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Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Repair, Exams of Anatomy

A.T. Still University of Health Sciences (ATSU)Anatomy

A comprehensive overview of the integumentary system, including the two major components of the cutaneous membrane (epidermis and dermis), the functions of the skin and hypodermis, the layers of the skin, factors influencing skin color, the process of vitamin d synthesis, characteristics of skin cancer, the roles of epidermal growth factor, the components of the dermis, the functions of the hypodermis, the structures and functions of hair and nails, and the four phases of integumentary repair. The detailed information covers a wide range of topics related to the integumentary system, making this document a valuable resource for students studying anatomy and physiology.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 08/25/2024

DrShirleyAurora
DrShirleyAurora 🇺🇸

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Anatomy and Physiology: Chapter 5
What are the two major components of the integumentary system? -
Cutaneous membrane
Accessory structures
What are the two components of the cutaneous membrane? -
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis -
Loose connective tissue deep to the dermis that separates the integument from the deep
fascia around other organs
What are the general functions of the skin and hypodermis? (7) -
Protection of underlying tissues and organs
Excretion of salts, water, and organic wastes
Maintenance of body temperature
Production of keratin
Synthesis of vitamin D
Storage of lipids
Detection of touch, pressure, pain, and temperature stimuli
What layer is in thick skin and not in thin skin? -
Stratum Lucidum
Where do you find thick skin? -
Palms of the hands and soles of the feet
What are the layers of the skin from most deep to most superficial? -
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum
What are thet wo factors in the color of the epidermis? -
Dermal blood supply
Epidermal pigmentation
Insensible perspiration -
Water loss that you are unable to feel or see
Sensible perspiration -
pf3
pf4
pf5

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Anatomy and Physiology: Chapter 5

What are the two major components of the integumentary system? - Cutaneous membrane Accessory structures What are the two components of the cutaneous membrane? - Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis - Loose connective tissue deep to the dermis that separates the integument from the deep fascia around other organs What are the general functions of the skin and hypodermis? (7) - Protection of underlying tissues and organs Excretion of salts, water, and organic wastes Maintenance of body temperature Production of keratin Synthesis of vitamin D Storage of lipids Detection of touch, pressure, pain, and temperature stimuli What layer is in thick skin and not in thin skin? - Stratum Lucidum Where do you find thick skin? - Palms of the hands and soles of the feet What are the layers of the skin from most deep to most superficial? - Stratum basale Stratum spinosum Stratum granulosum Stratum lucidum Stratum corneum What are thet wo factors in the color of the epidermis? - Dermal blood supply Epidermal pigmentation Insensible perspiration - Water loss that you are unable to feel or see Sensible perspiration -

Water loss that you are aware of Carotene - Orange-yellow pigment that noramlly accumalates in epidermal cells Keratin - Tough, fibrous protein that is the basic component of hair and nails Keratinization - The formation of protective, superficial layers of cells filled with keratin Melanin - A brown, yellow-brown, or black pigment produced by melanocytes Where will you find melanocytes? - Stratum basale What protects your skin from significant amounts of ultraviolet radiation? - Melanin What is the name of the pigment in red blood cells? - Hemoglobin Cyanosis - When skin takes on a blue coloration How is vitamin D3 made in the body? - When epidermal cells in the stratum spinosum and stratum basale are exposed to ultraviolet radiation and convert a cholesterol related steroid ito the vitamin What vitamin is needed in order to synthesize the hormone calcitrol? - Vitamin D What is the ABCDE of skin cancer characteristics? - A - Asymmetry B - Border C - Color D - Diameter E - Evolution What are some of the roles of EGF? (4) - Promoting the division of basal cells in the stratum basale and stratum spinosum Accelerating the production of keratin in differentiating keratinocytes Stimulating epidermal development and epidermal repair after injury Stimulating synthetic activity and secretion by epithelial glands What are the two major components in the dermis? - Papillary layer Reticular layer

Sebaceous glands - (Oil glands) Holocrine glands that discharge an oily lipid secretion into hair follicles What are some functions of sebum? (3) - Inhibits the growth of bacteria Lubricates and protects keratin of hair shaft Conditions surrounding skin Sebaceous follicles - Large sebaceous glands that are not associated with hair follicles; their ducts discharge sebum onto the epidermis Seborrheic dermatitis - An inflammation around abnormally active sebaceous glands What are the two types of sudoriferous glands? - Apocrine sweat glands Merocrine sweat glands Apocrine glands (Locations and discharge locations) - Located in the armpits, around the nipples, and in the pubic region Secrete their products into hair follicles Merocrine glands/eccrine (Discharge locations) - Secrete their products directly onto the surface of skin What are the functions of merocrine sweat gland activity? (3) - Cooling the surface of the skin to reduce body temperature Excreting water and electrolytes Providing protection from environmental hazards Ceruminous glands - Modified sweat glands in the passageway of the external ear What controls the activation and deactivation of sebaceous and apocrine glands at the subconscious level? - Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Where does nail production occur? - Nail root What does the body of the nail consist of? - Dead, tightly compressed cells packed with keratin Granulation tissue - The combination of blood clot, fibroblasts, and an extensive capillary network Keloid - Thick, raised area of scar tissue

What are the four steps for the repair of injury to the integument? - Inflammatory phase Migratory phase Proliferation phase Maturation phase