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Vividhlaxi Vidyamandir, Palanpur
INDIRECT SPEECH
In grammar, direct conversation between two persons is called Direct Speech and when a conversation of two persons is narrated as a third person or like the third person, is called Indirect Speech. Let’s know the part of Direct Speech sentence: Example: The teacher said to Heena, “He is an engineer” The teacher is a SPEAKER Said to is REPORTED VERB Heena is a LISTENER The sentence “He is an engineer.” is REPORTED SPEECH If we want to transform any sentence from Direct Speech to Indirect Speech, we should keep in mind three main changes: (a) Changes of Tenses (b) Changes of Pronoun (c) Changes of words Changes of Tenses: If the reporting speech is in present tense or future tense, then no change is required to be made in the verb of reported speech. This verb could be in any tense i.e. present, past, or future. For example: Direct Speech: He says, “She is ill.” Indirect Speech: He says that she is ill. Direct Speech: She says, “She danced gracefully.” Indirect Speech: She says that she danced gracefully. Direct Speech: Hirva says, “I shall visit Ahmedabad.” Indirect Speech: Hirva says that she will visit Ahmedabad. If the reporting verb is in past tense, then reported verb will be changed as per the following criterion: Simple Present tense is changed into Simple past tense. For example: Direct Speech: They said, “They take exercise every day. Indirect Speech: They said that they took exercise every day.
Present continuous is changed into past continuous tense. Direct Speech: They said, “They are taking exercise every day.” Indirect Speech: They said that they were taking exercise every day. Present perfect is changed into the past perfect tense. Direct Speech: They said, “They have taken exercise.” Indirect Speech: They said that they had taken exercise. Present perfect continuous tense is changed into past perfect continuous tense. Direct Speech: They said, “They have been taking exercise since morning.” Indirect Speech: They said that they had been taking exercise since morning. Simple Past is changed into past perfect tense. Direct Speech: They said, “They took exercise.” Indirect Speech: They said that they had taken exercise. Past continuous tense is changed into past perfect continuous tense. Direct Speech: They said, “They were taking exercise.” Indirect Speech: They said that they had been taking exercise. No changes are required to be made into past perfect and past perfect continuous tenses. Direct Speech: They said, “They had taken exercise.” Indirect Speech: They said that they had taken exercise. Direct Speech: We said, “They had been doing their exercises.” Indirect Speech: We said that they had been doing their exercises. In Future Tense, while no changes are made except shall and will are changed into would. Direct Speech: They said, “They will take exercise.” Indirect Speech: They said that they would take exercise. Modal Auxiliaries like ‘can’ is changed into ‘could’ and ‘may’ is changed into ‘might’ Direct Speech: He said, “He can make a paper boat.” Indirect Speech: He said that he could make a paper boat. Direct Speech: She said, “He may buy that flat.” Indirect Speech: She said that he might buy that flat. Changes of Pronoun: 1 st^ Person pronouns in reported speech are always changed according to the subject or speaker of the reporting speech. 2 nd^ Person pronouns in reported speech are always changed according to the object or listener of the reporting speech. 3 rd^ Person pronouns in reported speech are not changed.
Direct Speech: She said to me, “I am writing a letter to my brother.” Indirect Speech: She told me that she was writing a letter to her brother. Imperative Sentences: Generally Imperative Sentence starts with verb. Imperative sentences are sentences that give advice, request, suggestion and order or a direct command. Use Reported Verb – requested, advised, ordered, urged, suggested, threatened etc. Connective- ‘to’ for affirmative sentence ‘not to’ for negative sentence To convert these types of sentences into indirect speech, follow the above-mentioned rules: For example: Direct Speech: The manager said to peon, “Shut the door.” Indirect Speech: The manager ordered peon to shut the door. The reporting verb is changed according to reported speech into a request in case the sentence makes a request. For example: Direct Speech: I said to him, “Shut the door.” Indirect Speech: I requested him to shut the door. The reporting verb is changed according to reported speech into advice in case the sentence gives a piece of advice. For example: Direct Speech: My father said to me, “You should work hard to pass the exam.” Indirect Speech: My father advised me to work hard to pass the exam. The reporting verb is changed according to reported speech into forbade in case the sentence prevents someone from doing something. For example: Direct Speech: His brother said to him, “Don’t smoke here.” Indirect Speech: His brother forbade him not to smoke there. Interrogative Sentences: Those sentences, which ask questions, are called interrogative sentences. Every interrogative sentence ends at a sign of interrogation. The reporting verb said to is changed into asked, inquired, questioned etc. If the reporting speech is having the yes/ no question at its start, then if / whether is used as a connective. If the reporting speech is having interrogative words like who, when, how, why, when then use the same word as a connector. Change the Interrogative sentence as an Assertive Sentence. A full stop is placed at the end of the sentence instead of a mark of interrogation.
