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Language Teaching Methodologies and Assessments, Exams of Advanced Education

University of WitwatersrandAdvanced Education

A wide range of topics related to language teaching methodologies and assessments. It discusses various teaching approaches, such as communicative language teaching (clt), presentation-practice-production (ppp), and the inductive approach. It also covers topics like speech production, word formation, language assessment, and language program evaluation. Insights into the different types of language teaching programs, such as esl-plus and stand-alone esl, as well as the stages of language learning and acculturation. Additionally, it touches on the three basic views of language: the communicative view, the structural view, and the interactional view. This comprehensive document could be useful for students studying language teaching, linguistics, or education, as it covers a diverse range of topics relevant to these fields.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 09/21/2024

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EXAM EDGE PRACTICE TESTS
A language teacher enters into casual discussion with the class for a few moments to
encourage group social interaction before returning to teaching the day's lesson. What
is the term for this? - class-centered teaching
A syllabus is made up of different elements. The element that refers to how teachers
and learners work on the selected substance of the course is which of the following? -
methodology
Any special register of speech used by care-takers to assist infants and young children
to learn their mother-tongue is called - child-directed speech
Which of the following transcriptions best represents the way a native speaker of
standard American English would pronounce the word "now? - nauw
"Noticing" a new language means that learners are paying attention to the ___,____,
and_____ of the language - form, use and meaning
Functional load is - the use made of a linguistic contrast in the sound system. The more
minimal pairs (pairs of words distinguished by one phoneme only) a contrast between
two phonemes distinguishes, the greater its functional load.
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) - - emphasizes interaction among students
and among the four skills (reading, writing, listening and speaking) to work on authentic
tasks. One of the goals of CLT is to produce anxiety-free learning as much as possible.
A criticism of this method is that there should be more of an emphasis on teaching
grammar and linguistic structures.
You are an ESOL teacher who is using an integrative approach to teach English
language skills and a teaching method that includes presentation, practice and
production. What ESOL method are you using to model your teaching strategies? -
communicative language teaching
You are a teacher who is monitoring your students in your classroom using a formative
assessment. You are doing this by checking on students while they are working,
collecting work samples and checking their work against rubrics. Using a summative
assessment would involve which of the following? - use of scoring criteria - points are
assigned to each question
The ESL teacher is checking to see what types of programs are available under LPAC
(Language Proficiency Assessment Committee). What types of programs does LPAC
ensure are available to students? - It ensures instructional and support programs are
made available to ELL students.
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EXAM EDGE PRACTICE TESTS

A language teacher enters into casual discussion with the class for a few moments to encourage group social interaction before returning to teaching the day's lesson. What is the term for this? - class-centered teaching A syllabus is made up of different elements. The element that refers to how teachers and learners work on the selected substance of the course is which of the following? - methodology Any special register of speech used by care-takers to assist infants and young children to learn their mother-tongue is called - child-directed speech Which of the following transcriptions best represents the way a native speaker of standard American English would pronounce the word "now? - nauw "Noticing" a new language means that learners are paying attention to the ___,____, and_____ of the language - form, use and meaning Functional load is - the use made of a linguistic contrast in the sound system. The more minimal pairs (pairs of words distinguished by one phoneme only) a contrast between two phonemes distinguishes, the greater its functional load. Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) - - emphasizes interaction among students and among the four skills (reading, writing, listening and speaking) to work on authentic tasks. One of the goals of CLT is to produce anxiety-free learning as much as possible. A criticism of this method is that there should be more of an emphasis on teaching grammar and linguistic structures. You are an ESOL teacher who is using an integrative approach to teach English language skills and a teaching method that includes presentation, practice and production. What ESOL method are you using to model your teaching strategies? - communicative language teaching You are a teacher who is monitoring your students in your classroom using a formative assessment. You are doing this by checking on students while they are working, collecting work samples and checking their work against rubrics. Using a summative assessment would involve which of the following? - use of scoring criteria - points are assigned to each question The ESL teacher is checking to see what types of programs are available under LPAC (Language Proficiency Assessment Committee). What types of programs does LPAC ensure are available to students? - It ensures instructional and support programs are made available to ELL students.

