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IICRC - APPLIED STRUCTURAL DRYING
Air Filtration Device (ADF) - Commonly called an air scrubber or negative air machine if airborne particles need to be reduced, you could use an appropriately installed _______ ________ ________ Air Filtration Device - AFD Assembly Construction - Prior to determining the best drying system for affected materials, restorers should identify and understand the assembly construction (ie wall assembly, floor assembly) Category 1 - water originates from a sanitary source and does not pose substantial risk for dermal, ingestion, inhalation, or exposure. Uncontaminated and routinely cleaned Category 2 - water contains significant contamination and has the potential to cause discomfort or sickness if contacted or consumed by humans Category 3 - water is grossly contaminated and can contain pathogenic, toxigenic, or other harmful agents Sewage Back Up - Category 3 Clean water supply line - Category 1 Class 1 - Least amount of water absorption and evaporation load - Wet porous materials - water loss is less then 5% of the area Class 2 - Significant amount of water absorption and evaporation load - water intrusion where wet represents 5% - 40% of the area. Class 3 - greatest amount of water absorption and evaporation load. Water intrusion where wet represents over 40% of the area
Class 4 - deeply held or bound water. Significant amount of water absorption into low evaporation materials. Drying may require special drying methods, longer drying time, or substantial water vapor pressure differentials. Closed drying system - Uses mechanical dehumidification and is not open to outside air. Used if there are security issues, the outside air is not conductive to drying or when access to outside air is not possible. Conventual refrigerant dehumidifier - Removes water vapor from the air by lowering the temperature of the incoming air to below dew point and causing the water to condense on the coils. Cold and hot surfaces created with gases inside a closed coil system. Combination Drying System - uses some outdoor air with dehumidifiers to accelerate the drying process. This can include periodically venting (flushing) the structure, using negative pressure or using small openings to the outside Desiccant dehumidifier - Removes water vapor from the air through absorption. Usually requires more amperage as compared to refrigerant dehumidifier. Desiccants create the lowest vapor pressure which work best on low porosity materials. When a desiccant dehu is drawing outside air and ducting processed air inside a building it can create positive pressure in the building. To improve desiccant dehu performance, it may be beneficial to pre-cool the desiccants air intake Infiltration - High humidity outside air could affect the drying climate adversely due to ______________
- Tightness of the building envelope
- Prevailing weather
- HVAC
- Class of Water
- Building Construction
- Build out density - Favors that affect the detailed dehumidifier calculation is: Detailed Dehumidification Calculation - See Chart:
Number of Dehu Calculation - Total PPD (pints per day) removal recommendation / dehumidifier AHAM rating = _____ of ______ Calculation Cubic Feet Per Minute Calculation - Cubic Footage x Chart Factor (ACH) / 60 minutes = Total ______ ______ _____ _______ calculation Total Number of Desiccant Dehumidifier Calculation - Total CFM / Desiccant CFM Rating = Total ________of _________ ____________ Calculation Drying goals may be at or above the dry standard should be documented as they relate to specific materials. The restorer should establish drying goals that would be expected to - Return structure, systems or contents to an acceptable condition and inhibit microbial growth. Along with the above considerations where applicable, it is recommended the drying goal be within 10% of the dry standards. Establishing Drying Goals - ___________ _____________ ______________ normally starts by measuring similar materials in an unaffected area of the building. These unaffected material readings are called a dry standard. A. 45°F - best answer is always the lowest option - If drying a crawlspace and the surface temperature of the wood framing is 80°F what is the dew point temperature of the crawlspace air that would provide the greatest potential for evaporations A. 45°F B. 65°F C. 85°F D. 105°F Dew Point - A method to determine the effectiveness of the drying conditions is to measure the difference between the surface temperature of the materials and the ____________ ____________ of the air Temperature - To decrease drying time of wet materials, restorers can increase the __________ of moisture in the materials. This accelerates the water molecules to make them move to the air.
