Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Introduction to Inference, Statistical Inference, Law of Large Numbers, Sampling Distribution, Random Sample, Randomized Experiment, Sampling Distribution Revisited, Central Limit Theorem, Unrealistically, Common Procedures are some points of this lecture. This lecture was delivered in class of Sociologist Statistics.
Typology: Slides
1 / 7
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
Module 1 – Introduction
François Nielsen
University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
Fall 2008
(^1) Adapted from slides for the course Quantitative Methods in Sociology
(Sociology 6Z3) taught at McMaster University by Robert Andersen (now at University of Toronto)
… (^) A data set is a collection of facts assembled for a particular purpose … (^) We will mainly use rectangular data sets where information is organized in an individual (row) by variable (column) format … (^) an individual is a unit of observation – e.g. a person, an organization, a country … (^) a variable is a characteristic of the individual – e.g. a depression score, score on a scale of centralization of decision-making, Gross Domestic Product per capita … (^) a case is the information on all variables for one individual (corresponding to one row of the data set) … (^) an observation is the value of a single variable for a given individual
A Refined Typology of Levels of Measurement
… (^) A categorical ( nominal, qualitative ) variable is an exclusive & exhaustive set of attributes … (^) E.g. sex or gender, religion, region of the U.S. … (^) An ordinal variable adds an ordering of the categories … (^) E.g. Mohr scale of hardness – categories ordered from graphite to diamond by relation “A scratches B”; Likert scales with categories Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree … (^) An interval variable adds a constant interval between categories … (^) E.g. temperature in °F or °C degrees; IQ … (^) A ratio variable adds an absolute zero … (^) E.g. temperature in °K degrees, income of individual, GDP of country, age, percentages … (^) Thus one can say “$25,000 is half as much as $50,000”