Examples: Direct Speech: She said to me, “Are you injured?” Indirect Speech: She asked me if I was injured. Direct Speech: I said to her, “When do you do your homework?” Indirect Speech: I asked her when she did her homework. Direct Speech: Hemant said to her, “Will you go to the Akashwani Radio Station?” Indirect Speech: Hemant asked her if she would go to Akashwani Radio Station. Exclamatory Sentences Those sentences, which express our feelings and emotions, are called exclamatory sentences. Mark of exclamation is used at the end of an exclamatory sentence. This type of sentences generally start with what, how or interjections. For example: Hurray! We have won the match. Alas! He failed in the test. How beautiful that dog is! What a marvelous personality you are! To change exclamatory sentences into indirect speech, follow the following rules: In case, there is an interjection, i.e., alas, aha, hurray, etc. in the reported speech, then they are omitted along with sign of exclamation. Reporting verb, i.e., said is always replaced with exclaimed with joy, exclaimed with sorrow, exclaimed joyfully, exclaimed sorrowfully or exclaimed with great wonder or sorrow. In case, there is what or how at the beginning of the reported speech, then they are replaced with very or very great. And omit the word like what or how Use ‘that’ as a connective. In an indirect sentence, the exclamatory sentence becomes an assertive sentence. Examples: Direct Speech: Krupal said to Megha, “Hurray! We won the match yesterday.” Indirect Speech: Krupal exclaimed Megha that they had won the match the previous day. Direct Speech: Sheela said, “Alas! My brother failed in the test.” Indirect Speech: Sheela exclaimed with great sorrow that her brother had failed in the test. Direct Speech: We said, “What a beautiful house this is!” Indirect Speech: We exclaimed that that house was very beautiful. Direct Speech: You said to him, “What a beautiful drama you have written! Indirect Speech: You exclaimed to him in great wonder that he had written a beautiful drama.
EXERCISE: 1
Change into indirect speech.
- Ayush said, “I am trying to find a new job.”
- Meera said, “I wrote a letter.”
- The girl said, “I want something to eat.”
- The teacher said, “Stop writing.”
- The man said, “I have to go and inquire the matter.”
- The girl said to me, “I have been practicing the violin for six months.”
- Mother said, “I have finished my household.”
- She said to him, “What are you doing now?”
- He said to me, “Are you happy here?”
- The father said to his son, “I was paying your fee yesterday when you called me.”
- He said to us, “Let’s go for a long drive.”
- I said to my sister, “Don’t touch my dictionary without my permission.” EXERCISE: 2 Turn the following sentences into Indirect Speech.
- She asked him, “What do you want from me?”
- He asked me, “Are you coming with us?
- A businessman said to him, “When do you intend to make the payment?”
- The little girl said, “Which way should I go?”
- A boy said to his papa, “Can I solve this puzzle?”
- The teacher said, "The Earth revolves around the sun."
- I said to my friends, "let us go to a picnic for a change".
- Priya said to me, "Don't go to school tomorrow."
- Nisha said to Swati, "Will you help me in my project just now?"
- Ram said to Rohan, "Don't run so fast."
- Rohan said, "Where shall I be this time next month."
- I said to him, “Would you bring me a cup of coffee, please?”
- My mother said to my brother, “Please help me carry this”
- The police inspector said to us, “Let no one leave this place, please.”
- They said to us, “Let’s go for an evening walk now.” ::BETTER EVERYDAY::
