Input and Output Devices in Computing Essentials 2004, Summaries of Voice

The different types of input and output devices used in computing. It covers keyboard entry, pointing devices, image capture, digitizing, audio input devices, monitors, printers, and audio output. It also explains the features of different types of keyboards and mice, and the advantages and disadvantages of different types of monitors. useful for students studying computer science or information technology.

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Computing Essentials 2004
Chapter 5 Input and Output
I.Ch 5 Input and Output
A.Competencies
1.Describe input.
2.Describe keyboard entry, pointing devices, and scanning devices.
3.Discuss image capture, digitizing, and audio input devices.
4.Discuss output.
5.Describe monitors, printers, and audio output.
6.Discuss combination input and output devices.
B.Introduction
Computer input and output devices are essentially translators.
Input devices translate numbers, letters and actions that people understand
into a form that the computer can process.
Output devices translate the machine language the computer can process
back into letters, numbers, sounds, and images that people can understand.
Competent end users need to know about the most common input devices
such as keyboards, mice, scanners, digital cameras, digitizing tablets,
voice recognition devices, and MIDI.
They also need to know about the most common output devices such as
monitors, printers, and audio output.
They also need to know about combination input/output devices such as
fax machines, Internet telephones, and terminals.
C.What is Input?
Input is any data or instructions that are used by a computer.
They can come directly from you or from other sources in the form of text,
numbers, pictures, voice.
Input devices are hardware used to translate words, sounds, images, and
actions that people understand into a form that the computer can process.
D.Keyboard Entry
Keyboards convert numbers, letters, and special characters into electronic
signals.
Traditional, ergonomic, flexible and folding are types of keyboards.
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Chapter 5 Input and Output

I.Ch 5 Input and Output

A.Competencies

1.Describe input.

2.Describe keyboard entry, pointing devices, and scanning devices.

3.Discuss image capture, digitizing, and audio input devices.

4.Discuss output.

5.Describe monitors, printers, and audio output.

6.Discuss combination input and output devices.

B.Introduction

 Computer input and output devices are essentially translators.

 Input devices translate numbers, letters and actions that people understand

into a form that the computer can process.

 Output devices translate the machine language the computer can process

back into letters, numbers, sounds, and images that people can understand.

 Competent end users need to know about the most common input devices

such as keyboards, mice, scanners, digital cameras, digitizing tablets,

voice recognition devices, and MIDI.

 They also need to know about the most common output devices such as

monitors, printers, and audio output.

 They also need to know about combination input/output devices such as

fax machines, Internet telephones, and terminals.

C.What is Input?

 Input is any data or instructions that are used by a computer.

 They can come directly from you or from other sources in the form of text,

numbers, pictures, voice.

 Input devices are hardware used to translate words, sounds, images, and

actions that people understand into a form that the computer can process.

D.Keyboard Entry

 Keyboards convert numbers, letters, and special characters into electronic

signals.

 Traditional, ergonomic, flexible and folding are types of keyboards.

Chapter 5 Input and Output

1.Keyboards

 Traditional keyboards : full-sized, rigid, rectangular keyboards that

include function, navigational, and numeric keys.

 Flexible keyboards : fold or roll up for easy packing and storage for

mobile users.

 Ergonomic keyboards : similar to traditional, but designed to

specifically alleviate wrist strain associated with repetitive

movements of typing.

 Wireless keyboards : more expensive than traditional keyboards,

but give the flexibility of un-tethering the cord.

 PDA keyboards : miniature keyboards for PDAs for sending email,

etc.

2.Features

 Numeric keypads: easier entry of numbers and arithmetic symbols

 Toggle keys : turn a feature ON and OFF like Caps / Num Lock keys.

 Combination keys : perform action when held down in combination with

another key like Shift / Ctrl keys.

 Escape key : cancels a selection or a procedure.

 Function keys : shortcut for particular tasks, example F1 displays online Help.

 Navigation keys : controls the movement of cursor on the screen.

E.Pointing Devices

1.Mouse

 A mouse controls the pointer displayed on the monitor

 The mouse pointer usually appears in the shape of an arrow.

 The mouse shape can change depending on the application and status of

the application.

 A mouse can have one, two, or more buttons used to select command option.

