Artificial Intelligence: An Introduction to Concepts, Applications, and Types, Lecture notes of Artificial Intelligence

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Introduction to Computational

Intelligence

-Presented By:

Shawni Dutta,

Department of Computer Science,

The BES College

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY.

What is

Artificial

Intelligence?

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of Science which deals with helping machines finding solutions to complex problems in a more human-like fashion.
• This generally involves borrowing characteristics from human intelligence, and applying them as algorithms in a computer friendly way.
• This definition is restrictive as it excludes a major area ; problems that cannot be solved well either by computers or by people at the moment.

Programming

Without and

With AI

• The programming without and with AI is different in following ways:

HISTORY OF AI

• The origin of artificial intelligence lies in the earliest days of machine computations.
• During the 1940s and 1950s, AI begins to grow with the emergence of the modern computer.
• Prof. Peter Jackson (University of Edinburgh) classified the history of AI into three periods as:

1. Classical
2. Romantic
3. Modern

Romantic Period

• It was started from the mid 1960 and

continues until the mid 1970.

• During this period people were

interested in making machine

understand, that is usually mean the

understanding of natural language.

Modern Period

• It was started from 1970 and continues to

the present day.

• This period was developed to solve more

complex problems.

• This period includes the research on both

theories and practical aspects of Artificial

Intelligence.

• This period includes the birth of concepts

like Expert system, Artificial Neurons,

Pattern Recognition etc. The research of

the various advanced concepts of Pattern

Recognition and Neural Network are still

going on.

AI in Healthcare

• In the last, five to ten years, AI becoming more advantageous for the healthcare industry and going to have a significant impact on this industry.
• Healthcare Industries are applying AI to make a better and faster diagnosis than humans. AI can help doctors with diagnoses and can inform when patients are worsening so that medical help can reach to the patient before hospitalization.

AI in Gaming

• AI can be used for gaming purpose.
• The AI machines can play strategic games like chess, where the machine needs to think of a large number of possible places.

AI in Data Security

The security of data is crucial for every company and

cyber-attacks are growing very rapidly in the digital world.

AI can be used to make your data more safe and secure.

Some examples such as AEG bot, AI2 Platform,are used to

determine software bug and cyber-attacks in a better

way.

AI in Social Media

• Social Media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat contain billions of user profiles, which need to be stored and managed in a very efficient way.
• AI can organize and manage massive amounts of data. AI can analyze lots of data to identify the latest trends, hashtag, and requirement of different users.

AI in Robotics

• Artificial Intelligence has a remarkable role in Robotics. Usually, general robots are programmed such that they can perform some repetitive task, but with the help of AI, we can create intelligent robots which can perform tasks with their own experiences without pre-programmed.
• Humanoid Robots are best examples for AI in robotics, recently the intelligent Humanoid robot named as Erica and Sophia has been developed which can talk and behave like humans.

AI in education

• AI can automate grading so that the tutor can have more time to teach. AI chatbot can communicate with students as a teaching assistant.
• AI in the future can be work as a personal virtual tutor for students, which will be accessible easily at any time and any place.

Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence

- High Cost: The hardware and software requirement of AI is very costly as it requires lots

of maintenance to meet current world requirements.

- Can't think out of the box: Even we are making smarter machines with AI, but still they

cannot work out of the box, as the robot will only do that work for which they are trained,

or programmed.

- No feelings and emotions: AI machines can be an outstanding performer, but still it does

not have the feeling so it cannot make any kind of emotional attachment with human, and

may sometime be harmful for users if the proper care is not taken.

- Increase dependency on machines: With the increment of technology, people are getting

more dependent on devices and hence they are losing their mental capabilities.

- No Original Creativity: As humans are so creative and can imagine some new ideas but

still AI machines cannot beat this power of human intelligence and cannot be creative and

imaginative.

WEAK AND

STRONG AI

• There are two conceptual thoughts about AI

namely the

• Weak AI and
• Strong AI.