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Standards for the initial education and training
of pharmacists – Interim learning outcomes
- Introduction Table of Contents
- Describing and assessing outcomes.....................................................................................................
- Level 1 – Knows
- Level 2 – Knows how....................................................................................................................
- Level 3 – Shows how
- Level 4 – Does
- Level of study
- Domains of study
- Domain: Person-centred care and collaboration
- Domain: Professional practice......................................................................................................
- Domain: Leadership and management
- Domain: Education and research
Introduction
The General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC) is the regulator for pharmacists, pharmacy technicians and registered pharmacies in Great Britain. One of its core roles is to set standards for education and training leading to registration and in 2020 its Council agreed new standards for the initial education and training of pharmacists. They come in to force in October 2021.
The initial education and training of pharmacists comprises a four-year MPharm degree followed by a year of pharmacist pre-registration training and passing the GPhC’s Registration Assessment, a national registration examination. In 2020, it was agreed by the GPhC, the Royal Pharmaceutical Society, the professional body for pharmacists, the chief pharmaceutical officers for England, Scotland and Wales and statutory education bodies (SEBs) – Health Education England (HEE), NHS Education for Scotland (NES) and Health Education and Improvement Wales (HEIW) – that the pre-registration training year will become a year of foundation training with greater input from SEBs and, in time, schools of pharmacy.
The foundation training year in each country will be developed by SEBs in consultation with employers and other stakeholders.
MPharm degrees based on the new 2021 standards will be introduced over several years from 2022/23, meaning that foundation training following on from them will be introduced from 2026/27. Recognising the importance of developing pharmacists as clinicians, stakeholders have agreed that earlier, transitional, iterations of foundation training will be introduced from 2021.
This document describes the interim learning outcomes for the 2021/22 foundation training year. The interim learning outcomes will apply for all settings and sectors and will replace the pre-registration performance standards. All training delivered for 2021/22 should be based on the interim learning outcomes. Training providers will need to ensure that regular progress reviews monitor the trainee’s progression against the learning outcomes.
There might be further iteration of the learning outcomes until they can be fully implemented in 2026/27, once students who have graduated from MPharm degrees based on the GPhC’s 2021 education and training standards enter the foundation training year.
A key distinction between the GPhC’s 2011 education and training standards and the 2021 standards replacing them is the inclusion of pharmacist independent prescribing. The GPhC recognises that this cannot be introduced immediately so the learning outcomes in this document do not require 2021/ trainees to train as independent prescribers. Nevertheless, prescribing is becoming an essential skill for pharmacists and after extensive discussions with SEBs, employers and other stakeholders, we expect to include the requirement for independent prescribing in later iterations of transitional learning outcomes. This is not to suggest that trainee pharmacists will not prescribe in the more general sense – that they will advise people about medication during their foundation training year, but formal annotation as a pharmacist independent prescriber may take several years to implement in the foundation training year.
Describing and assessing outcomes
The outcome levels in this standard are based on an established competence and assessment hierarchy known as ‘Miller’s triangle’:
- person-centred care and collaboration
- professional practice
- leadership and management
- education and research
The domains and learning outcomes are all of equal importance and are mapped on to the Royal Pharmaceutical Society’s curriculum for post-registration foundation training.
To achieve them, curricula, teaching and learning strategies and training plans to deliver these learning outcomes will:
- apply the science behind pharmacy throughout all learning
- focus on the role of the pharmacist as a healthcare professional – using their comprehensive expertise of medicines, and building on their strong grounding in science – to deliver high-quality, person-centred care
- provide experiential learning and inter-professional learning, with students from other health and care professions, and provide experience in pharmacy settings
- provide opportunities to engage with people and other health and care professionals
- build the requirement of patient and public safety into all aspects of the design and delivery of initial education and training.