 The three basic types of mouse designs are:

o Mechanical mouse : traditional mouse with a rotating ball in the

bottom and cord connecting it to the system unit. The movement of the

mouse causes the roller ball to rotate and that moves the pointer on the

screen.

o Optical mouse : Have no moving parts – it emits and senses light to

detect mouse movement. Optical mouse is better than mechanical

mouse as it can be used on any surface, is more precise, and does not

require periodic cleaning.

o Cordless or wireless mouse : a battery operated device that typically

uses radio waves or infrared light waves to communicate with the

system. This mouse does not use any cords.

 Other devices similar to mouse include:

Chapter 5 Input and Output

o Portable scanner : often is a hand held device that slides across

the document being scanned, making direct contact

 Typical use is by advertising professionals who scan images and

combine them with text.

2.Bar Code Readers

 Bar code readers/scanners contain photoelectric cells that read bar codes

  • vertical zebra-striped marks printed on product containers.

 Typical uses are in grocery stores that use Universal Product Codes

(UPC) which match up the product with a database entry containing

product information such as price.

 These devices are either handheld wand readers or platform scanners.

3.Character and Mark Recognition Devices

 These devices read special characters and marks.

 Three types include:

o Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) : used by banks for

reading numbers at bottom of checks. Special reader/sorter machines

reads characters made of ink containing magnetized particles.

o Optical Character Recognition (OCR) : use special pre-printed

characters that can be read by a light source, and changed into machine-

readable code. Retail stores frequently used these types of scanners.

o Optical Mark Recognition (OMR) aka Mark Sensing : senses the

presence or absence of a mark, such as pencil mark. It is frequently used

to score multiple choice tests marked by pencil on a form.

G.Image Capturing Devices

 These focus on capturing just images rather than the text/image capturing

by flatbed scanners.

1.Digital Camera

 The image is captured by CCD or CMOS sensors, and stored

electronically where it can be downloaded to a computer.

2.Digital Video Camera

 Similar to a camcorder, only the signals are captured in digital

rather than analog format.

 WebCams (Web Cameras) are inexpensive digital (video) cameras

that are used for video conferencing.

 See the text’s CD and/or Web site to learn how you can

videoconference using this type of technology.

H.Audio Input Devices

 Converts sound into digital format

Chapter 5 Input and Output

1.Voice

 Voice Recognition Systems use a microphone for input, and a

special sound card and software translates the analog signals into

digital signals that can be processed and stored.

 Many applications now support voice recognitions.

 Using a “language bar” you can switch between “voice command

mode” – allowing you to control menu options, and “dictation

mode” – allowing you to enter content text into a document.

2.Music

 Musical Interface Digital Interface (MIDI) is a standard that allows

musical instruments to connect to a computer.

 MIDI devices are specialized musical instruments that provide

input in the form of encoded digital signals representing musical

sounds.

 Electronic keyboards are the most commonly used MIDI devices.

I.Making IT Work for You – WebCams and Instant

Messaging page 188-

 This section covers the use of simple digital cameras and software to chat

to friends on line. This section uses the “Windows Messenger” service

and demonstrates how you can start:

A.Sending Messages and Transferring Files

B.Using a WebCam

C.Sharing an Application

J.What is Output? Page 190

 Output is processed data or information

 Typically takes the form of text, graphics, photos, or images.

 Output devices are any hardware used to provide or create output from the

computer, for example monitors, printers, speakers, etc.

K.Monitors page 191

 Also known as display screens or screens

 Output is sometimes called softcopy (as opposed to printed hardcopy)

1.Features

 Clarity: the quality and sharpness of a monitor; depends on:

 Resolution: measured in Pixels (Picture Elements) e.g. a 1,280 x

1,024 resolution screen displays 1,310,720 pixels. The greater the

number of pixels, the better the resolution.

Chapter 5 Input and Output

1.Features

 Resolution: measured in Dots Per Inch (DPI), typically 300, 600,

or 1,200 in modern printers. The more dots, the better the image,

but the more ink that is used. Photo printing uses even higher dpi

printers (2,400 & 4,800 dpi)

 NOTE: you can save ink if you adjust the settings to a lower DPI

setting – 300 or 600 DPI often works well for plain text.

 Color capability: Black & White or color

 Speed: typically measured in Pages Per Minute (ppm). Personal

printers typically print 10-15 ppm for a single color (black) and

5-10 color

 Memory: most printers have on-board RAM to buffer the print so

the computer is free to do other tasks.

