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INTEG EXAM 1 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
Typology: Exams
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โ What are the 2 primary layers of the skin? (list from superficial to deep). Answer: epidermis dermis โ What is the difference between the epidermis and the dermis. Answer: avascular vs vascular water resistant- epidermis thick-dermis โ What are the primary cells of the epidermis?. Answer: keratinocytes โ What are the cells that make up the epidermis? (list all). Answer: keratinocytes melanocytes merkel cells langerhans
โ What are keratinocytes?. Answer: produce keratin, help waterproof the skin โ What are melanocytes?. Answer: pigmentation โ What are merkel cells?. Answer: light touch โ What are langherhan's cells?. Answer: immune system โ List the layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep?. Answer: Come Lets Get Sun Burnt Stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale โ In what layer of the epidermis do melanocytes live?. Answer: stratum basale โ In what layer of the epidermis do mature keratinocytes live?.
Answer: collagen โ what are macrophages?. Answer: Infection-fighting organisms in lymph. โ what are mast cells?. Answer: Cells that contain histamine, causes inflammation. โ What are the 2 layers of the dermis?. Answer: papillary, reticular โ What is the primary purpose of the subcutaneous/hypodermis layer?. Answer: energy storage/thermoregulation โ Which vitamins are fat soluble?. Answer: ADEK โ Which layer of the skin anchors the dermis?. Answer: hypodermis โ Is the hypodermis vascular?.
Answer: yes, very โ What are the 3 stages of wound healing?. Answer: inflammation proliferation maturation & remodeling โ what is the 1st part of wound healing? (not technically a stage). Answer: hemostasis/stop the bleed โ true or false: the stages of wound healing are based on the type of wound?. Answer: false **All stages are the same for every wound some just may take longer than others โ Signs of the inflammation phase of healing?. Answer: red, erythema, pain, loss of function, edema, heat โ Length of each phase of wound healing: inflammation. Answer: 0-4 days
โ Goals of the proliferation phase:. Answer: fill in the wound and restore the integrity of the skin โ 4 subphases of the proliferation phase:. Answer: Angiogenesis Granulation Contraction Epithelialization โ Describe what happens during angiogenesis. Answer: new blood vessel formation, endothelial buds โ Describe what happens during granulation. Answer: collagen synthesis from fibroblasts โ signs of improper wound healing during the granulation phase. Answer: hypergranulation-- jelly-like hypogranulation- dry โ Describe what happens during contraction. Answer: wound becomes smaller using myofibroblasts
โ myofibroblasts. Answer: contractile fibroblasts โ list the following wound shapes from fastest to slowest rate of contraction during the proliferation phase of wound healing: square circle linear rectangle. Answer: linear>square/rectangle>circle โ Describe what happens during epithelialization. Answer: outside/keratinocytes waits for hole to be filled in โ Fibroblasts secrete ___?. Answer: collagen โ Eventually granulation is replaced by ________. Answer: scar tissue โ Acute surgical wounds should complete proliferation at ___ weeks.
Answer: III, I โ Normal collagen ratio is? Type 1:Type III. Answer: 4: โ Induction theory vs tension theory?. Answer: Scar mimics cells around vs internal/external stresses forms the scar โ If collagen synthesis is impaired during wound healing this may lead to a ______ scar. Answer: dehisced โ If collagen lysis is impaired (too much collagen) this could lead to what types of scars?. Answer: keloid hypertrophic โ define a keloid scar. Answer: outside the borders of the scar; much higher risk to open again โ define a hypertrophic scar.
Answer: stays within the border of the scar but is "raised" โ Hypertrophic scar collagen ratio: Type 1: Type 3. Answer: 2: โ Chronic wounds are ones that do not heal in optimal conditions in _______ weeks. Answer: 6 โ Normal PO2 levels:. Answer: 80-100 O2 level โ PO2 levels below ____ severely affect collagen synthesis. Answer: 40mmHg โ Serum albumin should be >____. Answer: 3.5mg/dL โ Types of wound closures (3). Answer: 1. primary intention/closure
โ When would you allow a wound to close by tertiary intention?. Answer: large amount of swelling contamination infection risk tissue loss โ In tertiary intention, wounds can be left open for _____ days, and then closed by primary intention. Answer: 4-6 days โ Superficial wounds penetrate the _____ but not the _____?. Answer: epidermis, dermis โ Partial thickness wounds heal by ____. Answer: epithelialization โ Full thickness wounds penetrate the. Answer: epidermis, dermis, hypodermis โ full thickness wounds heal by. Answer: secondary intention
โ Partial thickness wounds heal by ____; Full thickness wounds heal by ______. Answer: epithelialization secondary intention โ NPIAP pressure injury staging.... how many stages?. Answer: 4 โ NPIAP pressure injury staging: stage 1. Answer: non-blanchable โ NPIAP pressure injury staging: stage 2. Answer: superficial ulcer, partial โ NPIAP pressure injury staging: stage 3. Answer: deep, full, subcutaneous โ NPIAP pressure injury staging: stage 4. Answer: deep, full, subcutaneous, bone, tendon, necrosis โ Wagner Scale... how many stages.
Answer: gangrene of entire foot โ Rolled edges aka. Answer: epibole โ Different types of exudate- 6. Answer: sanguineous serosanguineous serous purulent seropurulent pseudomonas โ What type of exudate contains pus?. Answer: purulent โ what type of exudate? red thin/watery. Answer: sanguineous โ what type of exudate? light pink/red/thin.
Answer: serosanguineous โ what type of exudate? clear/thin. Answer: serous โ what type of exudate? yellow/tan/green/think. Answer: purulent โ what type of exudate? cloudy/yellow/thin. Answer: seropurulent โ what type of exudate? blue/green. Answer: pseudomonas โ what type of exudate is "normal"?. Answer: sanguineous serosanguineous serous
โ Edema pitting scale 1+ 2+ 3+ 4+. Answer: barely <15 seconds 15 - 30seconds >30 seconds โ Pedal pulses: 0 1+ 2+ 3+ 4+. Answer: absent thready weak normal bounding
โ how to take an ABI. Answer: ankle SBP/arm SBP โ ABI normal. Answer: 0.9-1. โ ABI is used to determine the presence of what?. Answer: arterial disease โ ABI: >1.1-1.3. Answer: vessel calcification โ ABI: 0.9-1.1. Answer: normal โ ABI: 0.7-0.9. Answer: mild to mod arterial disease โ ABI: 0.5-0.7. Answer: moderate arterial disease
