ 14”
Kaumalapau N20° 47’ 08” W156° 59’ 08”
Honokōhau N21° 00’ 01” W156° 39’ 20”
Lahaina N20° 52’ 29” W156° 40’ 45”
Olowalu N20° 48’ 42” W156° 37’ 20”
Waihe‘e N20° 55’ 50” W156° 31’ 41”
Wailuku N20° 53’ 16” W156° 30’ 06”
Pa‘uwela N20° 55’ 13” W156° 18’ 31”
Kokomo N20° 52’ 01”^ W156° 18’ 22”
Pūlehu N20° 46’ 36”^ W156° 19’ 33”
Kēōkea N20° 42’ 20”^ W156° 21’ 21”
Mākena N20° 39’ 14”^ W156° 26’ 33”
Keone‘ō‘io N20° 35’ 57”^ W156° 25’ 14”
Hāna N20° 45’ 20”^ W155° 59’ 13”
Pu‘uiki N20° 42’ 09”^ W155° 59’ 57”
Kīpahulu N20° 39’ 11”^ W156° 03’ 20”
G 4 U 8 L 1
Lesson 1
Maui County Map
State of Hawai‘i, North Half of County of Hawai‘i
Directions: Using the map on the following page fill in the location name using the coordinates provided.
Location Latitude Longitude
Māhukona N20° 11’ 05” W155° 54’ 01”
N19° 51’ 21” W155° 55’ 18”
N19° 38’ 21” W155° 59’ 35”
N19° 25’ 05” W155° 52’ 48”
N19° 29’ 46” W154° 56’ 56”
Mountain View N19° 33’ 09” W155° 06’ 20”
N19° 43’ 33” W155° 05’ 22”
N19° 52’ 16” W155° 07’ 02”
N19° 58’ 31” W155° 13’ 07”
N20° 04’ 46” W155° 28’ 11”
N19° 59’ 49” W155° 33’ 26”
State of Hawai‘i, North Half of County of Hawai‘i
Directions: Using the map on the following page fill in the location name using the coordinates provided.
Location Latitude Longitude
Māhukona N20° 11’ 05” W155° 54’ 01”
Kīholo N19° 51’ 21” W155° 55’ 18”
Kailua N19° 38’ 21” W155° 59’ 35”
Kēōkea N19° 25’ 05” W155° 52’ 48”
Pāhoa N19° 29’ 46” W154° 56’ 56”
Mountain View N19° 33’ 09” W155° 06’ 20”
Hilo N19° 43’ 33” W155° 05’ 22”
Honomū N19° 52’ 16” W155° 07’ 02”
Pāpa‘aloa N19° 58’ 31” W155° 13’ 07”
Honoka‘a N20° 04’ 46” W155° 28’ 11”
Mānā N19° 59’ 49” W155° 33’ 26”
G 4 U 8 L 1
Lesson 1
State of Hawai‘i, South Half of County of Hawai‘i
Directions: Using the map on the following page fill in the location name using the coordinates provided.
Location Latitude Longitude
Kailua N19° 38’ 21” W155° 59’ 34”
N19° 12’ 27” W155° 51’ 50”
N18° 58’ 16” W155° 36’ 40”
N19° 20’ 16” W155° 00’ 39”
Glennwood N19° 29’ 14” W155° 09’ 04”
N19° 33’ 09” W155° 06’ 19”
N19° 29’ 46” W154° 56’ 56”
N19° 43’ 33” W155° 05’ 21”
N19° 47’ 27” W156° 01’ 38”
State of Hawai‘i, South Half of County of Hawai‘i
Directions: Using the map on the following page fill in the location name using the coordinates provided.
Location Latitude Longitude
Kailua N19° 38’ 21” W155° 59’ 34”
Pāpā N19° 12’ 27” W155° 51’ 50”
Ka‘alu‘alu N18° 58’ 16” W155° 36’ 40”
Kupa‘ahu N19° 20’ 16” W155° 00’ 39”
Glennwood N19° 29’ 14” W155° 09’ 04”
Mountain Vew N19° 33’ 09” W155° 06’ 19”
Pāhoa N19° 29’ 46” W154° 56’ 56”
Hilo N19° 43’ 33” W155° 05’ 21”
Mahai‘ula N19° 47’ 27” W156° 01’ 38”
G 4 U 8 L 1
Lesson at a Glance Students pose questions about the ocean floor and make a prediction about what they think the ocean floor might look like and the kinds of Earth materials that make up the ocean floor. They learn about the continental slope, continental rise, abyssal plain, mid ocean ridge, trench and much more.
Lesson Duration Two 45-minute periods
Essential Question(s) What would the world look like if all the water were drained out?