2.Ink-Jet Printer page 194

 Widely used technology that sprays ink onto paper.

 They are relatively inexpensive, quiet, and reliable.

 Typical inkjet printers can print 17-19 ppm B/W and 13-15 ppm of

color.

3.Laser Printer

 Use technology similar to a photocopier

 Personal laser printers are cheaper, but usually don’t support color.

They typically print 15 to 17 ppm.

 Office printers may print color, and print at high speeds, over 50

ppm.

4.Thermal Printer page 195

 Not as common as Ink-Jet and Laser printers

 Used for high end artwork and image reproduction

5.Other Printers

 Dot matrix printers: older technology, but good for multipart forms

 Plotters: special purpose for making maps, images, drawings

 Photo printers: special purpose for higher quality images on photo

stock.

 Portable printers: designed for travel; typically connect via USB

port.

M.Audio Output Devices page 196

 Most widely used devices are speakers and headphones

 These must be connected to a sound card in the system unit.

 Many systems support 5.1 digital sound

 Creating voice output is easier than recognizing voice input, and is used

for many applications such as soda machines, telephones, and cars.

Chapter 5 Input and Output

N.Combination Input and Output Devices

1.Fax machines

 Also know as Facsimile Transmission Machines, it’s an older

technology used to transmit a “picture” of a document.

2.Multifunction Devices (MFD) aka All In One (AIO)

devices

 These devices combine the functions of a printer, scanner, copier,

and fax into one unit.

 The advantage is it can save cost over buying separate units, as

well as space.

 The disadvantage is the functionality may not be as good as

separate machines, and if one goes bad, you may need to replace

the whole device.

3.Internet Telephone page 197

 Internet telephones typically connect to a system unit through a

USB port and operate like a traditional telephone.

 Telephony, also known as Internet telephony, IP telephony and

Voice Over IP (VoIP) – Note: IP = Internet Protocol uses the

Internet rather than traditional communication lines to support

voice communication.

 Convert analog voice into digital, and utilizes the Internet Protocol

to send the digital signals.

 This technology is proving to be a popular, cost saving tool for

both businesses and home users.

 Three popular approaches include:

o Computer to computer: allow users to place free long distance

phone calls, e.g. MSN Explorer

o Computer to traditional telephone: users can call virtually any

telephone user from the computer.

o Traditional telephone to traditional telephone: do not require a

computer

 Internet supported calls may have lower sound quality.

4.Terminals

 Older technology often used to connect to a mainframe or

host/server computer.

 Dumb terminals: only provide input and output to the host

 Intelligent terminals (Smart terminals) can do some processing at

the terminal – an example would be a PC hooked up to act as a

terminal as well. Net PC (aka Net Personal Computer) is a low

cost limited microcomputer with only a hard drive, sealed system

unit and no expansion slots.

Chapter 5 Input and Output

2.Input

a)Scanners

(1)Optical scanners

(2)Bar code readers

(3)Character and mark recognition devices

3.Input

a)Image capturing Devices

(1)Digital cameras

(2)Digital video cameras

b)Audio Input Devices

(1)Voice - Voice recognition systems

(2)Music - Musical Instrument Digital Interface

(MIDI)

4.Output

a)Monitors

(1)Cathode ray tubes (CRTs)

(2)Flat-panel monitors

5.Output

a)Printers

(1)Ink-jet printers

(2)Laser printers

(3)Thermal printers

b)Audio Output Devices

(1)Speakers

Chapter 5 Input and Output

(2)Headphones

6.Combination Devices

a)Fax Machines

b)Multifunction Devices (MFD, AIO)

c)Internet Telephones

(1)Internet telephones

(2)Telephony (Internet Telephony, IP Telephony,

Voice-over IP, VoIP)

d)Terminals

(1)Dumb

(2)Intelligent

(3)Network (thin client or network computer)

(4)Internet (Web terminal or Web Appliance)

