Network Types and Topologies: Classification and Description - Prof. Assefa, Lecture notes of Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications

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Chapter 3

Types of Networks and Topologies

Outline

➢Network Types

oLAN, MAN, WAN

oCentralized and decentralized Networks

oPeer to peer versus Server based

Networks

➢Network Topologies

oPhysical Topology

oLogical Topology

Based on Geographical Location Based on geographical location, Networks can be classified: PAN: Personal Area Network LAN: Local Area Network. MAN: Metropolitan Area Network WAN: Wide Area Network. CAN: Campus Area Network SAN: Storage Area Network VPN: Virtual Private Network

PAN – Personal Area Networks

 PAN is a computer network for interconnecting electronic devices within an individual person's workspace.  A PAN provides data transmission among devices such as computers, smartphones, tablets and personal digital assistants,  PANs can be wired, such as USB or FireWire, or they can be wireless, such as infrared, ZigBee, Bluetooth and ultrawideband, or UWB.  The range of a PAN typically is a few meters. ( 10 m)

LAN - Local Area Networks

 LAN refers to networks that have small geographical coverage usually within a building or a campus.  LANs are found in most organizations, businesses, government offices, educational institutions.  A LAN is very useful for sharing resources, such as data storage and printers.

LAN- Local Area Networks

 LANs can be built with relatively inexpensive

hardware, such as hubs, network adapters and

Ethernet cables.

 The smallest LAN may only use two computers,

while larger LANs can accommodate thousands of

computers.

 LANs are typically used for single sites where

people need to share resources among themselves

but not with the rest of the outside world.

LAN devices

 The major LAN devices are:  Computers  Network Interface Card (NIC)  Network Cable  Hub  Switch  Modem  RJ- 45

LAN

MAN

WAN - Wide Area Network

 Wide area networks are networks that cover very large geographical area such as a country or the whole world.  WAN usually use combination of several types of communication media such as cables, satellites, microwaves, and fiber-optics.  Because a WAN has no geographical limitations, it can connect computers and other devices in separate cities or on opposite sides of the world.  A multinational corporation with linked computers in different countries is using aWAN.

Network Classification

Based on span of control computer networks can be classified into two major grouped as either : ➢ Centralized Dumb Terminals Intelligent Terminals ➢ Distributed Network  Client/Server  Peer-to-Peer

Centralized Network

 Centralized network has one main CPU that

processes all information requests and handles

communication.

 The main CPU in a centralized network is usually a

mainframe or minicomputer capable of handling the

processing workload of many people simultaneously.

 People interface with the host computer by using

terminals and other input and output devices.

Distributed Networks

 Distributed network is a collection of workstations connected to each other, along with various shared storage and input and output devices (for example, scanners and printers).  In a distributed network each workstation can handle some, if not all, of its own processing.  Workstations in a distributed network also maintain local information and software.

Distributed Network

 Distributed Network can be either:

 Client/Server network

 Peer-to-Peer network

 The type of network you choose to implement

depends on Size of the organization

Level of security required

Level of administrative support available

Amount of network traffic

Network budget