Implementation of Language Teaching Methodologies, Slides of English Language

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Implementation of Language

Teaching Methodologies

Prepared by: APRILYN L. QUEYPO

Definition of Terms

1. Methodology

• The study of pedagogical practices in general (including theoretical underpinnings and related research). Whatever considerations are involved in "how to teach" are methodological.

2. Approach

• (^) Theoretical positions and beliefs about the nature of language, the nature of language learning, and the applicability of both to pedagogical settings. H. Douglas Brown. Teaching by Principles. An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. Pretince Hall Regents

Language Teaching Methodologies

1. Approach

2. Method

3. Techniques

How are these three

related?

• (^) Clarke (1983) summarized the inadequacy of the Antony framework as follows: Approach, by limiting our perspective of language learning and teaching, serves as a blinder which hampers rather than encourages, professional growth. Method is so vague that it means just about anything that anyone wants it to mean, with the result that, in fact, it means nothing. And technique, by giving the impression that teaching activities can be understood as abstractions separate from the context in which they occur, obscures the fact that classroom practice is a dynamic interaction of diverse system. (p.111)

Richards, Jack C. and

Rodgers, Theodore S. (1986)

• (^) For instance, while defining

approach, the authors state that

“theories at the level of approach

relate directly to the level of design

since they provide the basis for

determining the goals and content

of language syllabus.”

(Kumaravadivelu 2006:86-87)

• (^) While defining design, they state that

design considerations “ deal with

assumptions about the content and

the context for teaching and

learning....”

The boundary between approach and

design is blurred (not clear) here

because the operational definition of

both relate to theoretical assumptions

that actually belong to the realm of

approach.

(Kumaravadivelu 2006:86-87)

Language Teaching Methodologies

1.Grammar–translation method  (^) Traditional way of teaching Latin and Greek. In the 19th century, this is used to teach French, German and English.  (^) Typical lesson consisted of a) presentation of grammatical rule, b) specially written text that demonstrated the rule, c) list of new words, d) translation exercises, e) grammar exercises.

Language Teaching Methodologies

1.Grammar–translation method  (^) Emphasis is on learning to read and write.  (^) Vocabulary is taught in the form of lists of isolated words.  (^) Long, elaborate explanations of the intricacies of grammar are given.  (^) Medium of instruction was the mother tongue.  (^) No provision for the oral use of language.

Language Teaching Methodologies

2. Direct Method: Early 1900’s  (^) Posited by Charles Berlitz.  (^) Second language learning is similar to first language learning.  (^) Emphasis is on:

• (^) oral interaction,
• (^) spontaneous use of language,
• (^) no translation,
• (^) little if any analysis of grammatical rules and structures.

Language Teaching Methodologies

2. Direct Method: Early 1900’s  (^) Classroom instruction was conducted in the target language.  (^) There was an inductive approach to grammar.  (^) Only everyday vocabulary was taught.  (^) Concrete vocabulary was taught through pictures and objects.  (^) Abstract vocabulary was taught by association of ideas.

Language Teaching Methodologies

3. The Audiolingual Method (1950’s)  (^) Outbreak of the World War II:

• (^) Heightened the need to become orally proficient.
• (^) “The Army Method” (an oral-based approach to language learning).  (^) Influenced by structuralism and behaviorism

Language Teaching Methodologies

3. The Audiolingual Method (1950’s)  (^) New material is presented in dialogue form.  (^) There is dependency on mimicry, memorization of set phrases, and overlearning.  (^) By constant repetition the learner develops habits.  (^) The role of the teacher is to develop good language habits.