Q.Key Terms page 203

1 active-matrix monitor aka TFT monitor; laptop LCD screen type with higher power consumption, but better clarity 2 all in one device AIO aka Multifunction Device (MFD) a single unit that offers scanning, copying, printing and faxing 3 audio input a way to convert sounds into bits that the computer can process 4 audio input device microphone 5 audio output device speakers 6 bar code printed series of lines that the computer can recognize as different characters, e.g. a UPC bar code used in grocery stores 7 bar code reader specialized input device to scan information such as Universal Product Codes (UPC) on grocery items 8 bar code scanner specialized input device (typically handheld) to scan information such as retail price tags 9 cathode ray tube monitor CRT traditional, TV like picture tube offers high quality at a low price, but tends to be bulky 10 character recognition device generic term used for a variety of electronic character readers such as OCR , OMR or MICR 11 Clarity the quality of resolution, depends on factors such as number of pixels 12 color capability (printer) the ability to print in color, typically via ink-jet or laser print technology 13 combination device a device that acts as both input and output e.g. FAX machine, MFD, IP phones 14 combination key keys such as or that are typically used in combination with another key for executing different keyboard functions 15 cordless mouse battery operated mouse that uses wireless signals to transmit location to the computer 16 data projector book sized projector for displaying computer images on a screen for presentation purposes 17 dictation mode ability to enter text in a document via voice 18 digital camera camera that stores images electronically rather than on film 19 digital video camera video camera that stores images in digital (computer ready) format rather than analog format 20 dot pitch the space between pixels on a monitor - typically less than .30 mm

Chapter 5 Input and Output

69 numeric keypad separate keys on a keyboard to allow fast entry of numbers 70 optical mouse mouse that uses light to determine location rather than a roller ball 71 optical scanner generic term for devices that digitize printed documents into computer ready format 72 optical-character recognition OCR input technology to scan in printed characters and translate them into alphanumeric characters 73 optical-mark recognition OMR input technology used for reading pencil marks on a form, such as a standardized test form 74 output term used to describe the conversion of computer data into end user understandable data 75 output device any equipment to present information in a form the end user can use, e.g. printers, monitors, speakers 76 passive-matrix monitor aka dual scan monitor, require low power and scan down the screen 77 PC/TV a merger of microcomputers and televisions, allowing you to digitally record images 78 PDA keyboard miniature keyboards for PDAs used to send e-mail, create documents, and more 79 personal laser printer lower priced (and typically lower capacity) laser printer 80 photo printer specialized printer for printing photos directly from a digital camera 81 pixel (picture element) unit of measure for an image or monitor - the more pixels, the higher the quality of the display 82 platform scanner aka flatbed scanner, scans in and digitizes full size printed documents 83 plotter output device for map making or drawings 84 pointing device an input device to point to an item on a screen, e.g. a mouse 85 pointing stick aka trak point, a small device in the middle of a keyboard that you use like a small joystick 86 portable printer output device to create hard copy or permanent copy, designed to be lightweight for travel 87 portable scanner aka wand reader, it is used to get input from pre-printed forms or to read in small amounts of text 88 Printer output device to create hard copy or permanent copy 89 reader/sorter a special machine to scan in an separate MICR encoded documents such as bank checks 90 refresh rate the number of times a monitor screen is "re scanned" to display the image - typically over 70 Hz (70 x per second) 91 resolution (monitor) the quality of the display, depends on pixels, refresh rate, etc. 92 resolution (printer) the quality of the printer, measured in dots per inch, e.g. 300 x 300 dpi is common for lower quality print 93 roller ball rubberized globe in a computer mouse that moves to activate sensors that relay position on the screen 94 Scanner term used to describe equipment used to read printed documents and convert them to digital data 95 scanning device term used to describe equipment used to read printed documents and convert them to digital data 96 Screen aka monitor 97 shared laser printer a networked printer that several users may use 98 size (viewable size) measurement for monitors, it is measured diagonally in inches, e.g. a 15 monitor may have a 13.7 inch viewable size 99 soft copy term used to describe temporary output such as that from monitors and speakers 100 Speakers reproduce sounds from electronic signals 101 speed (printer) printer speed is typically measured in ppm - pages per minute e.g. 6 ppm color 12 ppm B/W 102 Stylus input device to press on a computer screen for selecting commands and/or entering text 103 Telephony term used to describe the use of computer connectivity to make phone calls 104 Terminal device used for simple input and output of computer data 105 thermal printer specialized printer used for high quality images 106 thin client an low cost alternative to intelligent terminal, it provides input and output to a host server, but can do some processing 107 thin film transistor monitor TFT aka active matrix monitor; laptop LCD screen type with higher power consumption, but better clarity 108 toggle key key on a keyboard that you turn on and off, e.g. Caps Lock or Num Lock 109 touch pad sensitive area on some keyboards that you can use as a mouse 110 touch screen specialized monitor that you can touch to activate functions, often used on information kiosks or ATM machines 111 touch surface sensitive area on some keyboards that you can use as a mouse 112 Trackball "upside down" mouse 113 traditional keyboard input device for text using QWERTY key layout 114 Universal Product code UPC special bar code often used in the grocery industry for product pricing 115 voice command mode ability to enter program commands via spoken voice 116 voice recognition system system used to convert spoken words into digital information 117 Voice-over IP VoIP aka IP telephony, the use of Internet protocols to transmit phone calls