Key Concepts
Instructional Objectives
Related HCPSIII Benchmark(s):
Social Studies: SS 4.7.2 Collect, organize, and analyze data to interpret and construct geographic representations.
Science: SC 4.1.1 Describe a testable hypothesis and an experimental procedure.
Assessment Tools
Benchmark Rubric:
Assessment/Evidence Pieces
- Student Worksheet: Into the Deep
Materials Needed
Teacher Class Group Student Method to project PowerPoint
Topic World In Spatial Terms Benchmark SS.4.7.2 Collect, organize, and analyze data to interpret and construct geographic representations Rubric Advanced Proficient Partially Proficient Novice Collect, organize, and analyze data to interpret and construct geographic representations, with accuracy
Collect, organize, and analyze data to interpret and construct geographic representations, with no significant errors
Collect, organize, and analyze data to interpret and construct geographic representations, with a few significant errors
Collect, organize, and analyze data to interpret and construct geographic representations, with many significant errors
Topic Scientific Inquiry Benchmark SC.4.1.1 Describe a testable hypothesis and an experimental procedure Rubric Advanced Proficient Partially Proficient Novice Create a testable hypothesis and an experimental procedure to test it
Describe a testable hypothesis and an experimental procedure
Identify, with assistance, a testable hypothesis and an experimental procedure
Recognize, with assistance, a testable hypothesis or an experimental procedure
Instructional Resources Teacher Reading: Into the Deep Student Worksheet: Into the Deep Student Worksheet: Features of the Ocean Floor PowerPoint: Ocean’s Draining PowerPoint: Map Game Supplemental Resource: Ocean Geography Interactive Game
Student Vocabulary Words
abyss : the bottom of the deep ocean below the continental shelf, usually deeper than 13,000 feet (4,000 meters). abyssal plain : very deep, flat ocean floor covered with a thin layer of sediment. bathymetry : depth measurement to determine the contours of the ocean floor. bathymetric map : maps that show depths below sea level (also called charts). canyon : a deep narrow gorge with steep sides. An underwater canyon is called a submarine canyon. continental rise : the gently inclined region of ocean floor between the base of the continental slope and the abyssal plain. continental slope : the steep incline between the continental shelf and the abyssal zone. contour line : a line on a map representing an imaginary line on land or bottom of the sea that has the same elevation or depth along its entire length. contour interval : the difference in elevation or depth between contour lines. gorge : a deep narrow valley with cliff walls. mid-ocean ridge : a chain of undersea mountains in every ocean that circles the Earth like the seam of a baseball for nearly 37,000 miles (59,545 kilometers). ridge : a long narrow rise in the seafloor with steep sides and a bumpy shape. seamount: a volcanic peak or mountain that is underwater. sediment: debris deposited on the ocean floor. submarine canyon: a deep, underwater valley sliced into the continental margin. trench : narrow deep cuts in the ocean floor. topographic map : a map that shows physical features of elevation above sea level.
Lesson Plan
Lesson Preparation
- Make copies of the Student Worksheet Into the Deep and Features of the Ocean Floor , one per student. - Preview PowerPoint Ocean’s Draining and Map Game , make arrangements to project them. - Preview an interview with John Wiltshire of NOAA's Hawai‘i Undersea Research Laboratory (HURL) regarding another technology used to explore undersea environments at http://www.Earthsky.org/ interviewpost/water/john-wiltshires-undersea-laboratory-explores-expanding-Hawai‘i - Preview the interactive piece Ocean Geography and Geology to be completed at the end of Step III.
I. Teaching the Lesson A. Begin the lesson by telling the students that they are going to take an imaginary dive into the deep, dark depths of the ocean.
B. Show PowerPoint Ocean’s Draining. Now that students have had a chance to see what the Earth looks like with no ocean water pass out the Student Worksheet, Features of the Ocean Floor. Have students spend a few moments to review the picture. Go over the vocabulary on page 2 of the worksheet with them.
II. Map Game A. Show the first several slides of PowerPoint Map Game. This will help introduce the vocabulary topographic map and bathymetric map , and show an example of each.
B. The PowerPoint will be part of the game, instructions and quiz questions are provided within. Divide the class into 4-6 teams, depending on the number of small whiteboards available to the class. Distribute to each team: one white board, one dry erase marker, an eraser. Students may use paper if whiteboards are not available.
III. The Ocean Floor A. Have students revisit their hypothetical drawing they did at the beginning of this activity by completing the second page of the Student Worksheet: Into the Deep. Using the Features of the Ocean Floor and the other maps, have students compare to their drawings. Have students do a new revised drawing based on what they have learned. Use the following guiding questions to stimulate discussion or have students do a writing exercise about what they have learned:
B. In order to reinforce the student learning have the class work in pairs on the computer using the Ocean Geography and Geology Interactive Game.