When a student is in a percentile or a rank of other students, what is the type of criterion being used? - norm-referenced The idea that language does not exist in isolation but is linked to the society in which it is used is called what? - sociocultural context Embedding is the process of - inserting one sentence into another sentence. "We told the teacher that WE LIKED THE WAY SHE TOLD THE STORY" What would be a tenet of a "functional" syllabus? - Assumes learner builds a repertoire What would be a tenet of an "informal" syllabus? - assumes a learner accumulates and synthesizes the target language and all its components What are the four major processes of speech production? - 1. Conceptualization (planning the message content)

  1. formulation (finding the right words and phrases for the message)
  2. articulation (involvement of the articulatory organs like the tongue and lips)
  3. self-monitoring (identifying and self-correcting mistakes. Keeping a vocabulary notebook that allows multiple ways of retrieving words should contain four important pieces of information: - 1. a target word
  4. a translation
  5. a synonym or antonym or key connecting word
  6. a brief example that does not have to be a whole sentence, just a good collocation Discourse management refers to the ability to - produce conversations and other extended written and spoken texts. Teachers use many different devices to produce effective discourse. Thing like free conversation, role-play and presentations that are not explicit are ways to develop discourse management A teacher asks her class to explain the difference between the sentences: "She's going to Stanford." and "She's going to Stanford?" What is this teacher trying to do? - teach the connection between intonation and meaning The emphasis given to any particular purpose of an assessment is influenced by what?
  • the social and political context in which assessment takes place list-group method - students, in groups or individually, engage in brainstorming sessions of putting words in their correct category A minimal pair is a pair of words that differ in only one ____ - phonological element EX: dog dug great greet

Which of the following is the term for studying how language devices are used to achieve their effect on a reader? - - stylists EX:repetition and parallelism. The "uy" in "buy" is a phonetic diphthong, and is represented as - [ai] The "iy" is the phonetic symbol for the ___ sound in "read. - "ea" Words that have only one morpheme are known as _______ words. Words that have more than one morpheme are known as _____ - - monomorphemic

  • polymorphemic Phonological variation is a - classification tool used to determine dialect using the grammatical aspects of language. This is a little different than phonetic variation , which concentrates on the pronunciation of a word. In phonological variation the emphasis is on the variation of phonemes. Marker (or model) sentences are sentences that are - - clear examples of what is being taught in the lesson. --Marker sentences help learners understand the structure, use and meaning of new language. Clipping occurs when a word is - shortened without changing the word's meaning Which of the following "Natural Approach Hypothesis" components, includes confidence? - affective filter hypothesis There are many types of word formations including - coinages, nonce words, borrowing (or loanwords), calquing, and clipping discourse is - longer than a sentence If one teaches "in Plenum" the activity will be done - with the whole class Two types of consonant clusters - - initial ex: school
  • final ex: bust What would be a good self-assessment assessment? - portfolio Phases of Acculturation - 1st: Honeymoon period 2nd: Culture Shock / frustration, hostility period 3rd: Adaptation/Adjustment period 4th: Acceptance period Words that look or sound the same as words in the learner's first language, but in fact are not the same, are called - false friends

a specific plan that defines and outlines how lesson objectives are to be met - A lesson plan Into which stage of language teaching program management does consideration of deviations fall? - comparing You are an ESOL teacher who has decided to use an end-of-unit assessment where prompts or tasks are open-ended and have no 'right answer.' Both the process and the final product are going to be assessed. What type of assessment is this? - performance based ESL programs are classified into 2 groups - 1. stand-alone ESL

