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ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 16 : Cloud computing Submission date Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name Nguyen Huu Tien Thuan Student ID GCH Class GCH0907 Assessor name Do Quoc Binh Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice. Student’s signature Thuan Grading grid P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 D
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- I. Introduction
- II. Client-Server
- Definition
- Characteristics of Client Server Computing
- III. Peer-to-peer (P2P)
- Definition
- Architecture of P2P
- How P2P work
- Example
- IV. High performance computing
- Parallel
- 1.1. Definition
- 1.2. Type of parallel
- 1.3. Applications of Parallel Computing...........................................................................................................
- Cluster
- 2.1. Definition
- 2.2. Types of cluster
- 2.3. Cluster computing architecture
- Distributed
- V. Deployment models
- Public cloud
- Private cloud
- Community cloud
- Hybrid cloud
- VI. Service modes
- Infrastructure as a service(IAAS)
- SAAS
- PAAS
- VII. Five characteristic of cloud
- On-demand self-service
- Broad network access
- Multi-tenancy and resource pooling
- Rapid elasticity
- Measured service
- VIII. Virtualization and Multicore
- IX. Propose a cloud solution for ATN company
- Why ATN should use cloud
- Which deployment, service model should be use and why?
- 2.1. Deployment model
- 2.2. Service model..........................................................................................................................................
- Technical for solution
- 3.1. Which programming language should be used?
- 3.2. Which database should be used?
- 3.3. Which cloud platform should be used?
- Cloud architecture
- X. Conclusion
- Figure 1: Client/Server Table Figure
- Figure 2:Peer to peer
- Figure 3: Parallel
- Figure 4:Cluster
- Figure 5: Distributed
- Figure 6:Public cloud
- Figure 7:Private cloud
- Figure 8:Community cloud..........................................................................................................................................
- Figure 9:Hybrid cloud..................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 10:IaaS..............................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 11:SaaS
- Figure 12:PaaS
- Figure 13:Characteristic of cloud
- Figure 14: Virtualization..............................................................................................................................................
The client and server should use the same communication protocol to make it easier for them to communicate with one another. At the application layer, all communication protocols are available. A server can only handle a certain amount of client requests at any given moment. As a result, it responds to requests using a priority-based method.
- Pros: A server in client-server computing is a central node that serves a large number of client nodes. In a peer-to-peer system, on the other hand, the nodes pool their resources and interact with one another; The server is the node that connects with the other nodes in client- server computing. In peer-to-peer computing, all nodes are equal and share data directly with one another; Peer to peer computing is thought to be a subclass of client server computing.
- Cons: If all of the clients request data from the server at the same time, the server may get overloaded. The network may get congested as a result of this; If the server goes down for whatever reason, none of the customers' requests will be completed. This causes the client- server network to fail; Setting up and maintaining a client-server paradigm is fairly expensive.
III. Peer-to-peer (P2P)
1. Definition A peer-to-peer (P2P) service is a decentralized platform that allows two people to communicate directly with one another without the need for a third party to intervene. Instead, the buyer and seller use the P2P service to deal directly with one another. Search, screening, rating, payment processing, and escrow are some of the services that the P2P platform may offer. (Rosencrance, 2019) 2. Architecture of P2P Figure 2 :Peer to peer
In a peer-to-peer network architecture, each computer has the same responsibilities and capabilities. Because there is no server, the computers collaborate in a workgroup to share files, printers, and Internet access. This design is suitable for workgroups with less than 12 PCs. As a result, it's typical in small home or office situations where each PC operates as a standalone workstation, saving data on its own hard drive while sharing it with the rest of the network. (Rosencrance, 2019)
3. How P2P work The user must install peer-to-peer software on his computer in this situation, which establishes a virtual network of peer-to-peer program users. When a user downloads a file, it is received in bits from other computers on the network that already have the file. At the same time, data is transferred from the user's computer to the computers that have requested it. This is akin to a two- way street in that the file is made up of many little bits of data that arrive on the user's computer but then leave when asked. The file transfer burden is really spread across the partner machines. (Rosencrance, 2019) - Pros: There's no need to acquire an expensive server; each user operates his or her own computer, eliminating the need for a network manager; users don't require any technical expertise because the software's setup wizards handle everything. - Cons: Users are unable to back up their data and folders in a central location. Each computer can be accessible by other computers, slowing down the user's performance. There is no centrally controlled shared space for the files. Rather, they are kept on personal computers. As a result, if the computer's owner doesn't have a logical filing system, finding the files may be difficult. 4. Example Open-source Software: The software's code may be viewed and modified by anybody. By crowdsourcing the coding, editing, and quality control of software among writers and users, open- source software attempts to eliminate the need for a central publisher/editor. File sharing: Filesharing is the exchange of media and software files between uploaders and downloaders. Filesharing services can provide screening and protection for shared data in addition to peer-to-peer networking. They may also allow users to bypass intellectual property restrictions in an anonymous manner, or they may enable intellectual property enforcement.