Domain: Person-centred care and collaboration
If they are to pass, trainee pharmacists must be able to demonstrate the following:
Table 1: Learning outcomes domain: person-centred care and collaboration
N. Learning outcome Foundation training year 1 Demonstrate empathy and keep the person at the centre of their approach to care at all times
Does
2 Work in partnership with people to support and empower them in shared decision-making about their health and wellbeing
Does
3 Demonstrate effective communication at all times and adapt their approach and communication style to meet the needs of the person
Does
4 Understand the variety of settings and adapt their communication accordingly
Does
5 Proactively support people to make safe and effective use of their medicines and devices
Does
6 Treat people as equals, with dignity and respect, and meet their own legal responsibilities under equality and human rights legislation, while respecting diversity and cultural differences
Does
N. Learning outcome Foundation training year 7 Obtain informed consent before providing care and pharmacy services Does 8 Assess and respond to the person’s particular health risks, taking account of individuals’ protected characteristics and background
Does
9 Take responsibility for ensuring that personal values and beliefs do not compromise person-centred care
Does
10 Demonstrate effective consultation skills, and in partnership with the person, decide the most appropriate course of action
Does
11 Take into consideration factors that affect people’s behaviours in relation to health and wellbeing
Does
12 Take an all-inclusive approach to ensure the most appropriate course of action based on clinical, legal and professional considerations
Does
13 Recognise the psychological, physiological and physical impact of prescribing decisions on people
Does
14 Work collaboratively and effectively with other members of the multi- disciplinary team to ensure high-quality, person-centred care, including continuity of care
Does
Domain: Professional practice
If they are to pass, trainee pharmacists must be able to demonstrate the following:
Table 2: Learning outcomes domain: professional practice
N. Learning outcome Foundation training year 15 Demonstrate the values, attitudes and behaviours expected of a pharmacy professional at all times
Does
16 Apply professional judgement in all circumstances, taking legal and ethical reasoning into account
Does
17 Recognise and work within the limits of their knowledge and skills, and get support and refer to others when they need to
Does
18 Take responsibility for all aspects of pharmacy services, and make sure that the care and services provided are safe and accurate
Does
19 Take responsibility for all aspects of health and safety and take actions when necessary, particularly but not exclusively during the COVID- pandemic
Does
20 Act openly and honestly when things go wrong and raise concerns even when it is not easy to do so
Does
N. Learning outcome Foundation training year 35 Anticipate and recognise adverse drug reactions, and recognise the need to apply the principles of pharmacovigilance^1
Does
36 Apply relevant legislation related to prescribing Does 37 Prescribe effectively within the relevant systems and frameworks for medicines use^2
Does
38 Understand clinical governance in relation to prescribing Shows how 39 Take responsibility for people’s health records, including the legality, appropriateness, accuracy, security and confidentiality of personal data
Does
40 Understand and implement relevant safeguarding procedures, including local and national guidance in relation to each person
Does
41 Effectively make use of local and national health and social care policies to improve health outcomes and public health, and to address health inequalities
Does
42 Proactively participate in the promotion and protection of public health in their practice
Does
43 Identify misuse of medicines and implement effective strategies to deal with this
Does
44 Respond appropriately to medical emergencies, including the provision of first aid
Shows how
Domain: Leadership and management
If they are to pass, trainee pharmacists must be able to demonstrate the following:
Table 3: Learning outcomes domain: leadership and management
N. Learning outcome Foundation training year 45 Demonstrate effective leadership and management skills as part of the multi-disciplinary team
Does
46 Make use of the skills and knowledge of other members of the multi- disciplinary team to manage resources and priorities
Does
(^1) Monitoring the effects of medicines after they have been licensed for use, especially to identify
previously unreported adverse reactions. (^2) Removed in the 2021/22 interim learning outcomes
N. Learning outcome Foundation training year 47 Develop, lead and apply effective strategies to improve the quality of care and safe use of medicines
Does
48 Actively take part in the management of risks and consider the impacts on people
Does
49 Use tools and techniques to avoid medication errors associated with prescribing (by others), supply and administration
Does
50 Take appropriate actions to respond to complaints, incidents or errors in a timely manner and to prevent them happening again
Does
51 Recognise when and how their performance or that of others could put people at risk and take appropriate actions
Does
52 Demonstrate resilience and flexibility, and apply effective strategies to manage multiple priorities, uncertainty, complexity and change
Does
Domain: Education and research
If they are to pass, trainee pharmacists must be able to demonstrate the following:
Table 4: Learning outcomes domain: education and research
N. Learning outcome Foundation training year 53 Reflect upon, identify, and proactively address their learning needs Does 54 Support the learning and development of others, including through mentoring
Does
55 Take part in research activities, audit, service evaluation and quality improvement, and demonstrate how these are used to improve care and services
Does