  1. ESL-plus stand-alone ESL - Students are taken out of class for small portions of the day to focus on linguistic development EX: Pull out (elementary) Class period (Middle/High) Resource center (group together students from several classes or schools) Push in (elementary) Newcomer ESL-plus programs main focus is - content area instruction. Guessing from context, analyzing, reasoning inductively and deductively, taking systematic notes and reorganizing information fall into the category of what type of learning strategy? - cognitive Word formation processes are important for ESL teachers to understand and teach the students. The ESL teacher is going over terms with the students. The teacher asks the students what term is associated with when a word is shortened without changing the word's meaning. The correct student states which of the following? - A student states that this is known as clipping. What is the technical term for the relationship between vocabulary and grammar? - lexico-grammar When controversial topics like discrimination or prejudice are avoided in a textbook in favor of a more idealistic view, this is called - unreality Mrs. Smith is assessing her ELL students in competence and production of vocabulary. She is giving pictures of vocabulary items to identify and categorize. This type of assessment is known as: - recognition task Which sentence structure includes both phrases and sentences? - clause

A cultural study is - the academic field that studies the conditions under which individuals are invested with or divested of their social and historical identities. It studies the culture through the use of various symbolic systems, e.g. language. Putting a suggestion box near the door of the classroom is applying which of the following evaluation methods? - reactions to instruction methods A sociolinguistic marker is - - a feature that marks the speaker as a member of a social group and to which social attitudes are attached ex: The absence of the postvocalic /r/ in the speech of some New Yorkers There are three basic views of language: - 1. communicative view of language

  1. structural view of language
  2. interactional view of language The communicative view believes - language is considered a vehicle of expression in regards to functional meaning The structural view of language is associated with - - a system with organizationally related elements for the transmission of meaning.
  • Elements under this view include: phonological units, grammatical units, grammatical operations, and lexical items. The interactional view of language is associated with - viewing language as the means for creating and maintaining interpersonal relationships. In regard to the speed used in speaking a second language to learners of this language, it is consistently found that the best aid to comprehension is to - speak at a normal rate with extra pauses Stern's proposal considers a syllabus as having several strands to address complementary and interrelated goals. His integrated language curriculum consists of: -
  • language syllabus
  • culture syllabus
  • communicative activities syllabus
  • general language education syllabus What is the approach to literacy that stresses meaning and the experience of creating and understanding text? - whole-word method English as a foreign language (EFL) is the term to use where English is being taught where it is - neither widely used for communication, nor used as the medium of instruction Interactive dictation happens when - - students break into pairs or triads. They then use a piece of written material they are used to and one student reads a few words and the

others write them down. Then each student checks their work and each others' work for accuracy. Essentialization is the term used to describe the process by which individuals are - individuals are reduced to one of their many identities (e.g. a woman, a student, a foreigner, etc.). They are thus stereotyped accordingly. A "speech community" is a group of people that - speak a common dialect shared writing - similar to the language experience approach; the only difference is that the students begin to share in decision-making process, although the teacher is still doing all of the writing. Once the students seem to understand the basic sound-symbol relationships, that is, which letters to use to represent sounds in words, it is time to progress to interactive writing. The look-and-say method and the whole-word method rely on recognizing words through - memorization. 3 types of validity - construct, content, criterion modification for an ELL student in a content classroom - - bilingual dictionary

  • working in same lang. groups
  • using verbal and written directions a needs assessment is used to determine whether or not students had - - experience and skills necessary to do a research project.
  • key first step in differentiating instruction SDAIE stands for what? - - It stands for Specially Designed Academic Instruction in English.
  • This strategy includes the use of simplified English, visual aids, and gesture The ESL teacher and the principal are placing students in the proper classroom. What type of program has about 50% native English speakers and about 50% ELL students?
  • two-way bilingual program. When a teacher uses a technique to get a learner to give information rather than giving it to him it is called - elicitation Sounds made by the letters n, l, and j in words are examples of which of the following? - sonorants In the context of speaking and pronunciation the English sound system can be divided into two categories. What are they? - egmentals and suprasegmentals