Chapter 5 Input and Output

118 wand reader handheld device used to scan in bar codes or optical characters 119 Web appliance aka web terminal or internet terminal, it provides a way to access the Internet using a television for output 120 Web camera aka Webcam; small device used to capture digital images for video conferencing via the Web 121 Web terminal aka internet terminal or web appliance, it provides a way to access the Internet using a television for output 122 WebCam aka Web camera; small device used to capture digital images for video conferencing via the Web 123 wheel button found on a mouse allowing you to scroll through a screen of information 124 wireless keyboard similar to a traditional keyboard, only it doesn't require a cable to connect it to the system 125 wireless mouse battery operated mouse that uses wireless signals to transmit location to the computer

R.Chapter Review page 204

1.Crossword

a)Across

3 UPC Bar code system used in supermarkets 5 OMR Used to grade multiple choice exams 6 TOGGLE Keys that turn features on and off 9 GRAPHICSTABLET Use special surface and stylus to create digital illustrations 10 DPI Measure of resolution 13 JOYSTICK Most popular input device used for computer games 14 FLEXIBLE Keyboard that rolls up for storage and transport 15 WHEELBUTTON Button rotated to scroll through information displayed on the monitor 16 HDTV Delivers much clearer picture than regular TV 17 KEYBOARD Most commonly used way to input data 18 DOTPITCH The distance between each pixel 19 REFRESHRATE Number of times a screen is redrawn each second

b)Down

1 PRINTER Translates processed information into hard copy 2 SOFTCOPY Description of monitor output 4 PIXEL Resolution is expressed as a matrix of these dots 7 TEXT Letters, words, sentences, and paragraphs 8 DIGITALCAMERA Records images digitally on a disk 10 DUMB Type of terminal that does no processing 11 MECHANICALMOUSE Most widely used type of mouse 12 WEBCAM Specialized digital camera that broadcasts images over the Internet

2.Multiple Choice page 205

1 E Optical
2 B Touch pad
3 B Bar code
4 C WebCams
5 A Sound card
6 B E-book
7 B Hard copy
8 A Laser printers
9 D Telephony
A Thin client

Chapter 5 Input and Output

 Wireless (or Cordless): most expensive, and requires a receiver

attached to your computer, it frees you from needing a cable

attached to the computer

 You may want to consider a different pointing device such as a

track pad or pointing stick so you don’t have a separate device.

d)Describe the three categories of output devices.

 Monitors: the screen that you see characters and images

 Printers: how to get hard copy printed on paper

 Audio: speakers for voice & music

e)Discuss the different types of printers.

 Ink-Jet: most common for personal use, work well for color and

Black & White

 Laser: often used for high quantity output, speeds tend to be faster,

but the printers cost more

 Thermal: specialty printers for large sheets of paper

 Other: plotters, again, specialty output

f)What are combination input and output devices?

Describe four such devices.

 Fax: a low resolution “picture” of a document that can be

transmitted electronically

 MFD: Multifunction Devices – combine a printer, scanner, copier

and fax

 IP Phones: Internet Protocol telephones – use the Internet to

transmit messages

 Terminals: connect to a host computer or server

S.Using Technology page 207

1.WebCams and Instant Messaging

 This section refers you to Making IT Work for You: WebCams

and Instant Messaging

 Answers to the questions depend on the type of messaging service

you are using

 Typical hardware required is a computer with an inexpensive

digital camera

 Software can be downloaded from the messaging service, e.g. AIM

  • AOL Instant Messenger

2.Internet Telephones

 This section directs students to learn something about Internet

Telephony, starting with the text’s CD and/or Web site.

Chapter 5 Input and Output

 The technology depends on the types of services used, but most are

similar to traditional telephones.