IV. High performance computing
1. Parallel 1.1. Definition Parallel computing is the process of running many applications or computations on multiple processors at the same time. Large issues are split down into smaller, independent components that can be addressed all at once in this form of computer architecture. It is implemented using numerous CPUs that communicate over shared memory and then combine the findings. It
2.2. Types of cluster High performance cluster: To address advanced computational challenges, HP clusters employ computer clusters and supercomputers. They're used to completing tasks that require nodes to interact in order to complete. They're made to take use of several nodes' parallel processing capacity. (shubhikagarg1999, 2021) Load-balancing cluster: Incoming resource requests are split across numerous nodes that execute similar applications or have comparable content. This ensures that no single node receives an excessive amount of work. In a web-hosting environment, this sort of distribution is commonly utilized. High availability cluster: HA clusters are intended to include redundant nodes that may serve as backup systems in the event of a breakdown. Customers may expect consistent computing services such as corporate operations, complex databases, and consumer services such as e- websites and network file distribution. They're made to ensure that customers have access to data at all times. 2.3. Cluster computing architecture It is built with a network of interconnected individual computers that operate as a single standalone system. It's a collection of workstations or computers connected by high-speed interconnects to form a single, integrated computing resource. A node is a single or multiprocessor network that includes memory, input and output operations, as well as an operating system. A single line connects two or more nodes, or each node can be linked individually through a LAN connection.
3. Distributed Figure 4 :Cluster
3.1. Definition A distributed system is a group of servers and data storage that are physically separated and located in different systems throughout the world. These components may communicate, coordinate, and work together to achieve a common goal, creating the illusion of a single, unified system with significant processing capabilities. Distributed systems include distributed computer servers, databases, software applications, and file storage systems. (Gibb, 2019)
V. Deployment models
Based on ownership, scale, and access, as well as the cloud's nature and purpose, the cloud deployment model determines the unique sort of cloud environment. A cloud deployment paradigm determines where your servers are located and who has authority over them. Different types of cloud computing deployment models are:
- Public cloud
- Private cloud
- Community cloud
- Hybrid cloud 1. Public cloud The public cloud is an IT architecture in which a third-party supplier manages on-demand computing services and infrastructure that is shared among different enterprises over the public Internet. (javapoint, n.d.) Figure 5 : Distributed
A private cloud computing environment is one that is dedicated solely to a particular company or service. It can be installed on the company's premises or in a third-party data center. It is overseen by the operations team of the company or a managed service provider. (Lutkevich, 2022) When operating workloads over time and at scale, private clouds tend to be more cost-effective than public clouds. They enable bare metal, virtualization, storage, container, and serverless services and are a key component of hybrid cloud and multi-cloud systems. Pros Cons More control High cost Security & privacy Restricted area of operations Improved performance Limited scalability Example Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) has been a leader in the private cloud comput market for many years. The private cloud service provider offers customizable private cloud software and infrastructure. The HPE private cloud can be used along with a public cloud to provide a faster connection with the same security protections as a private cloud. HPE’s private cloud offerings include services, hardware, and software. Its private cloud solutions include the Helion CloudSystem hardware, Helion Cloud Suite software, Helion Managed Private Cloud, and Managed Virtual Private Cloud services, among others.