Tuesday - The day with the greatest vapor pressure differential between air and material was Monday - Surface Vapor Pressure: .90 Air Vapor Pressure: .73 = Monday Vapor Pressure Differential:. Tuesday- Surface Vapor Pressure: 1.51 Air Vapor Pressure: .55 = Tuesday Vapor Pressure Differential:. Wednesday- Surface Vapor Pressure: 1.04 Air Vapor Pressure: .31 = Wednesday Vapor Pressure Differential:. Coldest Dew Point - In the driest environments, we'll find _______? High Temperatures - The IICRC S500 Water Damage Restoration Standard mentions the following concerns: ______________ ___________ may have weakending or destructive effects on the structural integrity or physical makeup of building materials and contents. Restores should be aware of any instructions or safety recommendations from manufactures of heating devices to protect occupant safety and avoid fire hazards Desiccant Dehumidifiers - Use chemicals that readily absorb moisture. These machines operate with temperatures ranging from -10°F - 140°F and can remove moisture from air where the humidity ratio is as low as 5 gpp This one dehumidifier can work below 32°F Colder and Dryer - The ____________ & _________ the intake air is the more efficiently a desiccant operates Positive Pressure - When a desiccant dehumidifier is drawing outside air and ducting processed air inside a building it can create ____________ ___________ in the building. Convection Conduction Radiation - Heat flows from areas of warm temperatures to areas of cool temperature in the absence of other factors. The greater the temperature difference between warmer and cooler areas (temperature gradient) the faster the heat flows. Buildings lose or gain heat in three ways 1 ________
capillary action - ___________ ______________ is the movement of a liquid through the pores of a material. moisture diffusion - __________ ___________ is the movement of water vapor molecules through the material. Driven by moisture gradients as well as vapor pressure differential from inside the material to one or both outer surfaces of the material. Air Vapor Pressure - To increase evaporation from permeable material you should increase material water vapor pressure and lower _____________ ______________ ________________ Increases - When the temperature of material is increased the vapor pressure of the liquid in the material __________ To Decrease Drying time of wet materials - Restorers can increase the temperature of moisture in materials 7 - If using LGRs, the water category is 3 and the cubic feet of the area is 280. What is the minimum initial dehumidifier AHAM rated performance pint capacity recommendation. (using the IICRC Initial Dehumidification Recommendation Calculation Sheet)
- Hallway : 70oz nylon, direct glue installation - Which wet carpet floor covering would be the easiest to extract (Cat 1 | Class 1)
- Dining Room: 50oz loop-pile nylon with #8 bonded urethane cushion
- Living Room: 32oz cut-pile polypropylene with #6 bonded urethane cushion
- Hallway : 70oz nylon, direct glue installation 99.97% 0.3 - HEPA Filters are rated to remove ________% of particles down to ______ micron HEPA Filters are rated to remove - 99.97% of particles down to 0.3 micron
Regulations - Identifying suspected hazards is a critical step in the inspection process. It is also required by safety and health ____________ Ground Conductor - When using extension cords, you should ensure they contain a ____________
Air Filtration Devise - If airborne particles need to be reduced, you could use an appropriately installed
Licensed Asbestos Abatement Contractor - If asbestos is found or suspected in building materials, removal shall be removed by a __________ _____________ ____________ ______________ LAAC - Licensed Asbestos Abatement Contractor qualified specialized expert - Is water is suspected to contain a hazardous material the termination shall be made by a Maintain - __________Surface temperatures of the materials you are drying Cooler Air - _________ __________ Cannot hold water condensation. Should - This is industry standards best practice. IEP - Indoor Environmental Professional Indoor Environmental Professional - The IICRC (2003) states that "The role of an IEP is to perform an assessment of the fungal ecology of property, systems and contents at the job site, create a sampling strategy, sample the indoor environment, interpret laboratory data and determine Condition 1, 2 and 3 status for the purpose of establishing a scope of work (pre-remediation assessment) and/or when necessary to verify the return to normal fungal ecology. PPE - personal protective equipment
EPA - Environmental Protection Agency An independent federal agency established to coordinate programs aimed at reducing pollution and protecting the environment Psychrometric - study of the relationship between air, humidity and temperature and their effect on various materials and comfort levels Psychrometric chart - chart consisting of lines and curves that shows the relationship between air volume, temperature and relative humidity, and from which a variety of other information (humidity ratio-gpp, dew point, vapor pressure, etc.) relating to drying may be determined Balanced drying - ideal drying situation in which the rate of evaporation is equal to or slightly less than the rate of dehumidification or ventilation. Infiltration - migration of air into and area from outside area due to high VP differential Permeance - a measure of water flow through material(s) of specific thickness. Humidity, airflow and temperature (HAT) - work together and when managed, enable achieving target time for drying influences movement toward equilibrium - wet seeks dry; hot seeks cold; high vapor pressure seeks low vapor pressure 20% 16% - _____% rotting fungi growth IN wood _____% - non-rotting fungi growth ON wood 7.48 - Gallons per cubic foot of water depth 80% - _____% - available power to use per NEC per amperage in circuit
