Computer Basics: Understanding Input, Process, Output, Storage, and Components, Lecture notes of Introduction to Computers

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Introduction to

Computers

Instructor : Ömer OKLU E-mail : [email protected]

Objectives

• Define the term computer and discuss the four basic computer operations: input, process, output, and storage
• Define data and information
• Identify the differences among desktop computers, notebook computers, and mobile devices
• Explain the primary components of the computer and their use
• Describe the use of hard disks, flash memory, optical discs, and other storage media

What Is a Computer?

 An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can:  Accept data (input)  Process the data according to specified rules (process)  Produce results (output)  Store the results (storage) for future use

What Is a Computer?

What Is a Computer?

 All computer processing requires data. Data is a collection of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers, images, audio and video. Computers manipulate data to create information.Information conveys meaning and is useful to people. During the output operation, the information that has been created is put into some form, such as a printed report.

What Is a Computer?

The Components of a

Computer

Personal Computers

and Mobile Devices

• A personal computer is a computer that can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself
• A mobile device is a computing device small enough to hold in your hand

Parts of a Computer

1. Input Devices (Keyboard, Mouse, etc.)
2. Output Devices (Monitor, Speakers, etc.)
3. Central Processing Unit (CPU) and memory
4. Motherboard (Circuit Board)
5. Expansion Cards (Video Card, Sound Card, or NIC)
6. Hard Drive Ports and Connections (USB, Firewire, etc.)

Input Devices

• An input device is any hardware component that allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer - A keyboard is an input device that contains keys users press to enter data and instructions into the computer  A stylus is a small metal or plastic device that looks like a tiny ink pen, but uses pressure instead of ink  A mouse is a pointing device that fits comfortably under the palm of your hand  Most notebook computers have a touchpad, a small, flat, rectangular pointing device

Input Devices

 Mouse: A device that you use to interact with items displayed on the computer screen. A standard mouse has a left and a right button. You use the left button to select items and provide instructions by clicking an active area on the screen. You use the right button to display commonly used menu items on the screen.  Keyboard: A set of keys that resembles a typewriter keyboard. You use the keyboard to type text, such as letters or numbers into the computer.  Microphone: A device that you can use to talk to people in different parts of the world. You can record sound into the computer by using a microphone. You can also use a microphone to record your speech and let the computer convert it into text.

 Scanner: A device that is similar to a photocopy machine. You can use this device to transfer an exact copy of a photograph or document into a computer. A scanner reads the page and translates it into a digital format, which a computer can read. For example, you can scan photographs of your family using a scanner.  Webcam: A device that is similar to a video camera. It allows you to capture and send the live pictures to the other user. For example, a webcam allows your friends and family to see you when communicating with them.

System Unit

Central Processing Unit

(CPU)

 A device that interprets and runs the commands that you give to the computer.  Also referred to as the processor.  Two major brands are Intel and AMD.  Examples: Intel Core 2 Duo, AMD Turion X 2