T.Expanding Your Knowledge page 208

1.Digital Cameras

 View the animation “How digital cameras work” on the text’s CD

and/or Web site

 Respond to questions such as

o What is a CCD – Charge Couple Device – used to record the

image (the different colors)

o What is an ADC – Analog to Digital Converter – helps to

measure the amount of light

o How are images transported from the camera to the computer?

  • download them via a USB or FireWire cable

2.How Internet Telephones Work

 Have students view the animation “How Internet Telephony

Works” from the text’s CD and/or Web site.

 Respond to the following questions

o What input & output devices are used? – a handset for

speaking and listening to the call (or a microphone & speakers

can be used)

o What advantages & disadvantages are there? – if you already

have a computer, this can be an inexpensive way to make calls

o Would you incur long distance charges? – depends on the

service, but there are many that you can use for free

U.Building Your Portfolio page 209

1.Digital Input

 Students are asked to write a one page paper titled “Digital Input”

and answer questions discussed in the text, such as a) Define

digitizer, digital camera, etc.

 May recommend that students research these topics on line – look

at some electronic retailer sites to learn about the costs and features

of some of these items.

2.Electronic Security

 Students are asked to write a one page summary about common

applications of electronic monitoring; what have they seen, does it

make them feel more secure, or is it an invasion of their privacy?

 May be a good time to discuss how this has changed over the

years, especially in light of the PATRIOT Act.

Chapter 5 Input and Output

a)Mouse

 A mouse controls the pointer displayed on the monitor

 The mouse pointer usually appears in the shape of an arrow

 Mechanical mouse: traditional mouse with a ball in the bottom and

cord connecting it to the computer

 Optical mouse: has no moving parts – it emits and senses light to

detect mouse movement.

 Cordless or wireless mouse: a battery operated device that

typically uses radio waves or infrared light waves to communicate

with the system.

 Other similar pointing devices include:

 Trackball (aka Roller Ball)

 Touch surfaces (aka Touch Pads)

 Pointing stick (aka Trak Point)

b)Joystick

 Most popular input device for computer games

c)Touch Screen

 Monitor with a touch sensitive plastic screen

 Typically used for restaurants, ATM’s and information kiosks

d)Light Pen

 A light sensitive pen-like device

 Typically used for editing digital images.

 They can include both wired and wireless technologies

e)Stylus

 A pen-like device commonly used with Tablet PCs or PDAs

 Require a touch sensitive input device such as a writing pad

 Typically used for entering menu choices or text via handwriting.

2.Describe the three basic mouse designs. Describe

trackballs, touch surfaces and pointing sticks.

 Mechanical mouse: traditional mouse with a ball in the bottom and

cord connecting it to the computer

 Optical mouse: Have no moving parts – it emits and senses light to

detect mouse movement.

 Cordless or wireless mouse: a battery operated device that

typically uses radio waves or infrared light waves to communicate

with the system.

 Other similar pointing devices include:

 Trackball (aka Roller Ball)

 Touch surfaces (aka Touch Pads)

Chapter 5 Input and Output

 Pointing stick (aka Trak Point)

C.Ch 7 page 186

1.How are pointing and scanning devices different?

 A pointing device just changes your location on the screen (moves

the cursor). A scanning device converts printed output into digital

input for processing by the computer.

2.Describe three types of scanners.

 Scanning devices convert scanned text and images into a form that the

system unit can process.

a)Optical Scanners

 An optical scanner (aka scanner) accepts documents consisting of

text and/or images and converts them to machine readable form.

 They work by recognizing light, dark, and colored areas that make

up individual letters or images.

 Flatbed scanner: works like a copy machine

 Portable scanner: often is a hand held device that slides across the

document being scanned.

 Typical use is by advertising professionals who scan images and

combine them with text.

b)Bar Code Readers

 Bar code readers/scanners contain photoelectric cells that read bar

codes.

 Typical uses are in grocery stores that use Universal Product Codes

(UPC) which match up the product with a database entry

containing product information such as price.

 These devices are either handheld wand readers or platform

scanners.

c)Character and Mark Recognition Devices

 These devices read special characters and marks.

 Three types include:

o Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR): used by banks

for processing checks. Special reader/sorter machines process

the checks much faster than the older manual methods

o Optical Character Recognition (OCR): use special pre-printed

characters that can be read by a light source, and are still

understandable by human readers. Retail stores frequently

used these types of scanners.