Input Output - Intro to Computer Architecture - Lecture Slides, Slides of Computer Architecture and Organization

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Input/ Output

What is Input/Output of a Computer?

• Connection with Machine
• Every machine has I/O (Like a function)
• In computing, input/output , or I/O , refers to the communication between an information processing system (such as a computer), and the outside world possibly a human, or another information processing system.

Mouse

• Pointing device that functions by detecting two-dimensional motion relative to its supporting surface

Types of I/O

• Interrupt I/O
• Programmed I/O
• DMA I/O (Direct Memory Access)

Interrupt I/O

• CPU does not need to wait
• I/O Module interrupts when it is ready

Programmed I/O

• Method of transferring data between the CPU and a peripheral such as a network adapter or an ATA storage device
• Happens when software running on the CPU uses instructions that access I/O address space

Direct Memory Access I/O

• Refers to data transfers initiated by a device to access system memory
• Allows certain hardware subsystems within the computer to access system memory for reading and/or writing independently of the central processing unit

DMA I/O

• DMA controller takes over from CPU for I/O
• DMA takes the load from the CPU

Input Output

• I/O are getting more advanced
• Now I/O are doing the entire transfer
• This takes the strain off of CPU