3. Community cloud A community cloud is a cloud architecture that allows a collection of companies to exchange information by accessing systems and services. One or more community groups, a third party, or a combination of them own, administer, and run it. (javapoint, n.d.) Figure 7 :Private cloud
Pros Cons Cost effective Slow adoption to data Flexible and scalable Costly Sharing infrastructure Sharing responsibilities among organization is difficult Security The fixed amount of data storage and bandwidth is shared all community member Example: Community cloud for the healthcare sector: The healthcare industry in the U.S. is regulated by the HIPAA of 1996. This calls for secure storage and transfer of sensitive patient information. Patient records are often shared between hospitals and laboratories. A community cloud adhering to HIPAA would enable them to do this seamlessly. It is also suitable for pharmaceutical companies that share information globally. Given the ongoing collaborative medical research on the COVID-19 pandemic on a global scale, community cloud adoption is a no-brainer. Besides regulatory compliance of daily transactions, the healthcare industry is also moving into the artificial intelligence (AI) space, processing huge volumes of sensitive data for predicting new trends in disease management and personalized patient care and determining the risk factors of various diseases. A community cloud would enable storage and accessibility of data from multiple sources while adhering to HIPAA. Figure 8 :Community cloud
services may all be accessed and monitored via IaaS. Instead of purchasing hardware altogether, IaaS allows organizations to acquire resources on-demand and as-needed. (Boisvert, 2020) IaaS users connect to resources and services across a wide area network (WAN), such as the internet, and then use the cloud provider's services to complete the application stack. Any cloud computing paradigm necessitates the involvement of a provider. A third-party entity that specializes in selling IaaS is frequently the supplier. Independent IaaS providers include Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Google Cloud Platform (GCP). A company might even set up its own private cloud and become its own infrastructure provider. Pros Cons Maintaining on-premise IT infrastructure may be expensive and time-consuming, as it frequently necessitates a large upfront investment in physical gear. You'll almost certainly need to hire competent IT specialists to repair the gear and keep things running smoothly. Legacy systems: Any legacy technology or apps should be examined for compatibility before a full cloud migration is performed. Many older systems were not built to handle cloud-based services and may need to be modified or replaced. It reclaims control over the infrastructure for you. You will no longer need to place trust in an external IT contractor — you can access and oversee IaaS products Security: When moving from on-premise to cloud, new security dangers may emerge, whether from the host or other virtual machines (VMs). Organizations Figure 10 :IaaS
yourself if you wish, without being an IT wiz. must examine and investigate current security risks as well as their remediation techniques. IaaS solutions are extremely adaptable and expandable, and they can be updated at any time without losing money on your initial investment. Internal Training: When a new system is implemented, there is a lack of familiarity with its complexities. Additional training and materials should be prepared by businesses to ensure that their users understand what they are doing. Example of popular IaaS provider include: Google Computer Engine (GCE); Microsoft Azure; AWS EC2;…
2. SAAS SaaS is a software distribution paradigm in which a cloud provider hosts programs and makes them available to end customers through the internet. An independent software vendor (ISV) may hire a third-party cloud provider to host the application in this manner. Or, in the case of larger corporations like Microsoft, the cloud provider may also be the software supplier. (Chai, 2021) Pros Cons Flexible payments. Customers subscribe to a SaaS solution rather than acquiring software to install or additional infrastructure to support it. Many organizations may improve and forecast their budgeting by converting expenditures to a recurrent operational Issues that are beyond the customer's control. When providers have service outages, make unwelcome modifications to service offerings, or suffer a security breach, problems might occur, all of which can have a significant impact on consumers' ability to use the SaaS Figure 11 :SaaS
developer's view. Although there are some parallels between PaaS and serverless computing, there are also significant distinctions. Pros Cons Time to market is reduced. There's no need to buy and install the hardware and software you'll need to establish and manage your application development platform using PaaS, and development teams won't have to wait while you do it. You just use the PaaS provided by the cloud service provider to start provisioning resources and creating right away. Data security: Storing your data on third- party servers may expose you to extra security concerns. Because you'll have to choose a solution that can interface with third-party systems, your security choices may be limited. More flexibility to try new things, with less risks. PaaS also allows you to experiment with new operating systems, languages, and other technologies without having to spend much in them or the infrastructure needed to support them. Integrations: When using PaaS, you may have difficulties integrating new apps. This is linked to challenges with legacy systems, as many components of these systems were not designed for the cloud. Overall, expenses are lower. Clearly, PaaS saves money by allowing a company to avoid the capital equipment expenditures of developing and growing an application platform. PaaS, on the other hand, can lower or eliminate software license expenses. PaaS may also lower your total application administration expenses by managing patches, updates, and other administrative activities. Example of popular PaaS provider include: Heroku; Google App Engine; …
VII. Five characteristic of cloud
There are basically 5 essential characteristics of cloud computing.
1. On-demand self-service Human administrators are not required for cloud computing services; users may deploy, monitor, and manage computer resources as needed. 2. Broad network access Computing services are often delivered over regular networks and a variety of devices. 3. Multi-tenancy and resource pooling IT resources for computing services should be able to expand out and in rapidly and on an as-needed basis. When a user requests services, they are given, and the service is scaled down after the user's needs are met. 4. Rapid elasticity The IT resource (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) is shared in an uncommitted way between different applications and occupants. A single physical resource is used to serve several customers. 5. Measured service For each application and occupant, resource use is recorded, giving both the user and the resource supplier an account of what has been consumed. This is done for a variety of purposes, including invoicing and resource management.
VIII. Virtualization and Multicore
1. Virtualization Virtualization in operating systems transforms a standard operating system so that it may run a variety of apps that can be shared by several users on a single computer machine. The operating system may seem differently to each user, and each of them may feel they are dealing with the only operating system; yet this has no effect on the user's experience. Figure 13 :Characteristic of cloud
