Download (Im)migration & Assimilation | ANTH 23 - Debating Multiculturalism and more Quizzes Introduction to Cultural Anthropology in PDF only on Docsity!
4 Waves of
Immigration
1600s-mid1800s -- Northwestern Europeans Late 1800s-early 1900s -- Southern & Eastern Europeans 1920s-1950s -- African Americans, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans; migration w/in U.S. (South to North) 1960s-present -- Latin Americans, Asians TERM 2
Immigrant Experience
DEFINITION 2 Immigrant work as low-skilled, cheap labor Tend to live & work among coethnics -- onclaves Maintain transnational ties 3-generation model of linguistic assimilation:a. 1st generation learn some Englishb. 2nd bilingualc. 3rd almost exclusively English Encounter racial/ethnic barriers; nativist sentiment TERM 3
What's differed about the immigrant
experience?
DEFINITION 3 Confronted w/different ideologies of assimilation Anglo-conformity Melting Pot Cultural pluralism (multiculturalism) TERM 4
Economic & Societal
Structures
DEFINITION 4 1st wave: agrarian, colonial society 2nd & 3rd: industrial, urban society (work in factories) 4th: post-industrial, service-oriented economy Different economies and societies leads to different living conditions & opportunities for advancement TERM 5
How did large # of undocumented immigrants
arise?
DEFINITION 5 Before 1800s, show up on a boat and automatically welcomed No official process of citizenship Origin from 1st and 2nd waves; now from Latin America, Asia, & Caribbean
HOW do immigrants' experiences differ?
Discrimination: encountering prejudice, unequal treatment Exclusion: segregation, exclusion from core societal institutionsa. Voting -- women 1920, literacy tests just for African Amer. Unequal access to societal rights of citizenship vs. no access at all Elimination of legal segregation has not always led to economic and social inclusion TERM 7
WHY do immigrants' experiences differ?
DEFINITION 7 Because of the nature of their immigration? "Internal Colonialism Model"a. Seeking religious freedomb. Minorities entered U.S. involuntarily Because of appearance? Small differences can grow into large differences Geographic concentration --> occupational conc. --> residential conc. --> ethnic institutions --> geographic conc. TERM 8
Nativism
DEFINITION 8 The more things change, the more they stay the same TERM 9
What is Assimilation?
DEFINITION 9 Sociologists quantify as: Socioeconomic status Spatial concentration Language attainment Intermarriage Assimilate to be more like the people around you, a certain "type" of American TERM 10
Assimilation Double Standard
DEFINITION 10 Immigrants have to be "more" American than native born Americans
Internal Factors That Shape Assimilation
Financial capital Human capital Family structure Community organization Cultural patterns of social relations -- how well do you understand people in your culture and outside TERM 17
External Factors That Shape Assimilation
DEFINITION 17 Racial stratification -- preconceptions Economic opportunities Spatial segregation TERM 18
Interactions Between Internal and External
Factors That Shape Assimilation
DEFINITION 18 Valorized and stigmatized traits Immigrants choose between conflicting values ***Interactions BETWEEN cultures shapes experiences BETWEEN different groups TERM 19
Everyday Culture Clashes
DEFINITION 19 Different beliefs, practices, norms Different groups interactions may rely on conflicting ideologies and behavioral norms Interpret others' behavior according to their own norms TERM 20
Tannen: "NY Jewish Conversational Style"
DEFINITION 20 Different way of being polite -- non-imposition vs. camaraderie translate to:a. Conversational habitsb. Speech overlapsc. Questioning vs. spontaneous sharingd. Speaker support People who share same convo style ==> smooth People w/different convo style ==> rougha. Each participant feels other is "rude" or bad convo partner