20 - Residential v. commercial - generally, residential ______amp / commercial ______ amp (consider never using over 80% of available amperage) Moisture Sensor - Senses moisture in materials over 17% MC; helps determine perimeter of water damage; unable to determine which layer is wet or when dry Thermo-hygrometer - determines temperature / RH in all required atmospheric areas of inspection; helps determine open or closed drying system; further determines dehumidifier recommendations after initial placement Moisture meters - invasive and non-invasive; determines moisture content; establish, monitor and determine when dry standards are met delamination - separation of primary from secondary backing; laminate strength loss up to 85% when wet (causes - over-aggressive extraction; "flapping" vs. floating; improper cushion; urine; folding; improper carpet stretch) balanced drying - Dehumidification rate EXCEEDS evaporation rate shall - when the term ________ is used in this document, it means that the practice or procedure is mandatory due to natural law or regulatory requirement, including occupational, public health and other relevant laws, rules or regulations, and is therefore a component of the accepted "standard of care" to be followed. should - when the term _______________ is used in this document, they mean that the practice or procedure is a component of the accepted "standard of care" to be followed, while not mandatory by regulatory requirements. recommend(ed) - when the term ____________ is used in this document, it means that the practice or procedure is advised or suggested, but is not a component of the accepted "standard of care" to be followed.
Moisture Level - The measurement of the amount of moisture contained in a material on the relative scale. Moisture Movement - The primary mechanisms through which moisture moves through hygroscopic materials are capillary action and diffusion Regulated Materials - If presumed asbestos containing materials or lead in materials are discovered, you should stop activities that can potentially disturb the hazardous materials. If asbestos is found or suspected, removal shall be performed by a Licensed Asbestos abatement contractor Relative Humidity (RH) - the amount of water vapor present in air expressed as a percentage of the amount needed for saturation at the same temperature. Thermodynamics - the science of how energy changes. Examples : Wet goes to dry, hot goes to cold, high pressure goes to low pressure 2 LGR dehumidifiers - You are working on a class 2 water loss that has two affected areas. Area 1 is 3750CF and Area 2 is 2700CF You plan to dry both areas together using an LGR Dehu rated at 80 ppd at AHAM. How many of these dehus do you need to install on this project. C. Always round up - doesn't matter the decimal amount - When you are calculating equipment do you A. Use the exact number B. Always Round down C. Always round up - doesn't matter the decimal amount 2 desiccants - You are working on a class 3 water loss that has an affected area of 15120 CF. You plan to dry the area with a desiccant dehu AHAM rated at 385 CFM. How many of these dehumidifiers do you need to install on this project 45360 CFH - You are working on a class 3 water loss that has an affected area of 15120 CF. You plan to dry the area with a desiccant dehu. What is the CFH?
756 CFM - You are working on a class 3 water loss that has an affected area of 15120 CF. You plan to dry the area with a desiccant dehu. What is the CFM? 6-7 air movers - A room is 186 sqft (8' ceilings) with one offset larger than 18" (included in the sq ft calculation). The entire floor area is wet and walls show only minor wicking except for Wall A and B - totaling 90 sqft The ceiling is not affected. What is the range of air movers you would need for this using the IICRC calculation guide 3 AFDs - Structure dimensions are 45' x 50' x 10'. Calculate using 4ACH. The AFDs you have are rated at 500 CFM. How many AFDs would you need for this project? Calculation: Cubic Feet (CF) x ACH / 60 = CFM CFM/Rated CFM= # of AFD 1 AFD - Structure dimensions are 30' x40' x8' According to the IICRC the desired air change rate per hour (ACR) is 4. The AFDs you have are rated at 700 CFM. How many AFDs will you need. Calculation: Cubic Feet (CF) x ACH / 60 = CFM CFM/Rated CFM= # of AFD 9 - 11 air movers - Room is 22' x14' x12' with a 6'6" x 2'6" off set The total floor square footage is 324.25 sq ft The entire floor area is wet and walls show only minor wicking except 1 wall - sq ft area of affected wall minus 2 ft at bottom is 165sqft. The ceiling is not affected Loss Category 3 - Sally experienced a water damage in her home that has affected the crawlspace. The cause of loss is a broken sanitary sewer line.
